...Disease in the News Sharon Smith HCS/245 May 21, 2012 Windy Tanner Abstract This article reviews recent developments in the evaluation and treatment of chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) based on articles published between December 2010 and January 2012. The article informs the reader of the natural history, screenings and vaccination, treatment indications and endpoints about Hepatitis B. In this article it gives a breakdown of all the new advances with Hepatitis B. This article will review the new recommendations for screening for Hepatitis B and for first-line antiviral medications to use for treatment. The article also gives information on the updated evidenced-based guidelines for the management of chronic Hepatitis B virus. Disease in the News It is estimated that over 350 million persons are infected with chronic Hepatitis B worldwide resulting in 600,000 deaths each year from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As over 90% of infected newborns will develop chronic hepatitis, efforts for eradication have focused on universal vaccination and screening those born in endemic areas. Despite the availability of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine since 1981, over 4000 cases of acute Hepatitis B virus are still being diagnosed in the United States each year and more than 700,000 have chronic Hepatitis B (CHB). Currently there are seven approved Hepatitis B therapies that can manage 95% of chronic Hepatitis B cases yet 67% of US patients and nearly 90% of European patients...
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...Grading Criteria Disease Questionnaire The Disease Questionnaire is designed to test your current knowledge regarding disease and its impact on society, after you have completed the required readings. Be prepared to discuss the questionnaire in class. 1. WHAT IS THE EASIEST WAY TO PREVENT NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS? a. Taking a bath b. Hand-washing c. Eating right d. Using a tissue when sneezing 2. Actions that can lead to cancer prevention include which of the following? a. Protect skin from sun exposure b. Perform regular breast / testicular exams c. Do not smoke d. All of the above 3. What are three common predisposing factors that make a person more susceptible to disease? a. Age, stress, and ethnicity b. Stress, ethnicity, and physical features c. Age, stress, and heredity d. Heredity, physical features, and place of birth 4. This type of immune response is destructive instead of defensive: a. Specific Immunity b. Cortisol c. Allergy d. Phagocytosis 5. The number of cases of a disease occurring at a specific time in a certain population is its: a. Prognosis b. Prevalence c. Pathogenesis d. Promotion 6. Infection refers to which of the following? a. Relates to breathing mechanism b. Inflammation of tissue due to invasion of...
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...Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become thin, weak and break easily, most often from a minor fall. The most common broken bones are the spine, wrist or hip. Osteoporosis is often called a "silent disease." You can't feel or see your bones getting thinner. Bone loses density, which measures the amount of calcium and minerals in the bone. Osteoporosis typically affects the elderly, but it is not a normal part of aging. Many of the risk factor can be controlled; however age being one of the biggest risk factor is unavoidable, along with race and gender. Osteoporosis can happen to anyone, it has not age, gender or ethical boundaries. However it does tend to affect more women of Caucasian and Asian descent. It also affects women that are going through menopause. All of these risk factors are unavoidable. Men and other population can get osteoporosis; they are just at a slightly lower risk than Caucasian and Asian women. Certain medications such as oral or inhaled corticosteroid medications that may be necessary in treating other heath condition my lead to osteoporosis. Medication such as corticosteroids and steroids can affect bone density. Other genetic risk factors are family history of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Having a family history does not mean that you are automatically going to get the disease but it can be a factor. There are many controllable factors in reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Diet, exercise and other behaviors are at least as important...
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...1. Please describe heart bypass surgery. Heart bypass surgery is where people are connected to a heart-lung bypass machine, or bypass pump. The heart is stopped while you are connected to this machine. The machine does the work of your heart while your heart is stopped for the surgery. The machine adds oxygen to your blood, moves blood through your body, and removes carbon dioxide. 2. Did you learn anything new while watching the two videos on bypass surgery? If so, what did you learn? If not, where had you learned it before? Yes I learned I learned you can cut a little vein in the heart that leads to a leg and cut a hole in cut another hole sew it together so they can get better blood flow and . The bypass machine can withdraw patients’ blood from his body, oxygenate and pump it back in him into his heart on the other side so his heart won’t have to do work. 3. How likely do you think it is that you will end up a patient on an operating table like that in the future? Explain/Defend your response. I think I would be less likely even though I don’t vigorously exercise 5 times a week I still can eat healthy and it’s not a major disease in the family history. We have high blood pressure, cancer, and diabetes. They all can lead to it though if I don’t monitor what I eat and moderate exercise. 4. What is your reaction to the “Dear Sixteen Year Old Me” video? My reaction to this video it was sad but very informative. Many people doesn’t recognize when changes come to their...
