Different types

of

disorders

Project in Elective

Definition: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare condition in which a baby is born without the ability to properly break down an amino acid called phenylalanine.
Described as an inborn error of amino acid metabolism, phenylketonuria (PKU) was the first genetic disorder found to be due to a specific enzyme deficiency, resulting in a patient's inability to metabolise a specific amino acid appropriately. Classical PKU is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Over 70 different mutations on the PAH gene found on Chromosome 12 have been found to cause the almost complete absence of PAH as seen in PKU patients. PKU patients deficient in PAH are unable to metabolise the amino acid phenylalanine leading to an accumulation of phenylalanine and it's metabolites within the body. PKU is an example of an autosomal recessive disorder.

Causes
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is inherited, which means it is passed down through families. Both parents must pass on the defective gene in order for a baby to have the condition. This is called an autosomal recessive trait.
Babies with PKU are missing an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is needed to break down an essential amino acid called phenylalanine. The substance is found in foods that contain protein.
Without the enzyme, levels of phenylalanine and two closely-related substances build up in the body. These substances are harmful to the central nervous system and cause brain damage.

Symptoms
Phenylalanine plays a role in the body's production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin and hair color. Therefore, infants with the condition often have lighter skin, hair, and eyes than brothers or sisters without the disease.
Other symptoms may include: * Delayed mental and social skills * Head size significantly below normal * Hyperactivity * Jerking movements of the arms or legs * Mental retardation * Seizures * Skin rashes * Tremors * Unusual positioning of hands
If the condition is untreated or foods containing phenylalanine are not avoided, a "mousy" or "musty" odor may be detected on the breath and skin and in urine. The unusual odor is due to a build up of phenylalanine substances in the body.

Exams and Tests
PKU can be easily detected with a simple blood test. All states in the US require a PKU screening test for all newborns as part of the newborn screening panel. The test is generally done by taking a few drops of blood from the baby before the baby leaves the hospital.
If the initial screening test is positive, further blood and urine tests are required to confirm the diagnosis.

Possible Complications
Severe mental retardation occurs if the disorder is untreated. ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) appears to be the most common problem seen in those who do not stick to a very low-phenylalanine diet.

Treatment
PKU is a treatable disease. Treatment involves a diet that is extremely low in phenylalanine, particularly when the child is growing. The diet must be strictly followed. This requires close supervision by a registered dietitian or doctor, and cooperation of the parent and child. Those who continue the diet into adulthood have better physical and mental health. “Diet for life” has become the standard recommended by most experts. This is especially important before conception and throughout pregnancy.
Phenylalanine occurs in significant amounts in milk, eggs, and other common foods. The artificial sweetener NutraSweet (aspartame) also contains phenylalanine. Any products containing aspartame should be avoided.
A special infant formula called Lofenalac is made for infants with PKU. It can be used throughout life as a protein source that is extremely low in phenylalanine and balanced for the remaining essential amino acids.
Taking supplements such as fish oil to replace the long chain fatty acids missing from a standard phenylalanine-free diet may help improve neurologic development, including fine motor coordination. Other specific supplements, such as iron or carnitine, may be needed.

SCREENING
- Early diagnosis of phenylketonuria (PKU), is important because it is treatable by dietary means.
- All newborns in the UK are screened. Phenylalanine levels are measured in a heel-prick blood test.

Prevention
An enzyme assay can determine if parents carry the gene for PKU. Chorionic villus sampling can be done during pregnancy to screen the unborn baby for PKU.
It is very important that women with PKU closely follow a strict low-phenylalanine diet both before becoming pregnant and throughout the pregnancy, since build-up of this substance will damage the developing baby even if the child has not inherited the defective gene.

MANAGEMENT:
Medical/Nursing

- Treatment is by restricting intake of phenylalanine using a low-protein diet. This is very effective at lowering levels of phenylalanine in the body and allows normal growth and development of the child.
- Any high-protein foods such as meat, cheese, poultry, eggs and milk are not permitted.
- The diet is supplemented with artificial protein containing no phenylalanine.
- In the UK the provision of services for the treatment of phenylketonuria varies widely, from centralised clinics and specialist teams to patient management by a local family practitioner working in isolation.
- Medical follow-up is required for periodic development screening and early recognition and intervention for problems.
- Dietary restrictions should continue throughout a child's developing years, and it is thought that some control over phenylalanine intake is necessary for healthy adult life.

