...Speech And Language Disorders Psychology Essay Young children can have unclear speech and mispronounce words, but as the children get older they learn how to use their tongue, lips and brain to work in harmony to say difficult and unfamiliar words. For most children speech difficulties pass with time but for some they find it hard so they repeat or pro-long sounds. This can be very hard for children so they can struggle to find ways to avoid using these sounds or words. A phonological disorder is when a child has a problem with producing sound that is needed for the child to speak. Children with phonological disorder can have problems controlling their rate of speech and can fall behind when learning certain sounds. 2 to 3 year old children often mispronounce words and can confuse the sounds that they hear, but if these problems continue as the child gets older, the child may need speech therapy. Research shows that phonological disorders affects "10% of pre-school children, but by the ages of 6 or 7 years only 2% or £% meet the criteria for phonological disorder" (APA, 2000, Tallal & Benasich, 2002.) According to the Irish Association of Speech and Language there are three forms of language difficulty in a child with SSLI. This is a where a child would have problems with both understanding and producing language. A child having problems with understanding but producing language more difficult and lastly a child would have particular difficulty with parts of language forms...
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...implementation of the Health Care System. This research paper will explore the topic of stuttering and its influence on individuals, and also how Health Care affects those with this speech disorder. “Stuttering is a communication disorder in which individuals have involuntary disruption to the fluency of their speech”. Research Problem/Statement The goal of this research paper is to gain insight as to both the causes and possible treatments for speech disorders like stuttering. Also to determine how other individuals who may speak other languages may be influenced by speech disorders. The research that will be conducted will also analyze the social side effects of stuttering like bullying and social anxiety. Literature Review The literature review that was conducted by utilizing the several databases and journal articles found through Kings College EBSO Host database along with other full text databases. Stuttering is a speech disorder that usually is noticed when an individual is still a child. Signs of stuttering in most individuals tend to disappear as the individual ages. Stuttering “occurs most often in children between the ages of 2 and 5… Most children outgrow stuttering. About 1 percent or less of adults stutters”. Stuttering usually develops while an individual is learning to develop their language skills, but can also develop through severe trauma to the brain. Stuttering which is also known as stammering can negatively influence the lives of many. Speech disorders...
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...My first stuttering interaction was with a waitress in a sushi restaurant. When my parents and I were seated at our table, I became nervous. As the waitress walked back and forth taking customers’ orders, I silently rehearsed my order. When the waitress finally approached our table and asked, “are you ready to order?” I felt my heart racing and my hands shivering. I produced a mild stutter using initial sound prolongations and foot tapping. I said, “Mmmmay I have a sssspicy crab?” When I thought I was done, the waitress proceeded in asking me if I wanted a roll or hand roll. I was embarrassed and replied, “Rrrrroll.” Although I was unable to complete my order, the waitress understood what I said and didn’t appear bothered by my stuttering. She approached...
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...Friendships and close relationships are something that influences people to the extent that it leaves an impact in their lives. It is something that can influence a person in both negative and positive ways. Things like friendship, relationships, love has no barrier, all it needs is a nurturing and a valued perspective. It can work wonders in people’s life or partner’s life or someone who you are nurturing it with. As quoted by Epicurus, the famous ancient Greek philosopher, “You don’t develop courage by being happy in your relationships every day. You develop it by surviving difficult times and challenging adversity.” This quote completely throws light on the King’s struggle in order to gain that courage and then overcoming his lifelong huddle. “The King’s speech,” is an Oscar-winning film, which truly touches the deepest part of our hearts. It was released in 2010, rated R and directed by Tom Hooper. It is a biopic story about Britain’s king George VI Albert (played by Colin Firth) and his lifelong struggle to overcome his Speech impediment or if to be precise his stammering. He was suffering from the stammer since the age of 4 or 5. The movie opens with Prince Albert, known as “Bertie” to his wife and family, who was later known as king George VI, the second son of King George V, speaking at the close of the 1925 British Empire Exhibition with his wife Elizabeth (played by Helena Bonham Carter) next to him. His speech unsettles the thousands of listeners present. The Prince...
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...The client will improve fluency skills in order to functionally communicate and participate in activities of daily living. Client will understand and use bouncing as a voluntary technique to reduce stuttering with minimal cuing in structured activities with 70% accuracy. Client will understand when to pause and speak slowly during structured activities with 70% accuracy. Client will understand and use easy onsets as a voluntary technique in structured activities to increase intelligibility with 70% accuracy. Jasmine will be given a piece of paper with 20 short sentences regarding the /p/ and /b/ sounds in the initial position. Jasmine will be instructed to read the sentence out loud and use the bouncing technique on the word that begin...
