...As mentioned above, mens rea is one of the most important elements in criminal liability because it helps determine the nature of a crime and its appropriate punishment. It is standardized into four terms in the Model Penal Code. Crimes are said to be committed Purposefully, Knowingly, Recklessly and Negligently. The first two, purposely and knowingly are more serious because of the direct intent. This is one of the most commonly enacted provisions of the MPC, since it e simplifies the very sticky notion of guilty mental states in criminal law. After being convicted of a crime in the MPC or common law, the court then decides the severity of the punishment, a misdemeanor or a felony. Misdemeanor occupies the middle ground of crime classification in the criminal law, being a less serious class of crime than felony, and more serious than infraction. An example of an infraction is running a stop sign. Misdemeanor convictions are typically punishable by a sentence of one year or less in jail, moderate fines, house-arrest, time served on weekends, probation, community service, or several of these punishments mixed into a lovely...
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...S.PALAVESAKRISHNAN palavesakrishnan@gmail.com Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Background to the Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Defining the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The Nature and the Scope of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Risk of Break-ins and Builder Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Selecting and Implementing the Preventive Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Monitoring Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Evaluating the Preventive Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Summary of the Results of the Experiment . ...
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...roadway and to several residential communities; closest houses being approx. . . .25 miles. The FTF facility has staff offices, classrooms, armory, weapon cleaning area and outdoor ranges which is approx. 25 miles from the FTF. The Academic and administrative Complex (AAC) is located on the ground of the Maryland Springfield State (Mental) hospital, and hosts approx. 400 patients. AAC has offices and classrooms, computer labs, a food preparation area and dining hall, and shops. Two residential dorms for overnight guests/students, a physical training center and it include offices, classrooms, basketball gym, weight room, and swimming pool. PSETC has 122 staff members, including DTF, FTF, and there is currently no security for PSETC. The hours of operation are 7:30 am to 5:00 pm, Monday through Friday for all facilities and it has about 450 students daily in law enforcement and correctional training programs. 150 guests/students can stay overnight; there is a contractor who prepares food, for them. The record maintenance for all administrative reports for PSETC members, approx. 30,000 personnel. Janitorial services for the PSETC are performed by minimum security inmates from a local correctional institution, and they work under supervision of correctional officers. INTRODUCTION Currently, colleges, universities and training centers are among society’s most vulnerable and exploitable targets for individuals and organizations seeking to cause harm...
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...UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI MANAGEMENT OF RESIDENTIAL RENTAL PREMISES. (CASE STUDY:NAIROBI-WEST) BY MURIITHI DAVIES MUGOH B04/23097/2008 A PROJECT PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN LAND ECONOMICS DEGREE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF REAL-ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI MAY, 2012. DECLARATION I, MURIITHI DAVIES MUGOH, hereby declare that this project is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. Signed…………………….. Date……………………………… MURIITHI DAVIES MUGOH DECLARATION OF THE SUPERVISOR This research has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university supervisor. Signed……………………… Date………………………………….. Mr. NIKKY NZIOKI DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Muriithi who has patiently borne my education expenses right from primary school to the University and gave me continuous support & encouragement throughout my academic life. My siblings Faith Njoki, Peninah Njoki and Dennis Ragoi, thanks for being there for...
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...Thieves, Thugs, and Neighborhood Poverty David Bjerk Robert Day School of Economics and Finance Claremont McKenna College 500 East Ninth Street, Claremont CA 91711 Ph: 909-607-4471 david.bjerk@cmc.edu April 25, 2010 Abstract This paper develops a model of crime analyzing how such behavior is associated with individual and neighborhood poverty. The model shows that even under relatively minimal assumptions, a connection between individual poverty and both property and violent crimes will arise, and moreover, "neighborhood" e¤ects can develop, but will di¤er substantially in nature across crime types. A key implication is that greater economic segregation in a city should have no e¤ect or a negative e¤ect on property crime, but a positive e¤ect on violent crime. Using IV methods, I show this implication to be consistent with the empirical evidence. Keywords: Crime; Segregation; Neighborhood E¤ects; Instrumental Variables; Poverty. 1 “I don’ care if I got money, or work Monday through Friday. I just go shoot a t motherf*@#er on the weekends. If that’ what need to be done to keep my hood s and my young ones around here safe, then that’ what to get done” (quoted by s Landesman, 2007). 1 Introduction High rates of crime and violence in poor neighborhoods have been described by numerous scholars and journalists (Wilson, 1987; Krivo and Peterson, 1996; Kotlowitz, 1991; Patterson, 1991; Messner and Tardi¤, 1986, to name just a few). However, the quote above from a man...