FAMILY PLANNING
- Appropriate sex education, family planning advice and counselling are important.
- Women with PKU who are of childbearing age should closely adhere to the low-phenylalanine diet and monitor phenylalanine levels before conception and throughout pregnancy.
- The risk of spontaneous abortion, mental retardation, microcephaly and/or congenital heart disease in the child is high if maternal blood phenylalanine levels are poorly controlled.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
- All nurses who work with individuals with PKU should be aware of the dietary requirements and restrictions.
- Some medicines contain phenylalanine as a sweetener and should be avoided.
- Living with dietary restrictions can be very difficult for children. They may wish to share concerns or feelings about being 'different' from peers.
- If there is insufficient intake of phenylalanine, which is an essential amino acid, levels may to be too low for growth and body functions, so routine screening is especially important.

B. Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)

Definition:
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is an uncommon genetic disorder. It causes poor muscle tone, low levels of sex hormones and a constant feeling of hunger. The part of the brain that controls feelings of fullness or hunger does not work properly in people with PWS. They overeat, leading to obesity.
Babies with PWS are usually floppy, with poor muscle tone, and have trouble sucking. Boys may have undescended testicles. Later, other signs appear. These include * Short stature * Poor motor skills * Weight gain * Underdeveloped sex organs * Mild mental retardation and learning disabilities
There is no cure for PWS. Growth hormone and exercise can help build muscle mass and control weight.

Causes
Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by a gene missing on part of chromosome 15. Normally, your parents each pass down a copy of this chromosome. Most patients with Prader-Willi syndrome are missing the genetic material on part of the father's chromosome. The rest of patients with this condition often have two copies of the mother's chromosome 15.
The genetic changes occur randomly. Patients usually do not have a family history of the condition.

Symptoms
Signs of Prader-Willi syndrome may be seen at birth. * Newborns are often small and floppy. * Male infants may have undescended testicles.
Other symptoms may include: * Trouble eating as an infant, with poor weight gain * Almond-shaped eyes * Delayed motor development * Narrow bifrontal skull * Rapid weight gain * Short stature * Slow mental development * Very small hands and feet in comparison to the child's body
Children have an intense craving for food and will do almost anything to get it. This can result in uncontrollable weight gain and morbid obesity. Morbid obesity may lead to type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and joint and lung problems.

Exams and Tests
Genetic testing is available to test children for Prader-Willi syndrome.
As the child grows older, laboratory tests may show signs of morbid obesity, such as: * Abnormal glucose tolerance * Above normal level of the hormone insulin in the blood * Decreased level of oxygen in the blood * Failure to respond to luteinizing hormone releasing factor
There may also be signs of right-sided heart failure and knee and hip problems.

Treatment
Obesity is the greatest threat to health. Limiting calories will control the obesity, but the family, neighbors, and school must work together closely because the child will try to get food wherever possible. Exercise can increase lean body mass in children with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Growth hormone is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Prader-Willi syndrome. It can help: * Improve physical strength and agility * Improve height * Increase lean muscle mass and decrease body fat * Improve weight distribution * Increase stamina * Increase bone mineral density
There have been some concerns that taking growth hormone therapy may lead to sleep apnea. A child who takes hormone therapy needs to have annual sleep studies to monitor for sleep apnea.
Low levels of sex hormones may be corrected at puberty with hormone replacement.

Outlook (Prognosis)
The child will need the right education for his or her IQ level. The child will also need speech, physical, and occupational therapy as early as possible. Controlling weight will allow for a much more comfortable and healthy life.

Possible Complications * Type 2 diabetes * Right-sided heart failure * Bone (orthopedic) problems

When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if your child has symptoms of this condition.