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...| VET223: Animal Diseases, Pathology and Immunology Research Project | Cassandra Reid | | | | Student number; 21611523 | December 4, 2013 | | Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria immitis otherwise known as canine heartworm disease. It is a parasitic worm that lives as an adult in the right side of the animal’s heart, and large blood vessels leading to the lungs. The mosquitoes are the intermediate host for heartworms. The female adult worms in the heart and vessels microfilariae in the blood, which are immature worms that can live up to three years. The mosquitos feeds on animals and ingest the microfilaria which matures in the mosquito for about two weeks to become an infected larva. When the mosquito feeds on another animal the microfilariae is passed to that animal. There the microfilariae the larva develops over three to six months, and migrate to the right side of the heart. About six months the larva develops into an adult worm. The adult worm can live up to seven years, and produce microfilaria which completes the life cycle. Heart worms a very serious health issue. Which can lead to right ventricular dilation, hypertrophy, heart failure, and death. Clinical signs can occur within six months or latter from the time on infected. The physical signs can be very mild to severe depending on the number of adult worms present. Which can range from coughing, difficulty breathing, and abnormal heart sounds to death. There are several tests that...
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...Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease is the most common of heart diseases. Nearly 500,000 Americans die each year from CHD. This type of heart disease is caused by narrowing or clogging of the coronary arteries. CHD is the number one killer in both men and women in the U.S. these deaths could be prevented because CHD is related to certain aspects of one’s life. The risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, and no physical activities- all of which can be controlled. The heart needs a constant supple of nutrients and oxygen that is supplied by the blood that is carried to the coronary arteries. When the coronary arteries become clogged or narrow and cannot deliver enough blood to the heart, the result is CHD. When there is not enough blood reaching the heart, the heart will respond with pain call angina. This pain is usually felt sometimes in the left arm and shoulder or in the chest. However sometimes there are no symptoms, which is a condition called silent angina. Once the blood supply is cut off completely the results are a heart attack. CHD is the result of a process known as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis occurs when a person has fat like substances in the blood. This process is caused by a thickening which narrows the arteries over time by deposits of plaque. Plaque is a buildup of materials such as: * Cholesterol * Fats * Platelets * Cell wastes * Calcium At a young age plaque can start to deposit in...
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...Individual Paper: Chronic Diseases Dene M. Blakely SCI/163 July 25, 2011 Cognitive decline and memory loss are considered a normal function of aging by millions of people; especially with older generation. The term cognition simply refers to the ability to think. Therefore the word term cognitive decline simply refers to the concept of a decrease in the ability to think. According to Head Strong Web Site, “Cognitive decline is deterioration in cognitive function. There is a normal process of age related cognitive decline across the life-span characterized by increasing difficulties with memory (new learning) speed of information processing, language and other cognitive functions” (Head Strong, 2011). In this paper, we will explore in dept with cognitive decline, the risk factors associate with the disease, and treatments or approaches in coping with the disease. Description of Cognitive Decline Cognitive decline is a disease that decreases an individual ability to think. The disease is commonly found in older generations, after 70 years old. On the other hand, in a recent study, study indicates that cognitive decline can begins in late 20s. According to Science Daily Web Site, "This research suggests that some aspects of age-related cognitive decline begin in healthy, educated adults when they are in their 20s and 30s," said Timothy Salthouse, a University of Virginia professor of psychology and the study's lead investigator.” (Science Daily, 2009). Mild cognitive...
