...Wrong Treatment, Bad Outcome: Why Sliding Scale Insulin Should not be Prescribed to College-Age Students For a patient with newly-diagnosed, type one Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) who is new to managing her insulin and diet, a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) would not be unusual. For a 19 year-old college student who went from suddenly losing weight (after a life of being overweight) to gaining weight (after trying to follow a rigid insulin and dietary regimen), a diagnosis of DKA is all but expected. The regimen she has been prescribed is too rigid for someone her age, and the suggested exercise regimen is absurdly lacking. Melanie would benefit from an explanation of the pathophysiology of DM1, the dangers of inadequate insulin and hyperglycemia, the benefits of a daily exercise regimen that can help her keep her weight down, and the possibilities of an intensive insulin regimen that is able to mimic her body’s normal pattern of insulin production, allowing her to lead a more normal life. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Glucose is the body’s main energy source. Glucose comes primarily from the breakdown of carbohydrates within the small intestine, from which it is absorbed into the blood stream. Maintaining a normal level of glucose within vascular circulation and having that glucose available to be used for energy is imperative for adequate system function. However, just because glucose has successfully been generated (via digestive processes) from food sources and released...
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...Gestational Diabetes is diagnosed when a higher than normal blood glucose levels are present. The process of diagnosing Gestational Diabetes is called a Glucose Challenge Test or GCT, where blood is taken an hour after the consumption if a glucose drink. If abnormal results are obtained, then an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test or OGTT is completed, this is a similar test; with blood taken before and two hours after the glucose drink is consumed. These tests are normally carried out between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, but may be done earlier for women with many risk factors for Gestational Diabetes. There are many ways to treat Gestational Diabetes, including; Diet, Exercise and Medications. By maintaining a healthy, balanced diet during pregnancy, the symptoms of Gestational Diabetes will be kept at bay and blood glucose levels will be kept within a normal range. Other perks of a healthy balanced diet during pregnancy are; the insurance that both the mother and baby are receiving all essential nutrients, and the mother will gain appropriate weight to be able to maintain and support the demands of pregnancy. Women with Gestational Diabetes are encouraged to eat smaller meals more often as it helps combat hunger and prevents the loss of weight throughout pregnancy. Foods that include Iron, Calcium and Folic Acid, low in fat, and moderate in carbs are all recommended as they will provide all the nutrients required for pregnancy. Having a Dietitian when experiencing Gestational...
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...COMPREHENSIVE INTERVENTION/TOOLS FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES This paper will discuss the ways by which diabetes can be treated or managed by using different approaches, the diagnosis, and ways to prevent complications of diabetes Here in America, Diabetes is a major cause of heart disease and stroke .Diabetes is among the leading cause of death in the United States. According to the statistics and facts provided by the NDEP (National Diabetes Education Program), it is stated that 25.8 millions of Americans have diabetes and in 2010 about 1.9 millions people of 20 years of age or older are diagnosed with diabetes. However, some studies have also proved that weight loss and increase physical activity can help prevent or even delay prediabetes patients from progressing or complication (cdc.gov/diabetes/2011). Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, non traumatic lower limb amputation due to infection, gangrene, loss of function etc. even the new cases of blindness among adults (cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs2011). Two groups of ages were used in this research for the diagnosed and the undiagnosed diabetes from the age of 20-65 years or older. In United States 2010, it is estimated that the total prevalence of diabetes people both the diagnosed and undiagnosed either in any racial/ethnical minority populations are likely to have diabetes, although the data available was not sufficient. For group age 20 or older, it is 25.6million...
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...Diabetes: Types, Risk Factors and Treatments Diabetes is one of the most common chronic medical disorders. Diabetes occurs either because of a lack of insulin or because of the presence of factors that oppose the action of insulin (Watkins 1). Clark explains that insulin is a hormone that is used to convert sugar and other food into energy. It is the body’s means of lowering blood sugar levels and when it fails, everything is out of balance (3). Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells for the body to use for energy. In order to have a better understanding of diabetes, it is important to know the types, risk factors and treatments. To begin with, there are actually three different types of diabetes. Type 1 and Type 2 are the most common. Gestational diabetes, which is only diagnosed during pregnancy, will not be discussed here. The clinical symptoms of diabetes can include frequent urination, unusual thirst, blurred vision, bruises that are slow to heal, fatigue and numbness of the hands and feet. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas (Tuch, Dunlop and Proietto 43). Simply put, when the cells are destroyed, the body does not produce insulin. Previously known as insulin dependent diabetes it is also referred to as juvenile diabetes since it is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. It affects around 15% of all people...
