...Leaders Are Born Not Made Introduction: The factual analysis about leader ship in this essay is based on results published in Journals and books published in various time-periods and by a variety of respected people belonging to the Psychological societies around the world. The fact being that no Leader is identical to an other so deriving a conclusion from any particular theory has always been a question mark. Although one may comment about the innate genetic factors which has given raise to “Born Leaders” and the “Made Leaders” by their choice and opportunities to improve their skills and work towards a goal. Born and Made Concept: According to “Fielder”, leader is defined as a person who is “appointed, elected, or informally chosen to direct and co-ordinate the work of others in a group”. So one has to understand leader and leader-ship are two very different concepts. With reference to the statement leaders are “born not made”, certain predispositions such as personality characteristics, could add an additional advantage of being a leader. The other factors such as family genes which one may procure are definitely cannot be argued upon. Intelligence, religion-growth-status, society, education, training, job etc... remain as external factors influencing ones Leadership. Therefore a change and a conflict is simply evident. The recent break through of a concept called “Cloning” has stirred a wider controversy about replicating a “LEADER”. Although the research is banned in...
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...Chapter 1 - The World of Integrated Marketing Communication TRUE/FALSE 1. A company that markets a vitamin supplement produces a commercial that has the stated purpose of simply delivering straight information about the product. It is still an attempt to directly generate sales. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 6 OBJ: 1-1 2. IMC is the use of many tools, including advertising, in a coordinated manner to build and maintain brand awareness, identity, and preference. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 7 OBJ: 1-1 3. A public service announcement (PSA) for the Partnership for a Drug Free America is aired on three major television networks for free. This is an example of a public information message, not advertising. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 6 OBJ: 1-1 4. Mass communication has two major components: production and reception. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 8 OBJ: 1-2 5. The communication production process produces the content of all advertising messages. The communication reception process produces the same interpretations among all audience members. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 9 OBJ: 1-2 6. A target audience is the whole group of consumers that will see an advertisement or an advertising campaign. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 10 OBJ: 1-3 7. When trying to deliver an advertising message to a professional audience, the medium of trade journals is most predominantly used. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult...
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...English Translation: 1925 ‘Instincts and their Vicissitudes’ C.P., 4, 69-83. (Tr. C. M. Baines.) The present translation, though based on that of 1925, has been very largely rewritten. Freud began writing this paper on March 15, 1915; it and the following one (‘Repression’) had been completed by April 4. It should be remarked by way of preface that here (and throughout the Standard Edition) the English word ‘instinct’ stands for the German ‘Trieb’. The choice of this English equivalent rather than such possible alternatives as ‘drive’ or ‘urge’ is discussed in the General Preface to the first volume of the edition. The word ‘instinct’ is in any case not used here in the sense which seems at the moment to be the most current among biologists.1 But Freud shows in the course of this paper the meaning which he attaches to the word so translated. Incidentally, on p. 195 below, in the paper on ‘The Unconscious’, he himself uses the German word ‘Instinkt’, though possibly in a rather different sense. There is, however, an ambiguity in Freud's use of the term ‘Trieb’ (‘instinct’) and ‘Triebrepräsentanz’ (‘instinctual representative’) to which, for the sake of clearer understanding, ————————————— 1...
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...Essay The rate of changes in organizations has been increased by a diversity of external forces such as intensified global competition, the increases in technology, reduced revenues and customer dissatisfaction (Attaran, 2004). These changes have led to a rise in downsizing, restructuring, reorganization, mergers and acquisitions. Nevertheless, most entrepreneurs’ efforts in changing organizations have failed to achieve the expected outcomes in terms of revenue growth, cost reduction, productivity and employees’ commitment (Marks, 2006). Although the failure of organizational changes is attributed by several various elements, Seo et al (2012) suggested that the human factor, particularly leaders, plays the most significant role in delivering the effectiveness of organizational change. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate leadership theories and how effectively it may result in effective organizational change. Firstly, the transformational leadership concept will be analyzed to evaluate their contribution to corporate changes. Subsequently, the case of ‘Centurion operation at Philips Electronics’ is applied to reflect this theory in practice. The third sector will examine the role of culture leadership in organisational changes. Finally, the insights of this theory will be assessed through one practical example in relation to mergers and acquisitions among companies, Renault-Nissan and Daimlerchrysler-Mitsubishi . Transformational leadership effectively changes organizations...