C. Phelan-Mc Dermid Syndrome

Synonyms: 22q13.3 Deletion Syndrome, Chromosome 22q13.3 Deletion Syndrome, Deletion 22q13 Syndrome

Definition:
22q13 Deletion Syndrome (spoken as twenty two q one three), also known as Phelan-McDermid Syndrome, is a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletionon chromosome 22. The deletion occurs at the terminal end of the chromosome at the location designated q13.3. This microdeletion is rarely uncovered by typical genetic screening, therefore a fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, test is recommended to confirm the diagnosis. Recent work indicates Phelan-McDermid Syndrome may also be caused by errors in a single gene (SHANK3/PROSAP2) in the q13.3 region. Errors on the same gene have been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
This genetic disorder is characterized by general hypotonia, absent to delayed speech, and global developmental delays. There are approximately 600 reported cases of Phelan-McDermid Syndrome worldwide.

Disease characteristics. Phelan-McDermid syndrome (22q13.3 deletion syndrome) is characterized by neonatal hypotonia, global developmental delay, absent to severely delayed speech, and normal to accelerated growth. Most individuals have moderate to profound intellectual disability. Other features include large fleshy hands, dysplastic toenails, and decreased perspiration that results in a tendency to overheat. Behavior characteristics include mouthing or chewing non-food items, decreased perception of pain, and autistic-like affect.

Diagnosis/testing. Clinical diagnostic criteria for Phelan-McDermid syndrome have not been established. Phelan-McDermid syndrome results from terminal or interstitial deletion of chromosome 22q13.3. On rare occasion an apparently balanced chromosome rearrangement or a mutation disrupts SHANK3. Prior to about 2006, deletion of 22q13.3 was commonly diagnosed by high resolution chromosome analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); since 2006, chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), a more sensitive and accurate method for detecting this deletion, is preferred.

Management. Treatment of manifestations: Oral-motor therapy for chewing and swallowing problems; standard treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, seizures, recurrent ear infection and ophthalmic, cardiac, renal, respiratory, and immunologic issues; physical and occupational therapy and exercise to improve coordination and strength; augmented communication strategies; orthodontic therapy for malocclusion; medication for hyperactivity, anxiety, and self-stimulatory behavior.

Surveillance: Baseline renal ultrasound examination for identification of presymptomatic kidney abnormalities; baseline brain imaging for the presence of arachnoid cysts with evaluation by a neurologist if behavior problems or regression of skills become evident; attention to symptoms of possible increased intracranial pressure; routine follow up of cardiac abnormalities; routine dental and eye examinations; monitoring for lymphedema which may appear in adolescence or adulthood.

Agents/circumstances to avoid: Exposure to high temperatures and extended periods in the sun because of decreased perspiration.

Genetic counseling.
Phelan-McDermid syndrome results from a de novo or inherited chromosome abnormality, which can be determined by parental chromosome analysis. Prenatal testing for 22q13.3 deletion is possible for pregnancies at increased risk.

D. Mowat–Wilson Syndrome

Definition is a rare genetic disorder that was clinically delineated by Dr. D. R. Mowat and Dr. M. J. Wilson in 1998.
This autosomal dominant disorder is characterized by a number of health defects including Hirschsprung's disease,mental retardation, seizure disorder, delayed growth and motor development, congenital heart disease, genitourinary anomalies and absence of the corpus callosum. However, Hirschsprung's disease is not present in all infants with Mowat–Wilson syndrome and therefore it is not a required diagnostic criterion.[2] Distinctive physical features includemicrocephaly, narrow chin, cupped ears with uplifted lobes with central depression, deep and widely set eyes, open mouth, wide nasal bridge and a shortened philtrum.

Causes
The disorder is expressed in an autosomal dominant fashion and may result from a de novo (new) mutation or deletions of the ZEB2 (also known as ZFHX1B or SMADIP1) gene on chromosome 2q22.
However, some of those affected by the disease do not have abnormalities of this gene that are currently detectable.

