...within Cultures Denise Harper Grand Canyon University Abstract The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast high-risk behaviors of various cultures. The cultures that will be outlined are (African American, Amish, Appalachian, Arab, Chinese, Japanese, Jewish, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and, Russian). Influencing factors such as; education, family roles, and health care practices will be discussed in order to give a better picture of the high risk behaviors of the cultures mentioned. High Risk behaviors can create a hardship on health care professionals and each culture behaviors will be evaluated to show these hardships. It is the responsibility of heath care professional to understand the behaviors of their patients and this paper is an attempt to bring awareness of such behaviors. There are many influencing factors that form the high risk behaviors of a culture. Some influencing factors to high risk behaviors can be education, family roles and, health care. The history of a culture can also be an influencing factor. The level of education can determine what a culture identifies as “good health”. In most cultures family is key and most family gatherings include lavish meals. There are many different health care practices that are adopted by cultures, some can be harmless but some can be harmful. High risk behaviors can cause a hardship on health care professionals and understanding them could prevent these hardships. African American ...
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...Emerging Standards of Care According to the U.S department of Health and Human services Office of Minority Health, "Integrated health care approaches must respect the whole person, work across the life span, include prevention and early intervention methods, and be person-centered, strength-based and recovery focused," (Sanchez, Chapa, Ybarra, & Martinez, Jr., 2012, p. 5 ). In this healthcare model, the patient must be treated not only according to the standards of nursing practice but integrate into the care, respect for the individual's belief system as well as their culture. "Providers that respect the cultures, languages and worldviews of the people they serve are more successful in engaging and activating individuals, families and communities to be an active participant in their own health care," (Sanchez, Chapa, Ybarra, & Martinez, Jr., 2012, p. 5) By integrating into care the individuals beliefs and needs, the professional can create rapport with the individual in such a way that encourages the individual to be active in their own health decisions based on the professional's medical knowledge and the individual's belief system. Culturally competent care is care that is respectful of and responsive to an individual's health beliefs, practices, and needs. This type of care is sensitive to the individual's ethnic and religious beliefs as well as cultural beliefs that have been shown to engage individuals into participating in their healthcare. The skill to deliver culturally...
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...Kittler, Pamela G., and Sucher, Kathryn P. (1998). Food and Culture in America: A Nutrition Handbook, 2nd edition. Belmont, CA: West/Wadsworth. Klimis-Zacas, Dorothy J., ed. (2001). Annual Editions: Nutrition 01/02. Guilford, CT: McGraw Hill/Dushkin. Lowenberg, Miriam Elizabeth; Todhunter, Elizabeth Neige; Wilson, E. D.; Savage, J. R.; and Lubawski, J. L. (1979). Food and People. New York: Wiley. Schlosser, Eric (2001). Fast Food Nation: The Darker Side of the All American Meal. New York: Houghton Mifflin. The overall pattern of food that a person eats is more important to a healthy diet than focusing on single foods or individual nutrients, according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics in its newly updated position paper "Total Diet Approach to Healthy Eating." According to the position paper: "In contrast to the total diet approach, classification of specific foods as 'good' or 'bad' is overly simplistic and may foster unhealthy eating behaviors." The Academy's position paper stresses that moderation, portion size and exercise are the key concepts for balancing food and beverage intakes. The position paper has been published in the February Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and can be found on the Academy's website. It states: It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that the total diet or overall pattern of food eaten is the most important focus of healthy eating. All foods can fit within this pattern, if consumed in moderation...
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...memories of hunger and the realities of American plenty merged together to shape the ethnic identities of millions of American women and men from Italy, Ireland, and Jewish Eastern Europe" (p. xvii). Sensitive to the physical and the existing predicament of hungry people, Diner strengthens our understanding of the influence of American abundance on immigrants by arguing that culturally specific memories of the European past determined Italian, Irish and Jewish food ways in the U.S. In this essay I will discuss how the European Jewish immigrants and the Italian immigrants dealt with the issue of identity formation. For the Italians food was a significant factor in strengthening ethnic identity and community in the United States because to them food was very significant. Family and food play a large role in Italian life. Diner says, “The matrix of food family-sanctity served as an Italian peasant ideal, in part because it is so often lay beyond the grasp of the poor.” (p. 35). In other words, even the poor people of Italy found the appreciation of food to be a very important part of Italian culture. When the Italian immigrants entered America they impacted communities in the United States by the way of food. The most prominent Italian food is macaroni. Many macaroni factories were opened in America and represented the Italian culture. America changed Italian culture because the food was much cheaper in America. Italians were eating the food they considered sacred everyday, compared...
