... Jennifer Nurse NUR408 January 2011 Nancy Nurse, EdD, RN, PHN, LSN Epidemiology: Global and Public Health According to the Centers for Disease Control, “diabetes affects 25.8 million people, 8.3% of the U.S. population” (Center for Disease control and Prevention, 2012, par 1). Twice as many African Americans are likely to develop diabetes than Caucasian Americans. These statistics represent how serious diabetes has become for the black community. Epidemiology can focus healthcare efforts and interventions to help lower the incidence of diabetes of the African Americans. This paper will focus on the role of epidemiology in the observation of the frequency of diabetes in the morbidity and mortality of American of African decent. This paper will also include the definition and description of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle, types of epidemiology, and prevention that is related with diabetes in the African American community. Definition and Description of Epidemiology Epidemiology is defined as, “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, p. 243). Epidemiology has provided an understanding of the factors, which contribute to health and disease, and the...
Words: 1930 - Pages: 8
...Running head: COMPETENCY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BSN AND ADN OR Competency differences between BSN and ADN or diploma degree Margaret Strelau Grand Canyon University Competency differences between BSN and ADN or diploma degree As of today, nursing has a long history of education and it has come a long way. In the beginning nursing was “regarded as the work of those in the lowest classes of society or in religious life” (Grand Canyon University: Canyon Connect, 2009-2011), and “there was little organization associated with nursing and certainly no social standing” (Grand Canyon University: Canyon Connect, 2009-2011). Florence Nightingale is recognized in nursing history, as one of her many achievements is the “organization and advancement of nursing education” (Grand Canyon University: Canyon Connect, 2009-2011) These days nursing education has moved from on the job training in a hospital to colleges and universities. As it entered the colleges and universities it required a baccalaureate (BSN) degree, which took 4 years to complete. “The severity of the nursing shortage in the postwar years encouraged faculty to develop new entry-level nursing programs.” (Cresaia & Friberg, 2010, p.15) A nurse by the name of Mildred Montag “revolutionized nursing education by the creation of the 2 year associate degree in nursing” (Grand Canyon University: Canyon Connect, 2009-2011). This allowed for a wide variety of people to receive a nursing degree, which would otherwise be unable...
Words: 1039 - Pages: 5
...Epidemiology Paper In this epidemiological paper, I will be discussing about my chosen vulnerable population of elderly and the disease of type II diabetes among elderly population. I will also be discussing epidemiology and what it means, the steps and methods of epidemiology and how it was done for my chosen population and disease. Ethical and legal considerations, how to provide culturally competent care, and at last, I will discuss whether the research was descriptive or analytical, and the process of feasibility and evaluation of prevention of diseases. As stated in Nursing Standard, epidemiology is a scientific research discipline concerned with observing, measuring and analyzing health-related occurrences in human populations (Last 1995, Trichopoulos 1996). Mausner and Kramer (1985) suggest that epidemiological studies can be applied to all diseases, conditions and health-related events (Whitehead, 2000). Although epidemiology is focused on observing, measuring, and analyzing, it also evaluates diseases and health services, rationalizes resources, and prioritizes as to how to formulate strategies for health promotion. Epidemiology can also help to determine the health of the population, planning of health policies and services, and maintaining a healthy environment for all. When it comes to nursing, epidemiology offers nurses many benefits in incorporating health practices into their professional roles, helps them in having a better understanding in regards to the disease...
