...Myocardial Infarction Mortality 1.0 Introduction In the UK, about 838,000 men and 394,000 women have had a myocardial infarction (MI) at some point in their lives, (NICE clinical guideline 48, 2007). The latest statistics from the British Heart Foundation state that approximately 227,000 people suffer from an acute MI (heart attack) each year (British Heart Foundation Statistics Website). To put this figure in to perspective this equates to one person every 2 minutes. Mortality is at approximately 30% which is 68,100 deaths in the UK per year. The National Service Framework (NSF) for Coronary Heart disease (CHD) is a 10-year programme published by the Department of Health in 2000 and has set key standards for the prevention and treatment of CHD. Access to the right treatment for those who suffer from an AMI, is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve clinical outcomes. People with diabetes mellitus constitute a group of patients who have a higher risk of having an MI and also a poorer prognosis post infarction. The higher death and complication rates appear to be multifactorial but a significant finding in the Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) Trial showed to reduce one year mortality by 30% (Malberg et al., 1995). It’s recommended 1.1 Primary Objective To determine the relationship between HbA1c and prognosis of patients in East Lancashire having a myocardial infarction. 1.2 Secondary Objectives To assess...
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...Persistent low-grade inflammation has been identified as a significant contributor to the development of several chronic diseases, (Niklas et al, 2005) including heart disease and type II diabetes (Woods et al, 2009). Inflammation is indicated by an increased concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-Reactive protein (CRP) in the bloodstream (Niklas et al, 2005). This elevation may be due to a number of factors, including increased visceral adipose tissue secreting cytokines (Niklas et al, 2005), decreased circulatory levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (4) This essays aims to show the role that exercise can play in reducing inflammation, and will examine this effect in an obese, type II diabetic population. This reduced inflammation will be looked at in terms of three different mechanisms; the first is a reduction of visceral fat from exercise, leading to a decrease in adipokine secretion, the second is the increased release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from skeletal muscle contraction, and the third is the release of adrenal hormones, leading to a release of anti-inflammatory catecholamines. Inflammation can be acute or chronic and is indicated by a ‘two-to four-fold increase in circulating pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines’ (Woods et al, 2009) and by the presence of proteins such as CRP. The inflammation response can be due to trauma or as a result of factors such as obesity. Obesity can lead...
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...Cancer VS. Diabetes Diabetes and cancer are common diseases with a tremendous impact on health worldwide. These diseases have more differences than similarities, but can have the same outcome if not taken care of properly. There is evidence that says people with diabetes are at a greater risk for many forms of cancer. Studies show that some medications used to treat diabetes are associated with increased or a reduced risk of cancer. The mortality rate of each has increased in recent years, but with proper diet and a healthy lifestyle, these diseases can sometimes be controlled. Diabetes and cancer have the same risk factors which include age, gender, race, obesity, lack of exercise, smoking and alcohol. You should lose weight and eat healthy if you are at risk for either of these two diseases. For your diet, incorporating fruits and vegetables is a step in the right direction. So far, there is no real cure for diabetes, but with regular medical care and taking care of yourself, you can manage your diabetes; reducing considerably, the risk of serious complications such as heart disease and stroke. Treatment for diabetes varies depending on what type of diabetes you have. Managing all forms of diabetes include regular monitoring of blood sugar levels; eating a well-balanced, healthy diet, and following a regular exercise program. Insulin is the most common diabetes drug. It can be injected or taken orally. Beyond medications...
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...REFLECTION INTRODUCTION The essence of this essay is to reflect on my 'lived' personal experience as a newly diagnosed patient with type II Diabetes. The author's assignment was to pretend to have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. As part of this exercise, the author was to maintain a record of exercise, food, and a regular blood sugar monitoring regime on daily basis. This reflection seeks to highlight the impact, experience and changes that occurred in the author's 'lived lifestyle of a patient with type II diabetes' and will include reference to current literature, research, theories and best practice. The author would explain the changes that occurred in her life and how experiencing type two diabetes has helped her to understand the challenges patients undergo in relation to their daily routine of monitoring their blood sugar levels. The author will explain how her 'lived experience' would help her understand and provide the necessary support for people with diabetes in the future. BACKGROUND INFORMATION I am a female non-smoker of African descent. I am married with two children aged 13 and 21. My thirteen-year old daughter currently lives with me in New Zealand. I am of an average height of about 163cm and weigh 80kg which signifies an unhealthy BMI of 30.1 (Health Information for New Zealanders, (n.d.) BMI Calculator section) I am currently out of job and often depressed as a result of my inactivity. I have a normal blood pressure of 136/78 and my pulse rate...