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...DIABETES TEST KIT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY ANALYSIS STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 1 SECTION A | GROUP 9 IIM RAIPUR Submitted by: Anshoo Saini 15PGP008 Gautham Balaji 15PGP015 Isha Tayal 15PGP018 Koundinya Niggamadda 15PGP026 Piyush Gaurav 15PGP037 Shekhar Suman 15FPM009 Index Industry Definition…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2 Industry Activities 2 Similar Industries 2 Market Participants 2 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 3 PESTEL Analysis 4 Industry Outlook 5 Products & Markets 6 Future Outlook 7 Competitive Landscapes, Success factors and Business Locations 7 Major Companies 8 Strategic Recommendations 10 Industry Analysis Industry Definition This industry develops and produces blood glucose meters and testing supplies that help users monitor blood glucose levels. Most manufacturers also develop other medical devices. Industry Activities * Diabetes market research * Glucose meter monitoring research and development * Glucose meter * Glucose meter accessory Similar Industries * Dental Laboratories * Diagnostic & Medical Laboratories * Dialysis Equipment Manufacturing * Health & Medical Insurance * Hearing Aid Manufacturing * Medical Device Manufacturing * Medical Instrument & Supply Manufacturing * Ophthalmic Instrument Manufacturing * Pacemaker Manufacturing * Robotic Surgery Equipment Manufacturing * Syringes & Injection Needle Manufacturing ...
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...I. Introduction Diabetes is on the rise in the United States and the resultant health problems are leading to visits to physicians’ offices and hospitals more than ever before. Diabetic neuropathy, a debilitating nerve disorder which can affect almost any part of the nervous system, occurs in nearly 50 percent of patients with diabetes. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is found in 12 percent of insulin dependent diabetics and 32 percent of those who are not, equaling approximately 3 million people in the United States. (Chen et al. 2007) The number of patients with other neuropathies, such as autonomic, proximal, and focal, comprises the other 1 million diabetic neuropathy patients, most of whom suffer in pain from the dysfunction of the nervous system. (Chen et al. 2007) This disorder’s elusive nature is such that it can not only present in any part of the body but it can be completely without symptoms that the average patient would report to their physician. Since the patients themselves are less likely to naturally disclose their suffering through their assumption that their symptoms are not relevant to their diabetic condition, the physician’s role in the diagnosis and recognition of this disorder is even more critical. II. Definition and Types of Diabetic Neuropathy The most common type of diabetic neuropathy is peripheral, considered, more generally, sensorimotor. Peripheral neuropathy causes pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs, hands, and arms....
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...Summary The common-sense model of self-regulation of health and illness was developed in the 1980s by Howard Leventhal and his colleagues (Diefenbach & Leventhal, 1996). It was based on Leventhal’s research from the prior decade that studied the effect of fear in relation to health related behaviors. The theory has various titles such as the, Self Regulation Theory, Common Sense Model of Illness Representation or Leventhal’s Theory (Hale et al, 2007). For ease of communication it will be referred to as the Common Sense Model (CSM). It’s primary goal and function is to explain how a person processes an illness threat. The CSM is centered on the individual and his or her idea of health and illness. It works under the premise that the individual is “an active problem solver.” CSM also theories an individual’s representation of the illness will be the primary cause of their actions and behavior and the process of illness representation will lead the individual to make common sense health behaviors. (Diefenbach & Leventhal, 1996). Self-regulation is the processing of information by a patient regarding their health and the actions that an individual takes to return to a normal state of health. A stimuli such as a symptom of an illness or a diagnosis starts a three-phase feedback cycle of self-regulation. First, the individual constructs a cognitive “representation” of the illness. Secondly, the individual acts and “copes” with the illness. In the third stage, the...