Symptoms
The symptoms of Mowat-Wilson syndrome may include: * Distinctive facial features - widely-spaced eyes (hypertelorism), prominent but narrow and triangular pointed chin, large broad eyebrows, and uplifted earlobes with a central depression * Moderate to severe mental retardation * Delayed growth and development, small head (microcephaly), severe speech impediment * Seizures * Hirschsprung's disease, or chronic constipation in those without it * Congenital heart disease * Birth defects of the genitals and urinary system, in particular hypospadias in males * Agenesis or hypogenesis of the corpus callosum of the brain * Eye defects such as small eyes (microphthalmia) * Slender build, with slender and tapering fingers

Prognosis
There is no cure for this syndrome. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. All children with Mowat–Wilson syndrome required early intervention with speech therapy and physical therapy.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Mowat-Wilson syndrome is based on the symptoms the child has. Genetic testing may confirm the presence of the ZEB2 genetic mutation. Other tests may be done to check for the presence of congenital heart disease, Hirschsprung's disease, or other birth defects, as well as mental retardation and seizures.

Treatment
Treatment of Mowat-Wilson syndrome is focused on the symptoms present. Medical care by specialists such as a cardiologist (for treating heart defects) or a neurologist (for treating seizures) may be needed. Some birth defects (such as heart, genital, or urinary tract defects) may require surgery.

E. Kabuki Syndrome

Definition is a rare congenital disorder, also called as kabuki makeup syndrome or Niikawa Kuroki syndrome. It is characterized by physical deformation and mental disorder. The disease condition gets its name from the two scientists who discovered it namely Niikawa and Kuroki. The studies show that about 1 in 32000 infants in Japan are affected from this rare disorder. The disease condition is equally common in males and females. The ethnic and racial groups of Japan are mostly affected.

Causes of Kabuki Syndrome
Kabuki syndrome is a combination of birth defects. The exact cause of the syndrome is unknown. It is a genetic abnormality. It is caused as a result of deletion mutations in chromosomes. Another reason for the disease condition is chromosomal abnormalities.

Symptoms of Kabuki Syndrome
A wide range of symptoms are associated with kabuki syndrome. The prominent signs and symptoms of kabuki syndrome include: * Ill-formed ears larger than the normal * Frequent ear infections that may lead to hearing loss * Thick eyelashes * Saggy eyelids * Weak muscle tone * Small fingers * Severe dislocation of shoulders, knee and hip joints * Cleft lip * Small and irregular shaped teeth * Sudden panic to weird noises * Heart ailments * Slow growth rate that means affected people are short in height than the normal * Urinary tract infection * Nervous disorder * Smaller head size * Early breast development in girls

Diagnosis of Kabuki Syndrome
Kabuki syndrome is very typical to diagnose. The reasons behind this are: * Characteristics develop later in the life, but not seen at birth. * Every affected person has different set of symptoms. * The condition is rare and hence doctors find difficulty in diagnosing the condition. * A number of testa are required to diagnose the disease condition.
The physician can diagnose kabuki syndrome based on the signs and symptoms a person develops. The distinct facial features help in detecting the condition.

Treatment
Kabuki syndrome is a disease that is permanent and still there no available specific cure for this disease. The treatment only focuses on reducing complications and helps the individual to improve their quality of life.

F. Temper Tantrums

Also Known As: temper tantrum, hissy fit, fit, outburst, meltdown,
Definition: A tantrum is an outburst that can include crying, screaming, kicking, breath-holding and other behaviors. In young toddlers, tantrums usually occur due to some sort of frustration. Older toddlers, however, are able to use tantrums in attempts to get parents or other caregivers to do what they want.

Tantrums that are a result of frustration (no matter the age) should be dealt with using empathy and understanding. For example, if your toddler is having a tantrum and doesn't want to put her shoes on, it may be because putting her shoes on is difficult or perhaps the shoes don't fit and hurt her feet. You can assist your toddler in putting her shoes on or get her an easier pair to put on by herself and make sure that her shoes fit well to avoid this type of tantrum.

Tantrums that your toddler uses to get her way should be handled with discipline. For example, your toddler might refuse to put her shoes on and may throw a tantrum because she wants to keep playing instead of going to run errands. This type of tantrum could be dealt with by using a time out and having clear expectations.

Common Misspellings: tan trum, tantrim, tantram
Examples:
My toddler is very difficult to calm down when she's having a tantrum.