Words: 1846 - Pages: 8
...prevalence rates of the illness in some counties exceed 20% (Bradley, 2010). Recent statistics show that annual direct expenditures on diabetes care total $116 billion dollars per year with an additional $58 billion per year in indirect costs due to lost productivity and increased mortality (Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX). The goal of this paper is to assess the development and implementation of current interventional strategies for diagnosing diabetes mellitus in affected populations in the southeastern United States. Outcomes of current programs will then be evaluated on a local, regional and national level. The final area of study will examine possible improvements to existing programs using culturally sensitive methodology to increase access to care within these populations and improve clinical outcomes while following evidence-based care guidelines. Diabetes mellitus is a costly illness, both in the number of lives affected as well as actual expenditures on health care and lost wages. In 2007, 23.6 million people were diagnosed with diabetes in the US and an additional 57 million Americans were classified as pre-diabetic (Bradley, 2010). Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death among all Americans (233,619 in 2007) and the fourth most common cause of death among African Americans (Bradley, 2010). It is believed that the actual mortality rate is under-reported in...
Words: 2976 - Pages: 12
...has a blood pressure higher than a safe range and a BMI below satisfactory level. This paper aims to highlight the facts and interventions which can be used for disease management for Mr Ward. Discussion The major challenge for maintaining a suitable glycemic control for diabetic patients is to restrict the progression of disease or development of the risk factors which turn pertinent over the course of time. The progression of disease can be restricted through considering the factors leading to weight gain, the pharmaceutical considerations, incurrence of glycemic conditions, and by taking into account the inherent restraints for administering exogenous insulin (Nichols et al, 2000). According to Davies (2004), there are number of factors which influences the consultation for diabetes patients amongst which the prominent ones include age, span of diabetes, the BMI, and measure of physical exercise. The glycaemic control remains the first and foremost target for every healthcare provider to enable insulin uptake in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. Janes et al (2013) have highlighted the significance of daily routine and activities in management of type 2 diabetes. In view of the author, a person’s way of managing the disease is influenced by his own perspectives aside from the medications and medical consultation he is relying on. The personal beliefs, ideas, culture, and family factors play a role in shaping patient’s behaviour towards disease management. The HBA1C...
Words: 2791 - Pages: 12
...Estimation of diabetic retinopathy with artery/vein classification in retinal images using Artificial Neural Network Leshmi Satheesh M.Tech Student,Dept. of Electronics & Communication Mohandas College of Engineering, Kerala University Trivandrum-695541, Kerala, India Email: leshmi24@gmail.com Abstract—Diabetic retinopathy is the single largest explanation for sight loss and visual impairment in eighteen to sixty five year olds . Damage of blood vessels in the eye and the formation of lesions in the retina are the earliest signs of diabetic retinopathy. Efficient image processing and analysis algorithms have to be developed for the automated screening programs to work robustly and effectively. For the detection of vascular changes...
Words: 3295 - Pages: 14
...Journal of Diabetology, June 2010; 3 :4 http://www.journalofdiabetology.org/ Review Article: Diabetes in Prevention Abstract: Pakistan: Epidemiology, Determinants and * R. Hakeem 1 , 2 , A . Fawwad 2 Epidemiology and determinants of diabetes in Pakistan have peculiar combination of risk factors. Strong gene and environment interplay along with in-utero programming in context of low birth weight and gestational diabetes are the main contributors of a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pakistan. The real burden of diabetes is due to its chronic complications leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The unique combination of various risk factors necessitates research studies to make appropriate risk assessment tools to control this diabetes pandemic. Better understanding of aetio-pathological genetic and environmental factors are suggesting prevention should begin much before the start of disease process and interventions in high-risk subjects alone will not be sufficient. It is necessary to initiate population based programmes for primary prevention of diabetes including a range of activities targeted at different age groups from fetal life to old age. Synchronized and coordinated efforts from public and private sectors are needed to combat this mammoth health and economic issue. Key words: Diabetes, Pakistan, Introduction: Escalation in rates of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes in Pakistan is posing threats to the economy and quality of life...
Words: 7881 - Pages: 32
...Improving Compliance to Treatment Plan in DM Patients Table of Contents Problem Identification 3 Literature Review 5 Critical Analysis and Evaluation of Literature 6 Formulation of Intervention Protocol for Clinical Problem 12 Proposed Intervention 12 Outcomes and Associated Evaluation Criteria 13 References 15 Appendix: Table 18 Improving Compliance to Treatment Plan in DM Patients INTRODUCTION The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011) identified diabetes mellitus (DM) as a major public health disorder in the United States that results in one’s shortage of insulin or...