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...Diabetes transition Assessment of current best practice and development of a future work programme to improve transition processes for young people with diabetes. Transition in healthcare is only one part of the evolution from dependent child to independent adult (David, 2001). Submitted by Ruth Gordon, Ruth Gordon Associates Ltd to NHS Diabetes. Supporting, Improving, Caring August 2012 Acknowledgements This project was funded by NHS Diabetes and supported by Gillian Johnson, North East Regional Programme Manager. The expert panel was made up of a group of clinicians and others who provided information, commented on the process and contributed to the views included in this final report. Others have influenced the later stages of the work and will be involved in planning how to take this project forwards. Therefore thanks go to: • Fiona Campbell • Deborah Christie • Chris Cooper • Julie Cropper • Gail Dovey-Pearce • Jane Edmunds • Gavin Eyres • Sue Greenhalgh • Peter Hammond • Gillian Johnson • Susannah Rowles • Carolyn Stephenson • Helen Thornton • Peter Winocour • Alison Woodhead Without the two clinical leads, Peter Hammond from Harrogate and Fiona Campbell from Leeds, this work and report would not have been possible. Contents Executive summary Context Background and rationale Aims of the project Timing of the project Process undertaken for the project Evidence base and policy background Results from the snapshot research Good practice Examples of good practice...
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...important part of the body. If someone has diabetes he/she is more likely to have to foot problems. Diabetes can damage your nerves. This, in turn, may make you less able to feel an injury or pressure on the skin of your foot. You may not notice a foot injury until severe damage or infection develops. This may led to gangrene in the through simple injuries eventually amputation will be the final choice. So a diabetes patient always has to wear specialized footwear that can protect the foot in more sophisticated way. Diabetes changes your body's ability to fight infections. Damage to blood vessels causes because of diabetes results in less blood and oxygen getting to your feet. Because of this, small sores or breaks in the skin may become deeper skin ulcers. The affected limb may need to be amputated when these skin ulcers do not improve, get larger, or go deeper into the skin. Worldwide, 50% of all leg amputations happen to people living with diabetes. In India, an estimated 50,000 amputations are carried out every year due to diabetes related foot problems. By employing reconstructive and corrective footwear, to remove the high pressure points, a large number of such amputations can be prevented. Thus the patient can lead a near normal life, free from complications. WHO predicts that developing countries will bear the brunt of diabetes epidemic in the 21st century. Currently, more than 70% of people with diabetes live in low- and middle income countries. ...
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...Patrick Sullivan HSCI 331 Journal Critique The Potential for Glycemic Control Monitoring and Screening for diabetes at Dental Visits Using Oral Blood: By: Shiela M. Strauss, Mary T. Rosedale, Michael A. Pesce, David M. Rindskopf, Navjot Kaur, Caroline M. Juterbock, Mark S. Wolff, Dolores Malaspina, and Ann Danoff Vol. 105, No. 4, pp. 796-801. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302357 Diabetes has become a major problem in the United States. More and more Americans are affected each day because simple healthy lifestyle routines are not met. There are many undiagnosed Americans who do not know that they have or are susceptible to diabetes due to family history of the disease or their very own dietary disorientation. Glycemic control, a way to monitor blood sugar through diet and blood source, has proven to help people with diabetes and those who are pre-diabetic. The major public health issue which this research concerns is how to get early diagnosis and treatment through a more primary intervention for those who already have or are susceptible to diabetes. The study is important because Type 2 diabetes and other forms of the disease are preventable. Patients can only be helped if they are diagnosed, understand susceptibility, and are aware of the health problem. There is a known fact that most patients visit their dental provider more often than a primary care provider (PCP), some reasons being that dental visits are inexpensive and less invasive. The objective...
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...Type 1 Diabetes HS 200 Unit 8 Capstone Project: Type 1 Diabetes Kaplan University July 8, 2014 An abundant amount of research throughout the years of the disease, Type 1 diabetes, has been completed leading physicians and patients to a pathway of a better understanding of the disease, the diagnostic approaches as well as the management skills needed to control the disease and its effects on the body. As Type 1 diabetes is thought to be an autoimmune response, there is not currently a cure for the disease because the body is responsible for attacking the insulin producing cells. However, with lifestyle changes including exercise and dietary alterations can impact the prognosis of Type 1 Diabetes into a positive direction. A long, healthy life can be attainable with the proper management of the disease as well as following the suggested treatment plan. When symptoms, such as bedwetting, frequent urination and extreme thirst, are apparent an appointment with a family physician is highly recommended. When Type 1 diabetes is thought to be the diagnosis, the physician will order diagnostic testing through blood work to determine the level of blood sugar in the body to confirm the diagnosis. The most common laboratory tests used are a blood glucose test and the Hemoglobin A1C test (MedLine, n.d.). Both tests require a sample of blood by a needle inserted in the vein, primarily in the arm. Blood glucose tests are utilized to measure and determine...