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...I recently went to see the new film The King's Speech. Despite the improbable subject matter, an English king from a bygone era struggling to overcome a speech impediment, the movie appears to have touched the hearts of middle-America. Personally I was very moved by the film and the true story it portrays. It's British filmmaking at its best. And yet notwithstanding my enjoyment of the film, I found Colin Firth's performance as King George VI difficult to watch. Not because it was anything less than very fine acting indeed, but because it reminded me of many childhood days spent sitting across the kitchen table from my father, waiting patiently as he, like his monarch, wrestled with an often paralysing stutter. To have something to say and not be able to say it can only be excruciating, and yet it is something that an estimated 65 million people worldwide have to deal with every day of their lives. It's little consolation to know that kings can suffer as much as commoners, or that some notable orators, including Winston Churchill and movie stars such as Bruce Willis and Emily Blunt have had the same problem. If you stutter, life is different for you. Simple things that the rest of us take for granted, like telling a joke or addressing a group at work, giving a speech at your child's wedding, become potential minefields of embarrassment. No wonder my father had a short fuse. For him daily dialogue was an ordeal... frustration was a way of life. With any other condition...
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...being said to them in the presentation. If was something important for example like a new system is being out at work the employees then would not know this information. A way to reduce this is before speaking or doing presentation the person presenting makes sure that everyone is silent and warn the people they are presenting to that this is crucial information you are about to be told. Additionally they could stop every time a person talks over them so the person gets embarrassed which could stop them doing it again. * Stuttering or speech impairment; Having a stutter or speech impairment creates a barrier for communicating because the person who you are talking to may find it hard to understand what you saying if you continually stutter. For example in the workplace if the manager had a stutter and when if had a conversion with you the employee about your performance in work and he was telling what and how to improve within work, but kept stuttering and then you left the conversion by not understanding a word he just said. This would be bad within the workplace because you...
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...Brave Heart and Kings Speech, might be centuries apart but for me are the most historic and state mental movies ever produced. The characters have all done justice to their roles; the storyline is a tremendous piece of art that cannot be replaced by any other movie. Both have their own stands and relate to situations in different times and conditions. The two have many common grounds and share themes that are portrayed in different scenes through different perspectives. The movies mostly revolve around the idea of standing up for oneself and not giving up, whoever the enemy might be. Patriotism is portrayed in Brave Heart when Mel Gibson's character William Wallas refers to the cavilary as "sons of Scotland." They agree to fight against an army almost double in size, armor and men. This battle is won. In Kings Speech the King, is coping with a stammer to deliver a speech which is his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany. The struggle required to overcome the fear of stammering and of rejection is calmed down by the support of his friends and family. In Brave Heart love is a key theme, the movie beautifully portrays that intense love can make you go lengths you never wanted to go, change decisions like William decides to fight and rebel once his love, wife is killed for abstaining the soldiers from raping her. He starts a revolt against the most powerful men and dies trying. Love, an emotion that can help you through any stage of life...
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...Xiao Yu The King’s Speech Writing 2 Professor Cummings Responsibilities of a king are numerous, but above all, a king is there to protect and speak for the people. Although the power a king has is limited in modern time, the king is still the face of the nation and represent the people. The king must address the nation during important events such as the entering of a war. In “The King’s Speech”, Prince Albert, Duke of York, is faced with speech difficulties that prevent him from making a suitable, public figure. Prince Albert, also known as Bertie, visited many speech therapists but had seen little result in improving his “mechanical difficulties” (King’s Speech). Elizabeth, the supportive wife, played by Helena Bonham Carter, sought out an unorthodox speech therapist, Lionel Logue. Lionel, played by Geoffrey Rush, understood the circumstances with treating royalty, but knew it was necessary to step outside the standard edict in order to help Prince Albert conquer his stammer. The opening scene start with Bertie’s first broadcast at the closing season of the Empire Exhibition. With his severe case of stammer, Albert struggles to make only a few orders during his speech; the scene makes it evident to the audience that the Duke of York was incapable of public speaking, none the less make important announcements. Being the caring, worried wife, Elizabeth seeks the aid of Mr. Lionel Logue. After several sessions, Lionel realized that he must be seen as a friend in...
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...British Stammering Association The BSA is a national membership organisation established in 1978, for adults and children who stammer, their friends and families, speech and language therapists and other professionals. Based in London, it is run by people who stammer. BSA promotes awareness of stammering, offers advice, information and support to all whose lives are affected by stammering, initiates and supports research into stammering and identifies and promotes effective therapies. It describes stammering as a neurological issue and estimates that about 700,000 people in the UK have a stammer. In September 2010, the Association announced that Labour front-bench politician Ed Balls MP, who is now Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, had become a patron of the Association. BSA chief executive Norbert Lieckfeldt paid tribute to him for having been very public in his declaration that he too knows what it's like to stammer and has at times struggled with his speech. Lieckfeldt describes stammering as "the hidden disability", said the charity had received calls from members who said people were asking them about their stammer for the first time, because of The King's Speech. The film had created a "good opportunity" for people to talk about stammering. He said: “Suddenly it has become a thing that can be talked about, which is very important for us...For those people who are engaged in conversations about it, their situation will have changed for the better. However, the Association...