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...A Brief Summary Of The Situation At Vidsoft Management Essay Since going public Vidsoft Technologies has witnessed rapid expansion and revenue growth. Its CEO, Keith Nash, has created and maintains a strong customer-responsive culture. To uphold levels of motivation employees are given a high degree of autonomy over their work. Teamwork is incentivized and promotions come quickly to those who fit the mold. Alaji Babatunde - in his third year of employment and already a senior manager - manages two product lines and eleven staff. Unable to allocate his time effectively, he contemplates introducing a new layer of management to the organization structure. Babatunde identifies one suitable candidate among his staff and settles to look outside the company for the second. With the consensus of James White, Babatunde offers a management position to Jennah Li, a conscientious and admired member of the group. Soon after, Alex Hsu, a young engineer and a direct report of Li, cites irreconcilable differences and requests to be transferred to the group without a manager. Li, concerned that Hsu’s transfer may be seen as a sign of weakness on her part, insists he continue to report to her. How can this situation be best resolved? Babatunde’s first challenge is to understand why the problem manifested itself in the first place. The second is to match his managerial approach to the situation without further negatively impacting the equilibrium of the group. The solution requires a combination...
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...Sociology Major Essay – Modernity “To be modern is to find ourselves in an environment that promises us adventure, power, joy, growth, transformation of ourselves and the world - and, at the same time, that threatens to destroy everything we have, everything we know, everything we are.” – Marshall Berman, All That Is Solid Melts Into Air, (Verso, London, 1988 p.1). Drawing on a variety of sociologists writings on modernity explain the idea of modernity as both positive and negative. Modernity is defined in the Collins English Dictionary as the quality or state of being modern. (Hanks 1979) This state of modernity, as described by M. Berman, is one that has positive and negative influences on both the private and public spheres. The modern world in which we live is one that is heavily influenced by the havoc of war and the ongoing process of capitalism. In order to understand the complexities of modernity, one must weigh its pros and cons. Ex-Cambridge Lecturer and sociologist T. Bilton pinpointed the origins of modernity to be during the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century. He discusses the slow industrialisation, new attitudes towards capitalism, and mass urbanisation. These attributes of modernity saw positive growth in wealth and the creation of bigger and more fluid markets. The trends that originated in 1780s England were to soon spread globally, with an increasing concentration of workers in larger workplaces, in tandem with deteriorating work conditions and...
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...Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an international investment whereby a firm in one economy has control or major influence over the management of another firm in another economy (Xu, 2014). For many years, China has grown to be one of the most attractive countries for foreign direct investments of almost every present organization in the world.. Despite the rise in labour costs and shortages of skilled labour along with greater competition faced by foreign firms in the China market since 2008, China has still succeeded in continuously attracting more FDI as compared to other developing countries. This essay while relating to certain FDI theories (Eclectic theory) will further discuss the general factors that has led to the increase of FDI in China despite many challenges over the years as well as using a firm such as Gap Inc. as a case example to show the main specific factors which influenced the company to undergo FDI in China. As China's population nears 1.4 billion people (Xinhua, 2010), there are many general 'pull' factors contributing towards the increase of FDI in China. One of the factors would be country's market size as accordance to Cheng & Kwan (2000) whom agreed that market size does attract FDI in China. China's large market size potentially creates huge domestic demand that provides greater opportunity for foreign firms to undergo FDI as firms access into a larger customer base would be made easier, allowing them to increase their productivity and profit...