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...Nursing Informative Essay Imagine just for a minute being in a hospital. Have you ever wondered who is always taking care of different patients almost at the same time? Or how it is possible that medicine is so advanced compared to years before? I have the answer. The nurse is the person in charge of taking care of patients, and medicine is so advanced thanks to the technology we have nowadays. I chose to be a Registered Nurse (RN), but I know is not an easy job because they have to perform different job duties. Not everyone can become a nurse, in fact, to be one, you need some requisites first. Afterward, medicine has become improved because of the advances we have on technology. When people choose Registered Nursed (R.N.) as their career they have to perform various job obligations. According to a website called “Monster” registered nurses have to “provide direct patient care and report any changes in patient status to the doctor treating the patient”. The nurse also “needs to keep in contact with the patient to let the patient know he is in good hands and good care”. In addition to that, the doctor always “needs to be informed about any change in the patient’s health” so he knows what medicines give the patient to become healthy again. Additionally, the same website also addresses that “they also need to update the condition of the patient to their family members and about the trainings, medicines and precautions that the patient needs to take as per plan of care...
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...gym. Activities such as walking and running are cheap and more accessible. Cheaper than other activities because it only requires running shoes. People can walk and jog everywhere such as parks. In addition, they can socialize with their neighbors and bring their pets to go for a walk. Meanwhile swimming requires swimming gear. Swimming is popular not only because of helping people to lose weight but also help fat people to lowering their risk of injury when they are doing sports. However, biking or cycling is also an option because it a low impact exercise. But, the cost of equipment should be consider before buying those gears. As a result of modern era and suitable with all age groups, dancing is one of the most popular sport. Dancing is an aerobic exercise. After doing sports, there are some benefits such as increasing immune system, improving the function of the parts of the body, reduce stress, and make the body better. This essay will discuss about activities and benefits of sports. The first benefit is functioning immune system to ward off germs, bacteria, and diseases that are around the neighborhood. Sports affect the performance of the hormone in the body such as adrenaline and serotonin, which are useful for immune system. When the immune system increases, the body will be more resistant against disease. Minor ailments such as influenza can be easily attacked if the immune system is...
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...The essay focuses on the social construction of crime, and the possible reasons for these social constructions. In the first section, the essay explains what crime is, and the constructionist perspective theory. In the Second section my essay focuses on the crime as socially constructed and why it is socially constructed. In the third section essay explains, three levels of explanation in the study of deviant and criminal behaviour. In the final section, it focuses on the historical theoretical periods, which plays an important role in revitalising past discoveries. Crime is a term that refers to many types of misconduct that is forbidden by law. There are a number of different reasons as to why crime can be viewed as a social construction. There cannot be 'social problems' that are not the product of social construction - naming, labelling, defining and mapping them into place - through which we can 'make sense' of them' (Clarke, 2001). In this essay I will explain what is social construction, also what crime is, and why we think, that crime is socially constructed. Furthermore, I will explain how media construct crime and the stigma of black crime. In the last paragraph I will explore the importance of Marxist and Durkheim's theories on the emergence of crime....
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...Student ID No: 000764715 Programme: BSc (Hons) Nursing (Adult Nursing) Course Title: Patient Pathways of Care in Adult Nursing 1 NURS 1442 Cohort: 9/13 PGT Leader: Debbie Dorsett Submission Date: 25th August 2015 Word Count: 3250 This essay will be exploring a patient pathway in a clinical environment. The pathway to be investigated is the national diabetes pathway from the National Institution for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), which was published in February 2015 (NICE, 2015). I will also exploring local agendas and guidelines that are available from a local trust. I will be exploring one patient in particular, who cannot be named for confidentiality reasons, in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Councils (NMC, 2008) the code of conduct governing patient confidentiality, (NMC, 2008). Diabetes is growing in the United Kingdom (UK) at an alarming rate, (Diabetes UK, 2012). In 2010, evidence showed that approximately 3.1 million people in the UK aged over 16 years old have diabetes. By 2030, this figure is estimated to rise to 4.6 million, (National Health Service [NHS], 2014). It is important as an adult nurse, that I understand the pathway of diabetes as individuals with the condition are at risk of developing further health complications (Diabetes UK, 2012). This includes conditions such as heart disease, stroke and blindness (Diabetes UK, 2012a). A pathway is a “foreseen care placed in an appropriate time frame, written and agreed by a multidisciplinary...