Management
Guidelines for Parents 1. Learn to deal with your own and other’s anger. 2. Distract or redirect the child. 3. Be prompt and brief with discipline. 4. Try to discover the reason for your child’s anger or temper tantrum. 5. Avoid shaming your child about being angry. 6. Teach children about intensity levels of anger. 7. Set clear limits and high expectations for anger management, appropriate for your child’s age, abilities, and temperament. 8. Notice, compliment and reward appropriate behavior. 9. Maintain open communication with your child. 10. Teach understanding and empathy by calling your child’s attention to the effects of his or her actions on others.

Collage

on

family

My Family

No one could ever meet a family like mine’s. My family is well diversified. Every family member plays an important role in all my family’s lives. In my family, there are four people: my father, my mother, my little brother and me. My father is one who brings money home and is also responsible for organizing and planning family trips. My mother is the one who is in charge for making meals and makes sure everyone eats at the appropriate times. My little brother is the pet of the family. He actually doesn’t have any responsibilities, for he’s the pet. I am the rock of support in my family. I always go beyond my parents’ expectations. I also support my younger cousins and little brother, by being a role model that they can look up to. Another reason why I’m known as a rock of support is the fact how I am always there for my family during the ups and downs of life. One reason why I’m known as a rock of support in my family is the fact that I always do what I’m told to do, by my parents. As the eldest child, I’m given numerous responsibilities. My parents have certain expectations of me. .

I am known as the rock of support in my family. I know my supportiveness through numerous ways. One common way I show it by going beyond my parents’ expectations. I show this by doing the chores at home and other duties which my parents won’t be expecting me to fulfill. Another way I show how I am a rock of support is by being a role model to both my brother and my younger cousins. Being there for my family through the ups and downs of life is another way I show my support. .

Happy Experiences
My Family has always been a very important staple in my life; they come to all of my sporting events and school activities to support me 100%. They are always there if I ever am in trouble or in need of help, they can do whatever I need. If I need a talking to and I need to calm down and focus they can do that for me. Then there are the times that I have with and my other family and we have a lot of fun, memories that you share with your family you will never forget..

We have thanksgiving together, and all of my family comes out here for the 28th of December and we have the best time. During the day we go out in the boat and things in the water and at night we eat a lot of food and shoot off tons of fireworks. Then we will sit around with everyone just chatting about anything and everything, catching up on what everyone has been doing. Sitting in the warmth of the wonderful summer evening. Then everyone heads home and there I am with my parents and maybe a few friends to watch some of the fireworks around the lake still going off, it’s peaceful and its family time...
We always had holiday sometimes in a year every time my dad got home. We went to some places around Philippines and spent few days to tour around. Sometimes we went out of the Country and experienced other country’s traditions and everything. We had a lot of fun. Meeting new friends, getting new experiences, sharing time together and being happy with each other’s company and that I am very
Even now that I have a family of my own, my husband and me still get along together with our son; going somewhere; spending holidays somewhere; meeting new friends; chatting with people; which are the most exciting things that we could ever do and especially helping the few if we can!
Every Friday night I took my son to the playground inside the mall and sometimes taking him outside for dinner. We always have a fun together. Playing together, laughs here, laughs there and everywhere.. During Sundays we go to the pool sometimes and spend time with him with his games and just be happy as everybody want to be.
And now that he’s getting bigger, my husband and me planned to go somewhere with him for holiday soon either outside the country or just here in the Philippines around just to have pleasure sharing time together as the family always do.
I am very proud of my happy family and this is I could never ask for more. I thanks God for all the blessing and everything that He has given to us and especially for having a great happy family…
Godbless….

The conflict that I had with my family:
My fiancé argued that these were investments in our future together, and if necessary we should go into debt to get them. The prospect of having yet another bill to pay every month, totally over $2,000, was not something I wanted to deal with. Underscoring all this was that my fiancé was saying he would like to start a family immediately after we were married and stay home with the baby. While I too wanted children, the financial load of having to make all the payments we were now making in addition to the debt for furniture frequently made me feel disappointed I could not give him what he wanted on the one hand, and angry on the other. It seemed that the furniture and having a trendy condo was at times the highest priority, and other times, getting married and having a family. Yet when we would go shopping the pressure has becoming more and more intense to spend thousands of dollars to redecorate the entire condo. I questioned the use of our credit for that if we were planning to start a family immediately after getting married. The conflict escalated until we had a major argument on.
Before becoming a Christian, I lived for few years with an alcoholic who was abusive, verbally and emotionally. I finally had enough of the continual family conflicts and I left Him and my sad and empty lifestyle. (I was a heavy drinker).
Once I left, I thought in time that my emotional scars would heal but, after getting married, I found they were still raw and painful. It has taken a lot of love, prayer, trust, and patience for my husband and me to resolve the family conflict issues that followed me into our marriage. Whether only you are searching for solutions to family conflict, or whether your spouse or other family members also want harmony, there are actions you can take immediately to begin changing your own behavior, and your response to the behavior of your spouse and family.