Words: 5024 - Pages: 21
...Quezon City Science High School (Regional Science High School for NCR) Golden Acres Rd., Misamis st. Bago-Bantay, Quezon City SY 2013-2014 RESEARCH PROJECT Efficacy of Squash (Cucurbita maxima D) Seed Oil Extract in Lowering Blood Glucose Levels Bancolita, Joseph Albert A. De Leon, Krizia Nicolle E. Ilicito, Mari Norence G. Largoza, Marie Ysabel Beatriz M. Rahayel, Benjamin Nathanael D. Rivera, Rosa Maria L. Sidro, Keith L. ______________________ ______________________ Ms. Ma. Pilar P. Carmona Mr. Jaymar L. Galag Research Adviser Research Adviser APPROVAL SHEET In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements in Research II-B this research paper entitled, “Efficacy of Squash (Cucurbita maxima D) Seed Extract in Lowering Blood Glucose Levels” has been prepared and submitted by Joseph Albert A. Bancolita, Krizia Nicole E. De Leon, Mari Norence G. Ilicito, Marie Ysabel Beatriz M. Largoza, Benjamin D. Rahayel, and Keith L. Sidro. ______________________ ______________________ Ms. Ma. Pilar P. Carmona Mr. Jaymar L. Galag Research Adviser Research Adviser Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research II B ______________________ ______________________ Ms. Ma. Pilar P. Carmona Mr. Jaymar L. Galag Research Adviser Research Adviser ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This research project would not be feasible without the help of the following people. The researchers...
Words: 5616 - Pages: 23
...Whereas, gestational diabetes is another type of diabetes where there is a high blood sugar level which is diagnosed during pregnancy. Diabetes Mellitus which is a well-known chronic illness requires a comprehensive of medical care by the expertise team. The risk of long term complications needs full support from various professionals to conduct diabetes care. Acute complications can be prevented via ongoing patient self-management education and awareness of illness. Patient self-management education and problem solving skills development are necessary to be provided in diabetic clinic plan through a variety of strategies and techniques. Creation of a primary care diabetes clinic with trained paramedics who provide individual or group education, life-styles counseling, and diabetic complications screening will help to improve diabetic control and insulin acceptance. Many evidence-based studies have found that diabetic self-management education had significantly improved the clinical outcomes,...
Words: 11994 - Pages: 48
...Promotion In Nursing Practice To equate and distinguish, the author had to search literatures from the GCU library and Google. The author noted that there was a lot to learn about health promotion in the three articles. Today’s health promotion is not just restricted to preventing disease, restoring health, containing illness, concentrating health pedagogy, lifestyle and behavioral alterations, but has attempted a new paradigm, authorizing the patients by taking governmental and societal action to encourage health improving environment (Irvine, 2007). This paper focuses on the intention of the health promotion in nursing practice, roles and responsibilities of nursing evolving health promotion, implementing methods that encompasses all the domains of nursing, and compares the three phases of health promotion prevention of diabetes. There are various definitions given by authors and organizations regarding the health promotion but the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO, 1986), Ottawa charter is the popular one, which reads “Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.” This definition emphasizes on responsibility of patient health and also expands its role in healthy lifestyle changes for betterment...