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...Unit Title: Communications in Business 100 Assessment: Critical Essay Company: Pepsi Company Ltd Essay Title: Corporate Environmental Obligation: An examination of the performance of Pepsi Co Student Name: Chomansingh Mareachealee Student Number: 15570501 Semester: 1 2011 Campus: Charles Telfair Institute Tutor’s Name: Sarita Ramanan Tutorial Day and Time: Tuesday (11:30-13:30) GP 4 | | | | | | | Table of content | | | | | Content: | | | | | | Introduction | 2 | | | | | The case against Pepsi Co and its impact & implication: | | | | | | (A) Achieving positive water balance | 2&3 | | (B) Land & Packaging- Moving towards zero landfill | 4 | | (C ) Climate change- reducing the carbon Footprint of operations | 5 | | (D) Protecting Natural resources and health | 6 | | | | | | | | The case for Pepsi Co and its impact & implication: | | | | | | (A) Pesticide controversy in India and Carbon dioxide emission | 7 | | (B) Using Tap water for Bottling | 7&8 | | (C )Health issues and Recycling problem | 8&9 | | | | | | | | Conclusion: | 9 | | | | | References: | 10&11&12 | | | Re: Corporate Environmental Obligation: An examination of the performance of Pepsi company Introduction: Modern organizations have high considerations for societal contribution. Nowadays...
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...Abstract Throughout all of history people have been using and experimenting with drugs especially artists and musicians. Numerious musician have reluctantly admitted to or actually proclaimed their use of drugs. The general conscious of these “artists” is that their drug use has unlocked a higher level of creativity. As trendsetters and role models this use of drugs was emulated by audiences across the United States and Great Britain. To such a point as references to mind altering drugs were appearing in Beats poems and essays and even protest songs of the middle 1950s. As music progressed through the year’s drug use (by artists and fans) and references became more mainstream. This paper will look at two specific band, The Beatles and the Grateful Dead. Rock and Roll on Drugs Drug use and music have been intertwined for many years. This use whether illegal or legal has had both positive and negative impacts on the artists and their success. While the creative juices may be flowing while under the influence of drugs the final outcome (maybe years down the road) almost always ends on a negative note. Even dating back to 1830 when Hector Berlioz wrote his most famous work “Symphonie Fantastique” he detailed the effects of an opium induced dream, specifically in the fourth movement. In an interview on June 16, 1967, Paul McCartney was asked if he ever took drugs, he said “After I took it (LSD), it opened my eyes. We only use one-tenth of our brain. Just think what we could accomplish...
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...Discuss the impact of chronic medical conditions on adolescents (12-18yo) and identify ways of promoting resilience or positive development. Adolescence is a difficult time for individuals, according to Stage 5 of Erikson’s Psychosocial Development, this is a phase where individuals undergo identity difficulties. It is a period where the individual is undergoing transition and development, the individual also comes to terms with their new found sense of identity. In this stage the chronically ill adolescent attempts to differentiate between personal identity and the illness they have, and separate whether their condition is part of their identiy. (Vogel-Scibilia, McNulty, Baxter Et al, 2009). This essay will explore the adversity adolescents with chronic medical conditions must endure and overcome a series of obstacles in everyday mundane situations. This chronic medical condition becomes even more hindrance in the everyday functioning of the individual and for his or her family. However there are strategies that can be utilised to promote resilience and positive development for the individual. Adolescents with chronic medical conditions may have been affected cognitively, such as their perception on the world or their self-concept. Individuals with a chronic medical condition may have an altered perception of themself and hence result in them manifesting a low self-esteem. Chronically ill adolescents may have subsequently increasing the degree of separation between one’s...