Family Conflicts – Resolution

Not only did I bring the pain from life with an alcoholic into my marriage, I discovered that my own selfishness and pride are causes of family conflict (James 4:1-10). In seeking to rid myself of both, God gave me wisdom (James 3:13-18, Colossians 3:16) during my personal Bible studies to see that I was not practicing the biblical strategies listed below. I applied them in my relationships with my spouse and family and found them highly effective for conflict resolution when diligently, energetically, and prayerfully practiced. * Train yourself to believe the best about your spouse and family (1 Corinthians 13:7). Rather than assuming your husband left his socks on the floor – again -- just to annoy you, remind yourself how hard he worked today, what a good provider he is, and that he probably just forgot to pick them up. * Count your blessings (Philippians 4:6, Colossians 3:17). Instead of grumbling to yourself about what you lack, remind yourself -- and be thankful -- for all you have. * Be helpful, comforting, encouraging, and pleasant around your family (Matthew 7:12, James 3:8-10). If you practice being helpful, offering comfort, giving a word of encouragement, and being courteous and upbeat, you will likely find that your family will begin responding with the same kind of behavior toward you, and each other. * Be willing to admit it when you are wrong -- and be willing to apologize (James 1:19-20, Ephesians 4:26-27, Proverbs 29:11). Not only will you mend a rift in your relationship, you will set an example for your spouse, children, and family.

Lessons

Families provide people with an atmosphere in which to live, grow, and develop. A family culture is established by the parents and instilled in the children during their upbringing. A healthy family is a family which follows a set of strong morals, stays loyal to one another, cooperates, and works together to avoid conflict. An environment where there is openness amongst family members is ideal because minds that are open are more susceptible to avoiding conflict than minds that are closed. If conflict gets the best of a family, it has the potential to increase hostility and create remoteness between family members, however, if a family resolves conflict, it can strengthen and enforce the family relationships..

A family must establish a set of values and morals that the members should try to live and abide by. It does not mean writing them down on paper and following them as if they are laws, but it simply means taking a practical approach to raising a family. The best way to ensure that these morals are followed by the children is by having the parents follow them as well. Children learn by modeling the authorities and in every family, the authorities are the parents. The parents are ultimately responsible for their children behavior because the children act accordingly to what they are taught and what they witness. If the parents set a bad example for behavior, chances are that the children justify any wrong behavior by arguing that that is how their parents act.

An important precept that any parent should follow is not to give into temptation. This means being loyal to their partner by not committing acts of adultery. For a parent to have an affair is very risky because it jeopardizes his whole family relationship. If his actions continue, disloyalty can lead to greater conflict and eventually complete family dysfunction. That is why a person must choose a partner wisely. We must choose a partner with whom loyalty seems most likely and feelings of temptation seem absent. When there is loyalty in a family, there is less hostility between family members, which leads to less conflict.

However, conflict can take on many forms, so for a family to be fully prepared to deal with conflict, family members must be willing to cooperate with one another in a mature and civilized manner. Stubbornness is a mental blockade in people that can prevent families from resolving their differences. It causes people to be narrow-minded and prevents them from considering and visualizing other people views, which makes it even harder for families to overcome conflict. No family or group is perfect; however, it should not be too much to ask from each person for a little cooperation and open-mindedness on most issues. Cooperating is one way to combat conflicts that arise. If a family succeeds in resolving conflict, then the process that they took resolving that conflict can strengthen their relationship and turn a negative situation into a positive one.