Words: 1231 - Pages: 5
...reaction- Internal Response is a proactive response that causes the nurse to have an automatic response that is cognitive and affective (Alligood, 2010). According to the nurse’s interpretation of the patient's behavior, therefore, the nurse need to assess the situation first to gain an understanding of the problem. 4. Deliberative Nursing Process-Reflective Inquiry views the patient and nurse as a functional unit that draws from each other. The nurse’s behavior affects the patient, and the patient's behavior affects the nurse. To better understand the patient the nurse must focus on the actuality of the problem instead of assuming what the problem may be. This part of the theory is deliberate because the nurse must separate their immediate observation, thoughts, and feelings from each other (Alligood, 2010). Orlando (Alligood, 2010) brings to our attention as nurses that we should not assume that we have corrected the patient’s problem without the patient verbalizing so. She challenges nurses to avoid thinking that their thoughts are correct, “Actions based on the nurse’s conclusion, without the patient participation, are often not helpful” (Alligood 2010, pg. 343). 5. Improvement-Resolution takes place after determining and meeting the needs. The nurse validates by confirming with the patient...
Words: 1704 - Pages: 7
...Europe, the UK, the Pacific Islands, the Middle East, Australasia and China, as said by the UN-backed World Health Organization (WHO). A recent research reveals that Obesity in pregnancy causes a tremendous danger to the wellbeing of the unborn infant. Infants of overweight mothers are born as pre-diabetics or with severe birth imperfections that can cause kidney or heart disease, besides other troubles. These issues much strengthens in the age group 1year to 10 years. Overeating in pregnancy can have significant and numerous precarious health impacts on an unborn infant.[1] In this research paper, I have analyzed several factors of obesity in pregnant mothers that lead to health issues for their unborn infants and it will affect them through their lives. I have conducted a comprehensive interview with Executive Director of “The Consumer Wellness Center”, Mike Adams, who in detail describes the dangers associated with obesity in mothers and its effects on their children. Further a latest about the issue has been analyzed with a recommendation to mothers on how they can avoid this increasingly spread health concern followed by a comprehensive conclusion. Summary of Observations The most prominent finding of our analysis is the devastating consequence that mother’s pre-expectancy weight standing has on a minor’s risk of being plump. The infant of a mother who was fat pre-pregnancy is more or less two times as expected to be fat by the time they reach youth,...
Words: 2056 - Pages: 9
...College of Nursing End Stage Renal Disease 20 to Diabetic Nephropathy Presented by: Balgos, Rachelle Ann Dayto, April Feranil, Daniel Fulinara, Janice Fuentes, Maila Joy Garrido, John Paolo Mendoza, Kenneth Robert Nazareno, Jhon Ryan Olfindo, Kristine Joy Sombilon, Jorgette Kim *** In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement in NURS 60 for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Demographic Data 4 II. Chief Complaints 4 III. History of Present Illness 4 IV. Past Medical History 5 V. Developmental History 6 VI. Heredo-familial History 15 VII. Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns 16 VIII. Physical Examination 22 IX. Diagnostic Test 43 X. Anatomy and Physiology 75 XI. Pathophysiology 81 XII. Case Management 82 XIII. Nursing Care Plan 107 ABSTRACT “"The divine is not something high above us. It is in heaven, it is in earth, it is inside us..." - Morihei Ueshiba We, group 2 of Level III section 2, have chosen this case to gain more knowledge about the mechanism of End Stage Renal Disease and its process. Our patient C.C is a 51 -year old male who was diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus seventeen years ago and now has End Stage Renal Disease due to Diabetic Nephropathy. His disease leads to fluid accumulation to his lungs and edema on his extremities. Our group chose the case because it is also our...
Words: 13019 - Pages: 53
...Monique Nguyen 4-26-15 RD4 (without full discussion) Abstract Utilizing individuals’ cognitive maps (CM) of the neighborhoods where they live and work provides insight into how they traverse and utilize resources in those regionslocations. CMs are particularly useful for developing personalized obesity control and diabetes prevention programs by identifying gaps between resources and health. Cognitive mapping of program participants and their families will help identify features of their home, work, school, and community environments salient to them. Health navigators will be able to better support participants with information regarding various resources in the community (e.g free screenings, health fairs, nutrition classes, physical...
Words: 2926 - Pages: 12