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...certain health outcomes. This is a comparatively new field of research, and findings with regard to the extent and exact causal mechanisms of an association between intelligence, health and longevity remain far from conclusive. For instance, some researchers claim that intelligence is the ‘elusive fundamental cause’ of health inequalities (Gottfredson, 2004); whilst others negate the impact of intelligence once SES factors and education are controlled for (Singh-Manoux & Kivimaki, 2009; Hauser & Palloni, 2008). Intelligence tests are long established as valid predictors of occupational success and educational attainment, both of which have a direct bearing on health outcomes. The question is to what extent, if at all, SES and other risk factors, are proxies of intelligence, and do levels of mental ability have a direct impact on health outcomes, or is its effect indirect and mediated by other factors? Given the heterogeneity of its study, it is important to note that...
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...Topic: Millennials at work: Should they be managed differently? Why? 1. Introduction In this day and age where change is a constant and where humans are considered the most valuable resource (Lepak and Snell, 1998), Human Resource Management is essential and vital to an organisation’s survival (Boxall and Purcell, 2000). This essay attempts to discuss on the reasons why Millennials should be managed differently as compared to Baby Boomers and some of the issues that organisations face in their efforts to effectively combine this generation into the existing workforce. The overall structure of the essay will follow in such an order where by it will start with the brief overall definition of Millennials and Baby Boomers for a clearer picture, followed by mentioning some of the defining characteristics of how Millennials behave in workplaces and the implications of it for Human Resource Managers. Lastly, this essay will conclude by reinforcing the stand that Millennials should be managed differently with the main points of argument highlighted as well as the future directions that HR managers can look to. 1.1. Millennials versus Baby Boomers To understand the significance of Millennials in the workplace, it is important to first define Millennials and its characteristics. The term ‘Millennials’ or more commonly known as Generation Y, is defined as any individual born after 1981 (Leyden et al., 2007). Other terms which refer to the same cohort include, Nexters, Echo Boomers...
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...other model answers too for the other topics in Psya3 and Psya4. But enough about me - you can learn about me in more depth on my website - lets get on with the show and onto the the overview of this topic, structuring and the model answers themselves too. S ECTION 1 Memorising Your Model Answers This is going to be pretty much your hardest task and with the help of this book hopefully it becomes more manageable. People have various ways they memorise things and it is entirely up to you. Memorising Essays U SING A CRONYMS + P RACTICE The method of memorising the essays is the same across all my model essay answers. I employ the concept of “chunking” alongside the use of “acronyms”. Combined this helped me memorise all the essay answers for every possible question. If you haven’t read my previous books the following extract explains how the method works but you should do what works for you ultimately. Practice and constantly re-writing the essays is unfortunately part of it and theres nothing that can be done to avoid this - theres no magic cure to skip hard work. For myself; I personally...
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...defined leadership as a person has “abilities of leading a group of people, and also has abilities of supporting group of people to achieve common objectives”. More specifically, Bass (1990) defines leadership as the ability to adapt the setting so everyone feels empowered to contribute creatively to solving the problems. The primary aim of this assignment is to critically discuss the topic of “a good leader influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal and perform well, without having to watch over them.” In order to answer this question well, the author selects Steve Jobs as the leader, and then with reference to Apple Inc to discuss why a good leader as Jobs influences group of individuals without watching them. As an essay based assignment, the author organizes this paper in three main parts, including introduction, main body and conclusion. In introduction section, the definition and importance of leadership are briefly discussed along with primary aim of this assignment. In the second part, the author discusses principles of a good leader; stages of leadership research, employee motivation and organizational culture in detail to discuss why Jobs influenced group of individuals in Apple Inc without watch them. Finally, in conclusion section, the author summarizes findings of this paper and explains...