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...previous award. Date …17/5/2015……. Managing the Needs of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus LO1 Type 2 diabetes is a serious chronic condition affecting the body’s ability to regulate blood glucose levels. According to Diabetes UK (2012), there were 2.9 million people in the UK diagnosed with diabetes in 2012, and this is estimated to increase to 5 million by 2025. Up to 90% of people with diabetes are thought to be type 2. According to Diabetes UK (2006), many are unaware they have the condition and it can lead to long-term complications including eye problems, kidney disease, foot ulcers and cardiovascular disease. Gregg et al (2005), states advances in preventative medicine have seen an effective reduction in the burden of risk from hypertension and hyperlipidaemia but the incidence of diabetes has continued to rise, driving cardiovascular rates. There has been much done in recent years to identify people who are at high risk of developing diabetes. This assignment will discuss the link between diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. It will also identify lifestyle and behaviour changes involving the multi-disciplinary team and structured patient education of diabetics. The case study for this assignment is Mrs Smith, newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and a family history of heart disease and diabetes. She leads a sedentary lifestyle, is overweight and has a poor diet (see appendix). The Health...
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...Nursing care plans for Diabetes Mellitus Submitted by lifenurses on Monday, 4 January 2010 2 Comments Nursing care plans for Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the level of blood glucose is persistently raised above the normal range. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with disordered metabolism and inappropriate hyperglycemia due to either a deficiency of insulin secretion or to a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion to compensate. Diabetes mellitus occurs in two primary forms: type 1, characterized by absolute insufficiency, and the more prevalent type 2, characterized by insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory defects. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (ADA], Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, 2003. Causes for Diabetes Mellitus The cause of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes remains unknown, although genetic factors may play a role. Diabetes mellitus results from insulin deficiency or resistance. Insulin transports glucose into the cell for use as energy and storage as glycogen. It also stimulates protein synthesis and free fatty acid storage. Insulin deficiency or resistance compromises the body tissues’ access to essential nutrients for fuel and storage. The resulting hyperglycemia can damage many of the...
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...Diabetes Mellitus The term "diabetes mellitus" refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose, commonly called blood sugar. Glucose is vital to your health because it's an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues. It's your brain's main source of fuel. (Turner, 2010, p.18) of you have diabetes, no matter what type, it means you have too much glucose in your blood, although the reasons may differ. Too much glucose can lead to serious health problems. Chronic diabetes conditions include type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Potentially reversible diabetes conditions include prediabetes — when your blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes — and gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy. (Turner, 2010, p. 22) Diabetes symptoms vary depending on how high your blood sugar is elevated. Some people, especially those with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, may not experience symptoms initially. In type 1 diabetes, however, symptoms tend to come on quickly and be more severe. Some of the signs and symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes include: Increased thirst Frequent urination Extreme hunger Unexplained weight loss Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there's not enough insulin) Fatigue Blurred vision Slow-healing sores Mild high blood pressure Frequent infections...
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...How to Diagnose and Treat Type 2 Diabetes How type 2 diabetes can be diagnosed? Does the lifestyle affect blood glucose level? Is insulin the only treatment? Generally, type 2 diabetes is one of the most common diseases, so people need to be aware of how can it be diagnosed. Regarding type 2 diabetes, there are variety of tests which can be used. (1-3-4) For example, glucose tolerance test and Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) are the main two diagnostic tests. (1-3-4) In addition, the patients also need to be aware of the available treatment such as lifestyle modifications and medications to maintain their blood glucose level. (2) It is important for the patient to be diagnosed early for better treatment. (1-3-4) The two main tests for diagnosing...
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