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...The company chosen here is Gulf Pharmaceutical Industries (Julphar). Julphar is one of the largest pharmaceutical manufacturers in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and distributes medicines to over 40 countries. Established in 1980 in the UAE, its first stand-alone facility produced only five products. The decision to create Julphar came at a time when the UAE was making the transition from herbal medicines to conventional medicines, and the creators of Julphar wanted to invest in a sector which would generate long-term value for the Emirates. Over three decades later, it currently operates twelve internationally certified manufacturing facilities globally, produces over a million boxes of medicines daily and holds 3,483 product registration certificates. Eleven of the Facilities are based in the UAE and covers production areas including Tablets, Syrups and Suspensions. In 2013, Julphar launched a twelfth manufacturing facility in Ethiopia, as part of its ongoing international expansion strategy. Julphar maintains a diverse product portfolio which targets major therapeutic segments including endocrinology, anti-infective, cardiovascular and gastroenterology, over-the-counter, nephrology, dermatology, respiratory, metabolic and burn and wound management. Julphar’s core business is manufacturing and is into Generics. Generic medicines help in reducing the cost of manufacturing by allowing the company to buy raw material for their products from various raw material manufacturers...
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...Adjustment to Health Change or Crisis This essay will discuss a patient that I worked with during year two of my course, who has experienced a health change. I will also explore the psychological, social and physical changes to the patient and how adjustment was used on her lifestyle. Corsini (2002,p 20) defines Adjustment as “ Modifications of attitudes and behaviour to meet the demands of life effectively, such as carrying on constructive interprofessional relations, dealing with stressful problematic situations”. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Councils Code of Conduct (NMC, 2009) to protect my patient’s confidentiality, I will refer to the patient as Margret and her husband as Charles. Margret is a 62-year-old lady who is a recently retired shop owner. She has been married for 40 years to Charles. Margret lives with her husband in a 2- bed bungalow. Margret and Charles have three sons. The sons live abroad but Margret has regular contact with them via the Internet and telephone. Margret has no other close family around her. Margret is an active lady and enjoys walking, swimming and other light exercise. Margret had attended a Doctor’s appointment at her local General Practice (G.P.) as she had not attended a check up for well over 30 years. Margret has no other medical problems and has reported to feel fit and well, with no concerns. The Doctor decided to perform a full health check and take a urine sample. The urine sample had detected glucose. Following...
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...Bryant & Stratton College-Amherst ENGL250-T/TH: 12:00-1:15 Dr. Deborah Landowski July 12, 2012 Cheryl Matheis Objective Research Essay Pre-diabetes Are you very hungry? Are you very thirsty? Are you tired or don’t get enough sleep? Are you overweight or lack daily exercise? These are just a few symptoms you may experience if your body is trying to tell you something. You need to know what your body is saying and more importantly listen to it. Unfortunately, our body does not always tell us what we need to know; pre-diabetes is most often a silent condition with no symptoms. Pre-diabetes is when your blood sugar level is between 100 and 125 milligram per deciliter. A simple blood test can tell if you have pre-diabetes and detect if you are at risk of developing the lifelong disease of type 2 diabetes. According to health professionals at revolution health, the process begins when the pancreas can’t make enough insulin and/or when the body’s tissues can’t use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body’s cells use sugar “glucose” for energy. It also helps the body store extra sugar in muscle, fat, and liver cells (Rea, 2008). Most people with pre-diabetes do not have any symptoms but if diagnosed; can delay and in most instances can prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. Pre-diabetes is a warning sign that you are at risk for...
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...“Critical Reflection on my facilitation of learning: Including reflection on the observation, and learning from the module overall” The objective of this essay aim to explore the ideas of adult learning and facilitating learning in the workplace environment looking at the professional requirement .Using my’ facilitating learning’ module I am reflecting my ideas of how can I become a good facilitator in the workplace by implementing my knowledge and identifying the actions for the future practice. Reflection is “a process of examining an experience of practice in order to give account, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning about practice”(Reid 1993:305).I was very nervous before starting this course because I have not studied for 10 years or even written down any assignment and I found it is very interesting after I got a clear idea about the theory of adult learning(Knowles 1990) and the effective methods of transmitting knowledge from the mentor to a student. This assignment will first look at the personal and professional reasons why I want to undertake this module and it will reflect the importance of supportive learning in the workplace environment. NMC code of professional conduct in point 4.3 states that as a Registered Nurse you must ‘Communicate effectively with the patients and other colleagues and share your knowledge, skills and expertise with other members of the team as required for the benefit of patients and clients .it also saying that ‘you have a duty...
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