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...Criminologist and forensic psychologists share many similarities although they have a few differences. This essay will attempt to explain these similarities and differences. Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals whereas forensic psychology is the interaction of the study of psychology and the law, it is also a branch of applied psychology which is concerned with the collection, examination and presentation of evidence for judicial purposes (Haward, 1953) furthermore they hold a doctorate degree in a field of psychology. The role of a criminologist is to investigate a variety of reasons to why criminals commit crimes. In order to investigate how these crimes are committed, they must consider psychological and social factors furthermore consider if any biological situations could have led the criminal to commit the crime. The role of a forensic psychologist is to provide the legal system with sound psychological information from a sound research base (Grisso, 1987). A forensic psychologist role is similar to a criminologist role to an extent that they also work with prisoners and offenders moreover they also apply the psychological theory to criminal behaviour to figure out what makes criminals commit these crimes. The premium goal of a forensic psychologist is to The first act of psychologist taking part in the justice court was in 1896 when Albert testified at the trial of Munich man accused of murdering three women. Within the United Kingdom the prison...
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...Information Technology deals with the use of computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve and transmit information. New IT capabilities (e.g., e-commerce and social networks) strongly influence competitive strategies and the efficiency of operations. New IT developments are important to all business disciplines because they trigger changes in marketing, operations, e-commerce, logistics, human resources, finance, accounting, and relationships with customers and business partners. Nothing about business or corporate strategy is untouched by IT. Information technology is used in a wide variety of business organizations like Wal-Mart, Galeries Lafayette. The IT has also been applied to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime. The following points illustrate the use of IT to optimize police departments’ performance to reduce crime. • It stores the data of the previous crimes in a single location for easy access. Whereas with street patrolling accessing of data regarding previous crimes takes some extra efforts as the data is not in a single location. • We can apply certain logics and calculations on the collected data to come up with some predictions. With street patrolling, based on the previous data and experience we come up with some predictions • The output of such a prediction is a report that gives the location and time of where the crime will occur. With street patrolling no such reports are available and the prediction is made on...
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...onto his clapboard house, police reported. Earlier Wednesday, a woman in Haiti was swept away by a rushing river she was trying to cross, in some southern towns of Jamaica, a few crocodiles were caught in rushing flood waters carried them out of their homes in mangrove thickets, showing up districts where electricity was knocked out, local residents reported. One big croc took up temporary residence in a family's front yard in the city of Portmore. Wednesday evening the hurricane's eye had crossed Jamaica and emerged off its northern coast near the town of Port Antonio, meteorologists said, but rain and winds continued to pound the Caribbean island, and hurricane conditions were predicted to last well in the night. It was the first direct hit by the eye of a hurricane in Jamaica since Hurricane Gilbert 24 years ago, and fearful authorities closed the island's international airports and police ordered 48-hour curfews in major towns to keep people off the streets and deter looting. Cruise ships change their itineraries to avoid the storm, which made landfall five miles (8 kilometers) east of the capital, Kingston. Flash floods and mudslides were a threat for this debt-shackled tropical island of roughly 2.7 million inhabitants, which has a crumbling infrastructure and a number of sprawling shantytowns built on steep...
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...MMGP: ADT Corporation DeLong, Lance; Krastins, Chad; Tanyanyiwa, Patience; Wilson II, Franklin W. Liberty University Business 520; Strategic Marketing Management 23389 Dr. John Royer Table of Contents Introduction 6 Background Information 6 Marketing Mix Four Ps 8 Modern Marketing Management Four Ps 9 Consumer Preference 16 Market Analysis 19 Age and Stage in the life cycle 22 Occupation an economic circumstances 22 Values 23 Psychological Factors 23 Personality 25 Social Class 25 Lifestyle 26 Positioning/Competition/Branding 30 Positioning Statement 30 Key Brand and Messages Positioning ADT 32 Industry Leadership / Strengths and Weaknesses 33 Brand Promise 38 Dependable and Reliable 39 Convenient 39 Cost Effective 40 Transferable 40 Engaging and Fun 40 Services/Pricing 41 Do Not Forget the Employees 41 Customer Care / Customer Satisfaction 42 Ethical Behavior in Customer Relationships 42 How will repair/service efforts affect customer satisfaction? 46 Price discounts and allowances 48 Promotional Pricing 49 Differential Pricing 49 Promotions/Marketing 50 Market exposure 52 Generating Leads 53 Improved Sales 53 Reduced Marketing Expenditure 53 Delivering Value 54 Economic Value 54 Quality Value 54 Diversity Management 55 Variety of Products for a Variety of Consumers 56 Customer Service through People, Physical Evidence, & Process 56 Conclusion 60 References 61 Abstract Marketing...
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...POLICE PROBLEMS: THE COMPLEXITY OF PROBLEM THEORY, RESEARCH AND EVALUATION by John Eck University of Cincinnati Abstract: Advancement of problem-oriented policing has been stymied by over-attention to police organizations and under-attention to police problems. This paper develops a research agenda for understanding police problems by addressing four fundamental questions: What are problems? What causes problems? How can we find effective solutions to problems? And how can we learn from problem solving? For each question a possible direction for theory, research, or evaluation is suggested. The variety of police problems, their non-linear feedback systems, the diversity of responses that can be applied to problems, and the difficulty of learning from problem-solving experiences highlight the complexity of police problems. The paper closes with a list of research questions designed to improve the science and practice of problem analysis and solution. WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH POLICE RESEARCH? Problem-oriented policing has become the victim of the disease it was meant to cure, the "means over ends syndrome." Symptoms of this disease include studies examining the internal workings of police organizations implementing problem-oriented policing, confusing problem-oriented policing with community policing, and generally failing to recognize that a new approach to policing requires a different approach to research. Though the number of police agencies applying problem solving...