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...and Social Responsibility August 21, 2014 Instructor Lisa M. Sparaco “In an attempt to improve its global image, McDonald’s culture outside United States has been closely linked to the possibility of it bringing changes in dietary trends. Statistics shows that the governments and the health care advocates are feared to voice their concern over the increasing number of health problems that are associated with fast foods. Childhood obesity and the possibility of such issues will likely double in the next decade” (Johansen, 2012). The rapid changes in dietary trends and the rise of health complications have made people call on fast food companies to regulate their food production. In fact, McDonald has responded to the issue by introducing healthier food options, using poised lifestyle messages on their marketing campaigns and raising funds to assist children with life-threatening complications. This paper will examine diet or nutrition as an aspect of culture and how it affects the interactions between McDonald’s and customers outside the U.S. The dietary changes as a result of the introduction of fast foods into new areas of the world and the subsequent health complications has put pressure on McDonalds to adopt several strategies to ensure that people conform, and buy their products in markets outside the United States. In dealing with the dietary changes and their effects, including obesity, the company’s marketing strategies have been blamed highly for targeting and influencing...
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...like what the writer has described in Chicken toenails, anyone? Surely, I admit that some of Sedaris David’s experiences in China are quite common. However, judging another nation’s culture on basis of one’s own cultural background is improper and even unacceptable. Every nation has its own peculiar dietary style. China also has its own traditional foods, which maybe against western concepts of foods. But the writer in the essay shows readers some kind of Chinese foods, such as duck tongues in Chengdu and the dish made of organs of the rooster in the Farming Family Happiness, which in his view make him uncomfortable and even disgusted. Besides, he always stresses that “Like most westerners I tend towards herbivores”, and things like that make me think that the writer is just judging Chinese eating traditions following western standards or American taste, which is unfair to China and unconvincing to readers. Different nations have different dietary styles. For example, Americans like beef and the turkey on Christmas Day, Japanese prefer sashimi, South Koreans eat dog meat, but Chinese people like eating pork and organs related to pigs. Therefore, I think that the writer has no need or right to judge and criticize Chinese foods. We cam taste different foods and make some commends, but denying these foods just according to one’s own preference is improper. Sanitation problems in Chinese restaurants that the writer refers to in the essay do exist, and we also know that some restaurants...
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...I chose Amish culture from this week's readings to discussing the food or dietary beliefs and practices for the Amish culture. I have not had the pleasure to care for anyone with Amish heritage. It was very interesting reading about their dietary beliefs, and food traditions. Many Amish Americans welcome sharing food traditions. Food and meals are very important among their culture. According to Purnell, food is recognized for its nutritional value (2008, p. 85). Growing their own produce in large gardens has been a tradition for decades. They call it their connection with the earth. “They believe that God expects people to be the caretakers of the earth and to make it flourish” (Purnell, 2008, p. 85). I agree we are earth’s caretakers. They enjoy sharing a meals at social gatherings that has a significant social meaning. “Because visiting has a highly valued cultural function, occasions occur during most weeks for Amish to visit family, neighbors, and friends, especially those within their church district” (Purnell, 2008, p. 85). I respect this time of bonding with family and friends. Amish meals are usually prepared in an old-fashion traditional manner. Their kitchens have gas or wood ovens, since the Amish do not rely on electricity. “In fact, most Amish homes are not furnished with electric and electronic labor-saving devices and appliances” (Purnell, 2008, p. 75). In these Amish homes the women prepare large servings of meats, starches, and an assortment...