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...Purpose of reports 6 3.2 Report Format 6 3.3 Table of Contents 7 3.4 Executive summary 7 3.5 Headings and series 7 3.6 References 8 3.7 Appendices 8 4 Essays 9 4.1 Essential features 9 4.2 Essay format 9 4.2.1 Title page 10 4.2.2 Synopsis or abstract 10 4.2.3 Reference list and appendices. 10 5 Plagiarism 11 6 Referencing within the body of your work 13 6.1 Paraphrased References. 13 6.2 Short quotes 13 6.3 Long quotes 14 6.4 Same author, same year, different work 14 6.5 Documenting tables/charts 14 6.6 The Reference List 16 6.7 Examples of referencing 1 7. References 1 Introduction Good writing takes practice and there are many ways that students can enhance and support their writing to achieve sound academic results. This guide has been designed to help students meet the requirements of academic writing. In essence, this is a style guide. There are rules to follow to correctly present the original author and avoid plagiarism, and there are suggestions to follow to communicate clearly and concisely. This guide will not replace the generally accepted academic practices of using a spell checker or proof reading your work for grammar errors. Rather, this style guide is designed to support you in your writing process. You will still need to determine whether you are required to write an essay or a report, whether the work is formal or informal. Before consulting this guide, make sure that you understand the requirements of your assessment. Ask your...
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...between expenditure on these systems and efficiency of them. Another aim of the essay is to compare heath care systems in different countries and find out whether the dominance of public or private spending is optimal for the society; here the comparison between UK and USA health care system will be appropriate. Question #2 In the USA nowadays the Private Health Insurance system is the major provider of health care cervices. Is this situation adequate to the demands of the tax payers and is it effective for different categories of people who need medical treatment? Should the ratio between private and public sectors in health care be changed and should the organization of both systems be reformed? Let us first of all define what is health. These can be two ways to define it: 1) Negative: the absence of disease 2) Positive: “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.” (World Health Organization, 1946). Therefore we can outline two aims of health policy: to improve health and to reduce health inequalities. In terms of the first definition, the US health care system is efficient. In terms of the world-accepted definition, the second one, the US health care system is expensive and in many cases not efficient. Let us analyze the relation between costs and effectiveness in this system. First of all let us trace the development and progress of both health care systems. The basis for current health care system was established after the World war II, when private doctors...
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...Maria Hernandez Ms. Lily Healthcare System History The aim of the essay is to compare heath care systems in different countries and find out whether the dominance of public or private spending is optimal for the society; here the comparison between UK and USA health care system will be appropriate. Question #2 In the USA nowadays the Private Health Insurance system is the major provider of health care services. Is this situation adequate to the demands of the tax payers and is it effective for different categories of people who need medical treatment? Should the ratio between private and public sectors in health care be changed and should the organization of both systems be reformed? Let us first of all define what is health. These can be two ways to define it: 1) Negative: the absence of disease 2) Positive: “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.” (World Health Organization, 1946) Therefore we can outline two aims of health policy: to improve health and to reduce health inequalities. In terms of the first definition, the US health care system is efficient. In terms of the world-accepted definition, the second one, the US health care system is expensive and in many cases not efficient. Let us analyze the relation between costs and effectiveness in this system. First of all let us trace the development and progress of both health care systems. The basis for current health care system was established after the World war II, when private doctors were serving...
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...ENGLISH HANDBOOK -“Welcome to my evil lair…” -Mr. Braiman Brooklyn High School of the Arts www.mrbraiman.com http://handbook.mrbraiman.com “EVIL” Welcome to my evil classroom lair. In order to become full-fledged evil “minions,” you need to read this handbook carefully. It explains everything you need to know. “English,” as you may know, is shorthand for “English Language Arts.” Being that we are in an Arts school, but one where academics must and always do come first, it is important that we approach the subject as what it is: an art form. How does one study the arts? What exactly do we do when we study drawing, sculpture, music, or dance? Well, anyone who has studied the arts will tell you that studying the arts essentially involves two things: • Learning about, and developing an awareness of and appreciation for, existing works of art in that particular form; • Developing the skills and techniques associated with the art form, in order to create our own works. In the case of language arts, much like any other art form, we will be studying existing works of art (i.e., reading books, stories and poems), and developing the skills to produce our own (i.e., writing). That’s what English Language Arts is. We will also be preparing ourselves for New York State’s Regents Comprehensive Examination in English, which we’ll all be taking in June. This two-day, six-hour, four-part exam requires no specific knowledge or content, but it does require the skills to listen, read,...
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