...Arthritis is broadly defined as painful inflammation of the joints, however there are approximately 100 different types of arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that is the most chronic joint condition and affects approximately 33 million people. It results from the overuse of joints, is associated with aging, may be the consequence of demanding sports where may be injured, or obesity (Guilak, 2011). Osteoarthritis is most common in joints that bear weight, such as the spine, hips, knees and feet. Symptoms associated with osteoarthritis are localized pain while symptoms such as feeling ill and fatigue or tiredness are typically not present as other...
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...Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known in medical literature as Alzheimer disease, is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death. It was first described by German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906 and was named after him.[1] Most often, AD is diagnosed in people over 65 years of age,[2] although the less-prevalentearly-onset Alzheimer's can occur much earlier. In 2006, there were 26.6 million sufferers worldwide. Alzheimer's is predicted to affect 1 in 85 people globally by 2050.[3] Although Alzheimer's disease develops differently for every individual, there are many common symptoms.[4] Early symptoms are often mistakenly thought to be 'age-related' concerns, or manifestations of stress.[5] In the early stages, the most common symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. When AD is suspected, the diagnosis is usually confirmed with tests that evaluate behaviour and thinking abilities, often followed by a brain scan if available.[6] As the disease advances, symptoms can include confusion, irritability and aggression,mood swings, trouble with language, and long-term memory loss. As the sufferer declines they often withdraw from family and society.[5][7] Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death.[8] Since the disease is different for each individual, predicting how it will affect the person is difficult. AD develops for an unknown and variable...
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...The need for comprehensive wellness programs in Canadian workplaces and diversified physical activity among Canadian boys and girls IGWEAGU Kenechukwu O. 7692210 PERS 1200 Reflection 2 30/10/15 The need for comprehensive wellness programs in Canadian workplaces and diversified physical activity among Canadian boys and girls Talking about the Epidemiological transition, countries in the age of pestilence and famine cannot progress from this stage unless they target the spread of infectious diseases through improvements in sanitation and public health and by stabilization of food supply. Similarly, western countries in the stage of degenerative and man-made diseases must make active efforts to move to the next stage, if the next stage is going to be the stage of delayed degenerative disease. These countries moved from the first to the second to the third stage by making good decisions about the country’s organization and control. There was a clear goal in sight, and then a group of concise plans to achieving the different components of the singular goal. The singular goal was to reduce the mortality rates of people living in that country. In other to achieve this death must be reduced by reducing its causes. “Life expectancy at birth in the United States was 77.8 years in 2004, which is a dramatic increase from 49.2 years in 1900 to 1902.” The paper attempts to use this information as well as information about the trend in the physical activity levels of to establish a...
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...“Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception.” (Howard Crystal) In Health 1000 we were asked to read the book Still Alice. I have never dealt with or have done any study on Alzheimer’s disease before reading this book. After finishing this book it has really opened my eyes to how bad of a disease and how it cripples the mind. I never imagined the effect of this disease on a patient and the patient family. This book is about a upper middle aged lady named Alice who is diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, and how she and her family learn how to deal with disease. One of the things this book has made me realize is that literally anybody can get Alzheimer. It doesn’t matter if you are the President of the United States of America or super wealthy. This disease will take everything from you such as you intelligence and dignity as a human being. In the book Alice was a well-respected professor at Harvard, who was also well thought of in the community. After being diagnosed this disease it destroyed her career and eventually ended her life too. After finding out about her disease she tries to keep it to herself but eventually realizing she has to let John know about it. At first John refuses to believe her and makes Alice go through multiply testing till he finally admits that she has Alzheimer disease. Once he admits that Alice has Alzheimer...