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...Pollan gives up meat for a while, inspired by an argument of Peter Singer: "No one in the habit of eating an animal can be completely without bias in judging whether the conditions in which that animal is reared cause suffering" (312). Yet he identifies himself as "a reluctant and, I fervently hoped, temporary vegetarian" (313), so it's not at all clear that the experiment does anything to lessen his bias. As a vegetarian, Pollan struggles with the social ramifications of eating differently. He points out that "my new dietary restrictions throw a big wrench into the basic host-guest relationship" (313) and decides, "I'm inclined to agree with the French, who gaze upon any personal dietary prohibition as bad manners" (313). Yet he'll find himself able to justify only a very limited kind of meat-eating, which likewise represents a "personal dietary prohibition." He then proceeds to discuss his alienation from traditions like the Passover brisket, apparently not allowing for the possibility that traditions might evolve over time. This rigid view of tradition is an odd one considering his plans to hunt an unkosher pig. Pollan then moves on to a discussion of animal rights philosophy. He claims to be debating Peter Singer, but he'll quote Matthew Scully when it better suits his point, never acknowledging any significant difference between the writers. Other times, he'll just quote Singer out of context. Pollan eventually argues for meat-eating on the grounds that it serves the...
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...1 The traditional and contemporary food habits of African Americans compared with the typical American majority diet Introduction I have chosen to write on African American food habits because I believe their food tells a story of endurance and adaptability during hard times. I’ve heard the word ‘soul food’ bandied about without actually knowing what the essence of it was. I would like to see what it’s unique features are and to know more about the possible cultural, social and other factors that informed early food choices. There are 41.6 million African Americans which amounts to about 13 percent of the total population. Traditional Food Habits The basis of African American food is ‘soul food’, a term that relates to the ingredients and method of cooking (Airhihenbuwa, Kumanyika, Agurs, Lowe, Saunders, & Morssink, 1996). Traditional soul food was made up of unwanted food given to the slaves by their masters such as the discarded parts of animals, such as pigs’ feet, head, ears and intestines. They were not allowed to consume fresh meat at first. Frying of food and discarded meat without trimming it or removing the skin was a popular preparation method (Bovell-Benjamin, Dawkin, Pace, & Shikany, 2009). African Americans were not allowed to eat the best foods and meat. Later chicken became the essence of this diet. Fried chicken, fried cornbread and cracklings (fried pork skins) were popular and sweet potatoes too. There were lots of meals around fatbacks, beans and chitlins...
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...跨 文 化 交 际 Title: The differences between Chinese and Western food Name: 中诚纯子 Number: 120090202203 Department: Foreign Language Department Class/major: 09’ English-2 Finish Time: 2011-12-21 [Abstract] During the 5000-year-old glorious history, China has got rich and profound food culture. In the other hand, western nation has created its self-system food civilization as well. Nowadays, high-level restaurants and cafeteria here and there are the place that white collar get together, and the popular KFC and McDonald’s becomes children’s favourite. Under the globlization, the diet structure and the eating habit of mankind has been converted with the expansion of culture.The paper aims to make an analysis to the differences of food culture between the Chinese and Western as well as the mutual supplementation and combativeness of these food cultures under the globlization. It also can promote the mutual understanding between the people of the East and West. A thorough analysis with the contrasting methods of the differences of these different food culture has been made. [Key word]: Chinese and Western food cultures; Cross-cultural communication; Differences [摘要] 5000年的历史使中国早已有了博大精深的饮食文化；而另一边，西方国家的逐渐崛起也使它们拥有了自成体系的饮食文明。 然而今天除了中国传统的小吃外，西方的食品在中国也随处可见了，高级的西餐厅﹑咖啡馆成了白领的聚集地；更明显的是那些肯德基、麦当劳，几乎已经成为小朋友的最爱。在全球化的条件下，人类的饮食结构甚至是习惯开始随着文化的发展而逐渐变化着。本文旨在通过分析中西方饮食文化的差异以及在现代社会的影响下这些饮食文化的互补和兼容来了解饮食文化的...
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...CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK............................................................................ 02 3. GLOBALIZATION OF FOOD SYSTEMS IN CONTEXT................................ 03 a. Urbanization.................................................................................................. 03 b. Economics, health and education................................................................. 04 c. Employment................................................................................................... 05 d. Technology and facilitating mechanisms..................................................... 06 4. CHANGES IN DIETARY PATTERNS ............................................................... 07 a. Dietary convergence ..................................................................................... 07 b. Dietary adaptation ....................................................................................... 08 i. Lifestyle changes and adaptation of meal patterns........................... 08 ii. Street foods......................................................................................... 09 iii. Supermarkets ..................................................................................... 09 iv. Fast food industry .............................................................................. 09 v. Role of advertising...