Miscommunication was also a reason for why these deep, emotional hurts never healed. A family should be willing to take risks and confront problems that pose as conflicts. Confronting every single issue is not healthy, but confronting those issues that significantly bother family members should be considered.

Happy was a prime example of how completely a parent demeanor can be mimicked by a child. Reasons for Happy warped personality can also be attributed. . Happy always strove for attention but his efforts seemed fruitless. It is not fair for parents to favor one child over the other. All children should be shown love and affection equally from their parents in order for them to feel accepted and affirmed by the most important people in their lives. Neglected children are innocent victims of negligent parents. Feelings of rejection at a young age can seriously damage a child psyche and consequently, he might be an underachiever the rest of his life.

Equality amongst family members, especially children, is essential for the proper development of a healthy family relationship. During the early stages of family growth, the parents have more control and influence over their children lives so the parents must be sure to instill positive values in their children. These values are put to the test as the children enter the teenage years and are more exposed and susceptible to other influences. After a family goes through some tough conflicts, the goal is to overcome those conflicts and pull the family more closely together.

Conflict in families where strong morals and cooperation are lacking can produce a hostile and remote relationship between members; however, families that have these two aspects established can actually overcome conflict and by doing so, grow closer together.

Disloyalty was a significant factor that challenged the unity in their family. It caused a huge conflict to incubate into family dysfunction and it signaled the breakup of the foundation of what holds a family together, the parents. The parents unify the family and keep everything under control; at least, that is what they should do. Conflict should not be seen as an issue to doom the fabric of a family, but rather it should be seen as an opportunity to bring the best out in a family, no matter how challenging that may seem.

Family in the Future

Most people have a hundred things to do before they pass away like claim the biggest mountain, win a gold medal in the Olympics, or just simply buy a house.
Whatever it might be, everyone has at least one mission in life. A person should have something to accomplish with their life or life would just be meaningless. One of my first things to do is to get my degree at Arellano University. So I and my future family can have a happy life. I would set a good example for my sons and daughters. If I had a college degree it would encourage them to do the same, and further their education pass high school. I would be very proud of my little babies if they had a degree because they looked up to me. I would be very proud of myself to know I accomplished something that I never planned on doing. When I was younger, I use to tell myself that I would just finish high school and I would be done with school. It’s crazy how things work out. I am working and studying hard now to be a future Nurse, and if I get my degree, I will have more job opportunities which would mean a better paycheck and benefits. I would have more of a chance to be successful. I need to be successful because I also want to have the things that I can’t get right now, and I also want to be successful to repay the sacrifices that my parents gave me. Successful in life is the best gift you can give to yourself. By achieving it, you can gain lots of respect from other people, especially when you finish your entire school years, because any other things you gain can disappear, but education you learned won’t fade. I often wonder about my future as I am about to finish secondary school. The number one question on my mind is which profession should I choose? It is very hard to make any definite choices, because I know they will affect me for the rest of my life. I want a profession that will satisfy me, challenge me, and bring me joy. I believe that a job should be like a hobby. I want to love my work, and know that I am making a difference in this world by helping other people.
Ever since I was a child, I have dreamt of curing people and healing diseases.
It takes a long time to study medicine. It is very difficult and requires a tremendous amount of patience and hard work. I hope that I will be able to meet these challenges, and that my dream will come true. Later, I would like to work in a hospital or in private practice.
During my secondary studies, I worked on biology and chemistry projects. The experience from working on these projects has given me insight into science that far exceeds what I could have learned at school. In addition, I also developed my patience and diligence, and gained valuable experience when I gave public speeches about our research. This opportunity will be a great advantage for my future studies.
I am personally interested in becoming a doctor, however, there are many different career opportunities. You can work in manufacturing, service, agriculture or business. Everyone has to decide which path is best for him or herself, once they finish elementary school. One option is to continue secondary school. The second option is to choose another branch of the educational system. It is very important to consider your interests when you choose your future profession. Everyone would like to be good at what they choose.
Sometimes, people continue to study even after they receive their degree. It is always important to learn, and in some professions, you have to constantly study in order to be at the forefront of your field. For example, doctors, scientists, and computer programmers must be aware of the latest research in the field and apply this knowledge to their work.