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...THE GEEK 354 West Walnut Ave. Dalton, GA 30720 (706) 123-1234 www.thegeek.com [pic] | | | |Jeremy Hickman |Georgia Hickman | |CEO |CFO | |123 Tibbs Rd Dalton, GA |123 Tibbs Rd Dalton, GA | |(706)321-4321 |(706)321-4321 | Created April 26, 2013 Prepared by Jeremy Hickman Table of Contents Cover page……………………………….1 Table of Contacts……….……………….2 Executive Summary……………………..3 Description of Business………………….4 Social Responsibility…………………..…5 Vision and Mission Statement………..…5 Assessment of competition………………5 Company Strengths………………………6 SWOT Analysis…………………………..6 Planned Responses……………………….7 Location of Business……………….…….8 Crime Rate Breakdown……………………9 Industry Description………………..……10 Management…………………..…………10 Goals………………………………………12 Product Features and Branding.....……….12 Market Research………………………..…13 Pricing, Advertising, and Promotions…….14 Distribution ………………………………..15 ...
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...Barton 2 Rainer B¨hme 3 o Richard Clayton 4 Michel J.G. van Eeten 5 Michael Levi 6 Tyler Moore 7 Stefan Savage 8 Abstract In this paper we present what we believe to be the first systematic study of the costs of cybercrime. It was prepared in response to a request from the UK Ministry of Defence following scepticism that previous studies had hyped the problem. For each of the main categories of cybercrime we set out what is and is not known of the direct costs, indirect costs and defence costs – both to the UK and to the world as a whole. We distinguish carefully between traditional crimes that are now ‘cyber’ because they are conducted online (such as tax and welfare fraud); transitional crimes whose modus operandi has changed substantially as a result of the move online (such as credit card fraud); new crimes that owe their existence to the Internet; and what we might call platform crimes such as the provision of botnets which facilitate other crimes rather than being used to extract money from victims directly. As far as direct costs are concerned, we find that traditional offences such as tax and welfare fraud cost the typical citizen in the low hundreds of pounds/Euros/dollars a year; transitional frauds cost a few pounds/Euros/dollars; while the new computer crimes cost in the tens of pence/cents. However, the indirect costs and defence costs are much higher for transitional and new crimes. For the former they may be roughly comparable to what the criminals earn, while for...
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...U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Reducing Fear of Crime Strategies for Police Gary Cordner Reducing Fear of Crime Strategies for Police Gary Cordner Kutztown University January 2010 This project was supported by Grant Number 2003-CK-WX-K049 awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencies, companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the authors or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of July 2009. Given that URLs and web sites are in constant flux, neither the authors nor the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity. Letter from the Director Dear Colleagues, Fear of crime has an incredibly corrosive effect on individuals and entire communities. This issue is of great concern to all of us in law enforcement. Fear negatively shapes all aspects of the quality of life of America’s communities. The COPS Office recognizes that people not only need to be safe, but they also need to feel safe. Treating both of these issues as two parts of a greater whole is a critical aspect of community policing. That...
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...Table of Contents City of Riverside profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Mission and Values Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Message from the Chief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Executive Command Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Office of the Chief of Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Strategic Plan Audit and Compliance Bureau Office of Internal Affairs Public Information Chief's Community Advisory Board Magnolia Station Grand Opening . . . . . . . . . .11 Riverside Police Department Facilities . . . . . .13 Administration Public Safety Communications . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Personnel Bureau Training Bureau Management Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Finance Payroll Grants Administration Fleet Services Facilities Management Court Services Unit (CSU) Alarm Enforcement Unit (EAU) Records Management Front Counters/Telephone Report Unit Automation and Digital Records Crime Analysis Unit (CAU) Property/Evidence Unit Operations Field Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Neighborhood Policing Centers (NPCs) Management Accountability Program (RPD~MAP) Watch Commanders Problem Oriented Policing (POP) Bike Team El Protector University Neighborhood Enhancement Team (UNET) Crime Statistics Special Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Community Services Group Citizen Academy Crime Free Multi-Housing Neighborhood Watch Business Watch Youth...
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...образования, система правосудия Великобритании и США, а также на совершенствование письменной компетенции студентов. Каждый раздел содержит тематический словарь, ряд упражнений на закрепление лексики, достаточное количество текстов по теме, упражнения на повторение. Практикум предназначен для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов 4-го курса, изучающих английский язык как основную специальность. 5 Educational System (the USA and the UK) Topical Vocabulary Nursery school, kindergarten, elementary school, high school (junior, senior), secondary school (―grade school‖ or the ―grammar school‖), inner-city school, rural school, professional school, college (college of arts and sciences, business college, engineering college, residential college), university. General pattern of education, summer vacation, a school board, academic activities, extracurricular activities, personal and guidance counseling, trained guidance counselor, grade,...
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