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...Disease in the News West Nile Virus Disease in the News – West Nile Virus The West Nile virus made its deadly debut in New York City September 27, 1999. The virus had never been seen in the Western Hemisphere of the United States. It is said to be usually found in Africa and Europe. When it made its debut, it was first believed to have been the St. Louis encephalitis. Experts at the Federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have confirmed the virus to be West Nile. Nearly twice as many people in the New York region have been stricken by the mosquito borne illness as earlier recognized (Fish, 1999). The outbreak of the West Nile had New Yorkers shocked that a mosquito bite could be so deadly. During the time of the outbreak, there were 37 confirmed cases of the West Nile virus in New Yorkers. Twenty-five of these New Yorkers were from New York City, eight from Westchester County, and four from Nassau County. Although there are confirmed cases, 162 cases were still under investigation and eight deaths had doctors still studying the tissue and blood of the victims (Albany Times Union, 1999). There are 70 types of mosquitoes living in New York, but only 30 of them carry the virus. The West Nile virus outbreak stemmed from prolonged drought, which produced a large supply of the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens. The Culex pipiens lives near people but generally feeds on birds. This particular mosquito is efficient at transmitting certain viruses...
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...General Purpose: To inform my audience on The Sickle Cell Disease Specific Purpose: After hearing my speech my audience will know more about the sickle cell disease Thesis: Sickle Cell Anemia is the most common form of The Sickle Cell Disease Introduction 1. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. 2. Sickle cell anemia is the most common form of sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease is a serious disorder in which the body makes sickle shaped red blood cells. “Sickle shaped” means that the red blood cells are shaped like a crescent according to www.nhlbi.gov 3. According to www.genome.gov approximately 80,000 americans have the disease. In the U.S. sickle cell disease is the most prevalent among Africans americans. About 1 in 12 African americans and about 1 in 100 Hispanic americans carry the sickle cell trait. Which means they are carriers of the disease. 4. When Sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessels, less blood can reach that part of the body. Tissue that does not receive a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged. This is what causes the complications of sickle cell disease. There is currently no universal cure for sickle cell disease. According to www.sicklecelldisease.org. Today, we will be talking about it`s symptoms and treatments 1. What are the symptoms of sickle cell disease A. According to kids health.org for a person to be diagnosed with the sickle cell disease they must have the following ...
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...Respiratory System & Disease Jeff Farmer Anatomy& Physiology II Casey Veatch March 14, 2012 As we live our busy lives, there are many things that we take for granted. Things like having running water, weather that’s live-able, weekends, TV with 100 channels, and NFL football. But one very important thing that we all take for granted is the involuntary process of our respiratory system and breathing. The automatic breathing regulation system allows you to breathe so you don’t even have to consciously think about it even when you’re asleep. Respiration is the process of taking in and using oxygen. There are three different phases of respiration: external respiration, internal respiration, and cellular respiration. External respiration is the intake of oxygen from the environment and the release of carbon dioxide. In internal respiration, oxygen is carried to the cells and carbon dioxide is carried away from the cells. In cellular respiration, oxygen is used in chemical reactions within the cells ( Tortora, 2008). Air enters the body through the nose. From here it is warmed, filtered, and passed through the nasal cavity. Air passes the pharynx, then through the upper part of the trachea containing the larynx and moves into the bronchi that carry air in and out of the lungs (West, 1993). Ventilation is the mechanics of breathing in and out. When you inhale,...
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...Case Study 5—Coronary Artery Disease It is midmorning on the cardiac unit where you work, and you are getting a new patient. G.P., a 60- year-old retired businessman, is married and has 3 grown children. As you take his health history, he tells you that he began feeling changes in his heart rhythm about 10 days ago. He has hypertension and a 5-year history of angina pectoris. During the past week he has had more frequent episodes of midchest discomfort. The chest pain has awakened him from sleep but does respond to NTG, which he has taken sublingually about 8 to 10 times over the past week. During the week he has also experienced increased fatigue. He states, “I just feel crappy all the time anymore.” A cardiac catheterization done several years ago revealed 50% occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA) and 50% occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. He tells you that both his mother and father had CAD. He is taking amlodipine, metoprolol, lipitor, and baby ASA qd. Setting: Hospital, outpatient cardiac rehabilitation Index Words: coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, angina, lifestyle modification, medications, laboratory values, assessment, risk factors, pacemaker 1. What other information are you going to ask about his episodes of chest pain? [k] P Precipitating events What events or activities precipitated the pain (e.g., argument, exercise, resting)? Q Quality of pain What does the pain feel like (e.g., pressure, dull,...