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...I have faced many challenges and obstacles throughout my whole life due to my battle with stuttering. Stuttering is a speech disorder that affects my ability to fluently communicate with other people. It makes something that should be a very easy task, such as telling a waiter what you would like to order at a restaurant, very difficult for people like me. Throughout my childhood and early teen years, I let my speech disorder control me. I would never raise my hand or ask for help during class. I remained quiet when I had a million things I wanted to say, all due to self-judgment and the fear that I would speak dysfluently and embarrass myself. I can recall a particular situation from the seventh grade where I felt a great deal of embarrassment...
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...Wendell Johnson was a man who became a speech pathologist because that was what he needed. He was a man who his family diagnosed with a stutter early in his childhood. He became so self conscious of his speech that he made his stutter worse.Johnson felt that his family telling him he had a stutter made his condition learned. Soon, Johnson used this theory to create an experiment on orphan children with one of his graduate students, Mary Tudor. Without their research it may have been years before it was discovered that stuttering could be a form of a learned behavior, but the way they carried out their experiment was unethical. They both willingly manipulated the minds of innocent children as well as the administrators of the orphanage.Both...
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...The two articles I choose to read and write about are “Covert Stuttering: Coming out of the Stuttering Closet” and “Stuttering and Sleep: Some Speculation”. I choose these two articles because I found them to be very interesting and insightful. Reading the two articles gave me a lot of informative information about stuttering and how it affects everyday life. I learned how certain lifestyle habits can affect a person who stutters and how stutterers have developed skilled techniques to hide the fact that they stutter. This paper will explain what I read and how it will help me conduct the clinical process with people who stutter. The first article that I will discuss is “Stuttering and Sleep: Some Speculation” by Sandra Melo. It has been researched that stuttering became worse after several nights of poor sleeping. In a single day, the brain processes more information than you can possible imagine. We rely on our brain to actively interpret and manage every piece of information our body is in contact with. When we sleep, the brain gets to rest, recharge and get ready for the next day of activities, thinking, processing, analyzing and more. That is why the amount of sleep we get is crucial if we want to efficiently function during the day. Sleep deprivation affects a person’s speech. It has been a general observance that individuals who lack sleep tend to stutter and slur. Vocabulary becomes limited and the tone of the voice is lowered. When conducting speech therapy with...
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...PARTHA BAGCHI (STAMMERING CURE CENTRE)-Is he taking advantage in the name of cure? Dear All, I would like to share my experience at Stammering Cure Centre, Bangalore, India, a centre founded by Mr. Partha Bagchi who claims to cure stammering in two weeks (details of which you can find at (www.stammeringcurecentre.com)) . Before I start I would like to state in no way, I would like to demoralize all those people who attended this centre and believes to be completely cured, I am really happy for those people who have been able to cure themselves after attending his course, it is actually a manifestation that they have accepted their problem, changed their speaking style and controlled the flow of speech. However, I would like to raise some serious questions regarding his claim to cure stammering in two weeks and also the techniques that he uses in his claim for fluency. I attended his center sometimes back and although I practiced daily for few months as he advised, I still suffer from blocking problems and there is occasional fumbling of words, but I control it and this control I have learnt to use even before attending Stammering Cure Centre and it has been strengthened after I met a local speech therapist .Two of the persons who attended the centre and with whom I am in contact have lost faith in Mr. Bagchi’s techniques as they discovered 100 % cure are not possible, but yes they have accepted their problem and is trying to refine the art of controlling their speech. Let...
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...Luis Ignacio Villamor 1A BSPS 1. The Monster Study was a stuttering experiment on 22 orphan children in Davenport, Iowa, in 1939 conducted by Wendell Johnson at the University of Iowa. Johnson chose one of his graduate students, Mary Tudor, to conduct the experiment and he supervised her research. After placing the children in control and experimental groups, Tudor gave positive speech therapy to half of the children, praising the fluency of their speech, and negative speech therapy to the other half, belittling the children for every speech imperfection and telling them they were stutterers. Many of the normal speaking orphan children who received negative therapy in the experiment suffered negative psychological effects and some retained speech problems during the course of their life. Dubbed “The Monster Study” by some of Johnson’s peers who were horrified that he would experiment on orphan children to prove a theory, the experiment was kept hidden for fear Johnson’s reputation would be tarnished in the wake of human experiments conducted by the Nazis during World War II. The University of Iowa publicly apologized for the Monster Study in 2001. In this case, special obligations in human subject research and openness is being violated since humans are being used in the experiment and its even kept a secret to the public which is inhuman since some experienced psychological problems. 2. While animal experimentation can be incredibly helpful in understanding man...
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