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...(Betancourt, Green, Carrillo, 2002). As a consequence, care providers need cultural assessment tools that will enable them to elicit sensitive racial and ethnic information. The Heritage Assessment Tool provides care givers with such a tool. This paper examines the application of this tool on three different cultures and discusses its usefulness in planning for the maintenance, protection, and restoration of the health of diverse cultures. Three families of Mexican American, European American, and African American heritages were assessed using the Heritage Assessment Tool. The tool consists of 29 questions that determine how deeply an individual identifies with a certain tradition and answers to the questions provide cues on patients’ health traditions. The tool is based on the understanding that all patients are unique cultural beings, with personal health traditions and affected by cultural phenomena (Spector, 2013). The tool reveals an individual’s traditional health and illness beliefs and practices, and is important in deciding the suitable community care resources (p. 376-378). After performing a heritage assessment on the Mexican American, European American, and African American families, common health traditions based on cultural were...
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...Name: Professor: l Course: Eng-103 Date:12/03/2015 Taste Education Taste education as propagated by Slow Food Movement is the act of bringing food back to its roots. The critical aspect in the taste education debate deals with the way culture relates to food. Taste education protagonists argue that there is disconnect between the younger generation and the sources of what they term as fair food systems. Ideally, the future is at stake regarding the young people not understanding the food systems in a much easier way. People tend to be very busy on a daily basis, that little time is spent on refining and expanding knowledge of food thereby appreciating food. As mentioned early, food must involve aspects of culture, pleasantness, and pleasure. The reason as to why the taste education debate is controversial is due to the increasing rate of fast and junk foods that have been identified as serious threats to the health of both young and the elderly. Younger people tend to lack the knowledge of cooking when they grow. It affects them regarding understanding the quality of food they are expected to eat. The underlying fact is that there is a failure on the part of the parents who are to blame for the lack of this knowledge. That begs another question; does it mean that the parents too lack the expertise to cook? On an analytical perspective, taste education is an aspect that truly lacks in our education systems and among the general human fraternity. There is a growing crop of...
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...the increasing rate of obese Latino children in the United States. In the past several decades and according to the State of Obesity “38.9 % of children ages 2-19 are obese in the Latino culture.” The rates of severe obesity are higher amongst these children compared to the White American children. Nearly one of four Hispanic households are considered to have food insecurity, meaning the amount of income they depend on is limited and not enough, therefore making it impossible for these families to obtain the adequate healthy food necessary for the proper nutrition of their children. There has been an enormous link between income of Latino families and the choices of food they make. "In 2000 thru 2004 two out of every three food Latino children consumed included pizza, desserts, chips, burgers, soda and or juice."(State of Obesity, 2014) Disparities in health and disease between the Hispanic populations have become a significant focus of public health. We need to be aware of how diet and nutrition amongst the Hispanic families and their children contribute to many health issues. According to the Healthy 2020, the goal is to “Promote health and reduce chronic disease risk through the consumption of healthful diets and achievement and maintenance of healthy body weights.” “Given that food is etiologically linked to many health conditions, one consequence of diet-related disparities is that groups that experience these disparities also tend to have higher incidence, morbidity...
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...Module 2 Learning Objectives: 1) Distinguish between Dietary Reference Intakes and the Daily Values. 2) Describe the RDA, AI, UL, EAR and AMDR. 3) Demonstrate how to read Nutrition Facts labels. 4) Discuss how foods are grouped in the USDA Food Guide. 5) Describe how the USDA Food Guide addresses the components of a healthy diet—adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation, and variety. 6) Discuss how the USDA Food Guide can be applied to groups with different personal and religious food preferences. 7) Demonstrate how the United States Food Exchange System can facilitate calorie control. 8) Discuss the role of portion control in good nutrition. Nutrient Recommendations Nutrient recommendations are benchmarks by which healthcare practitioners, including dietitians, can evaluate an individual’s nutrient intake with their nutrient needs. Some nutrient recommendations also apply to populations of people rather than individuals. The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) is a SET of lists used to establish nutrient recommendations. The DRI includes the following tables: 1) Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). These are nutrient recommendations for individuals that group nutrient needs by age and sex. They are based on scientific research and concrete evidence. 2) Adequate Intakes (AI). These are also nutrient recommendations for individuals. The recommendations are grouped by age and sex just like the RDAs. However...
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