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...Carol Porter 11/10/14 Sociology of Addiction Position Paper Is Drug Addiction a Disease/Choice? People argue whether drug addiction is a disease or a choice. Today, I will be discussing this argument in hopes to have a better understanding as to why this topic is so controversial. Throughout my research, I easily found information on this topic and I am still not sure I have found any answers. Addiction can be defined as a behaviour that creates physical and psychological pleasure. However, this is where the cost to the individual visibly outweighs the benefits. Only psychoactive drugs that affect the brains pleasure zones will resort to dependence of substances. These substances include anything from alcohol and nicotine, to a variety of legal and illegal drugs. Even though there is a large amount of information on substance use for individuals there is not one individual theory that is singled out in regards to addiction. The definition from the dictionary describes addiction as a condition of being habitually or compulsively occupied with, or involved in something. Addiction itself can be defined as unmanageable, compulsive and an act that is carried out even when it threatens the individuals health and wellbeing or the potential harmful social consequences it could pose. ...
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...Taking a comprehensive look at the quality of healthcare for our senior citizens and answering the question why the United States has a epidemic of obesity and how we can stop it. Today, the health care systems have advanced by prolonging life expectancy and quality of life. Though, providing health care is not cheap and easy to do. Cost, accessibility, and quality is a challenge that they face in order to provide the people with healthcare. Learning and being aware of disease trends can provides us with invaluable knowledge in treating our elderly and preventing obesity in today's society.. The major tend that will influence healthcare in the future of the United States is when the generation known as the"baby boomers", who are the the fastest growing age groups and adults born between (1946 and 1964) will turn 65 in 2011.(1) This group of seniors will also have chronic health conditions as they age that will be the major cause of illness, disability, and death in the United States. The nations population is estimated to increase to to increase to 392 million by 2050 because life expectancy is projected to increase from 76.0 years in 1993 to 82.6 years in 2050. In 2050, life expectancy in the low assumption would be 75.3 years and in the high assumption would be 87.5 years. “About 30 percent of the population in 1994 were born during the Baby Boom. As this population ages, the median age will rise. People born during the Baby Boom will...
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...provides.. by producing.. picks up what.. Lymph nodes- should be- if they are this may be .. * * * * * * * * * enlargment of lymph nodes is called.. PIH-headaches- mostly due to = * -evertyhing is= -pain is= -ocurrs with= * -lasts= -by= -causes= -pain is= -located= * -lasts= -pain is= -there is no= -located= bloody nose Bruit= sound like -due to= -which will= =and will= -use what part to listen= Crepitation/ TMJ syndrome= may indcate= TMJ= Causes of tracheal shift=it is maybe to due to * * * * * -is a = -what happens with the trachea= Hyperthyroidism= is the gland is= person is= weight= bowel movement= dieases= eyes= hair= feels= hypothyroidism= is lowers the- loss of- deficiency of- mostly in- person is- weight- feels- dieases- temperal artery should feel= should not be- can lead to if it is- thyroid gland is the must be- palpating for- if there is may indicate- enlargment of the thyroid will appear when.. neck ROM should not - if there is- carotid artery should not.. listen for.. look for.. may indicate.. hydrocephalus is caused by- acromegaly is due to bells palsy is affecting the parkinsons disease is decreses in it is a cushing syndrome is looks like brain attack is causes hashimotos thyroiditis is an mostly occurs in someone with.. mostly in.. fetal alcohlol syndrome is.. happens when.. effects the...
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...organizations should become involved in the health and well-being of their participants. The intended audience is Pastors, Bishops, Deacons, and congregations’ in general. Some believe that God made us in His image so we should not only focus on the spiritual aspect of worship but also on the physical aspects as well. A Pastor once said that an unhealthy member cannot focus on tithing or on God’s business because they are focusing on their own agenda. The African American faith based community must come together to eliminate health disparities not only to help their congregations to focus on the spiritual, but to become better people in an ever growing global economy. Recent studies show the effects of dieases on the general population of South Carolina and the nation. We are bombarded daily with facts about living healthier lifestyles and the effects of unhealthy habits. First Lady Michelle Obama has started an initiative to fight childhood obesity. An interesting fact is that there is a great difference in the mortality of Caucasian individuals and those of African American decent. A fact sheet written by the South...
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