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... Cervical Subluxation Cervical subluxation is a separation of the neck bones (cervical vertebrae) that occurs because of injury to the ligaments that hold the vertebrae together. The cervical vertebrae are made up of seven bones. These vertebrae support your head and also protect the spinal cord as it passes through the neck. CAUSES This condition may be caused by injury or trauma with sudden impact. It commonly occurs when the neck is extended too far. This can happen from: • A car accident. This is the most common cause of this condition. • A sports injury. • A fall. • A violent physical attack. SYMPTOMS Symptoms can vary depending on the angle of separation to the cervical vertebrae. Symptoms include: • Neck pain or tenderness with touch. • Neck pain with movement. • Headaches. • Stiff neck. • Difficulty moving the neck. • Muscle spasms in the neck. • Dizziness. With a spinal cord or nerve root injury in the neck, symptoms may also include: • Arm or leg weakness and numbness. • A weak hand grasp. This may cause you to drop objects. • Poor handwriting. • Falling or having difficulty with balance. • Loss of bowel or bladder control (incontinence). DIAGNOSIS This condition is diagnosed with a physical exam, medical history, and imaging tests. Tests may include: • X-rays. • CT scan. • MRI. TREATMENT Treatment for this condition depends on the severity of the condition. Treatment may involve: • Wearing a neck brace or collar to support...
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...Degenerative Disc Disease The vertebral column acts as a support system for the whole of the human body, it gives our body shape, support, stability and allows nervous impulses to be travelled through the column to allow movement. Although this provides support for the body, it needs to be able to keep its shape and stand upright by itself, it does this by containing spinal discs between each pair of vertebrae, the discs are composed of fibrocartilage and keep the vertebrae together in the spinal column, it also allows for some movement and prevents bones from rubbing against each other. Degenerative disc disease is a skeletal disorder that causes the spinal discs in the vertebrae to deteriorate, losing their mass, elasticity, flexibility and...
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...Some people could experience moderate joint anguish from minor damage; nevertheless, the soreness can typically by way of subsided readily by resting. That being stated, there are others who have joint discomfort for various reasons comparable to infections, autoimmune illnesses, inflammatory conditions and degenerative ailments. Damage-related joint soreness: persistent joint suffering can be as a result of a stressful injury prior to now. Some individuals may even expertise continuous joint agony since of an injury for the leisure of their lives. Some injuries that may cause affliction within the joints are: severe bruising Dislocation or separation of a joint Sprain of a ligament Overuse of the joint or repetitive action of a specific...
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...DOI: 12/13/2012. Patient is a 57-year-old male route sales representative who sustained a work-related injury to his neck and right knee from picking up baskets. Per OMNI, he is diagnosed with cervical degenerative disc disease and right knee meniscus tear. He is status post right knee arthroscopic repair surgery on 04/08/13. Per Orthropedic panel QME report dated 05/13/15, it was noted that the patient started having aches and pains in both of his right shoulder and left knee on 01/01/13 a couple of weeks when he stopped working. He received a cortisone injection to the right shoulder which did not work. Since that time, his right shoulder pain worsened. He has difficulty keeping static positions with his right arm. He is unable to reach behind his back. He has left knee pain inside the kneecap. On examination of the right shoulder, there is impingement syndrome with some limitation of range of motion. Bothe knees show degenerative joint disease with crepitus and medial joint line tenderness. There is some edema in the distal lower extremities....
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...Osteoarthritis was first discovered in 1925 by Russell Cecil and Benjamin Archer.Russell Cecil was an orthopedic surgeon and Benjamin Archer was an physician. Cecil and Archer named the disease the “menopause arthritis”. Years later they change it to Osteoarthritis because it was not related to menopause at all,after further research. Now to what is Osteoarthritis is exactly. Osteoarthritis also called degenerative arthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down. Basically the joint is no longer able to move without friction and severe pain. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, at least twenty-seven million Americans are affected by this disease. Around the age of eighty, mostly...
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...arthritis does not refer to one disease. It is an informal way used to refer to a joint disease or joint pain. There are more than 100 arthritis types and related conditions. Arthritis can affect people of all ages, genders, and races. This disease is one of the leading disability cases in the US. According to statistics, there are over 50 million adults and about 300,000 children living with some type of arthritis. Arthritis affects more women than men and is more frequent in older people. Symptoms Of Arthritis The most common symptoms of arthritis are swelling, stiffness, pain and a significant decrease in range of motion. In most cases, these symptoms come and go. They might be severe, moderate, or mild. Most patients have reported that the symptoms stay the same for years, but there are cases where they progress over time. Severe arthritis is known to cause chronic pain leading to the inability to handle daily...
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...Osteoarthritis is a very common degenerative condition that affects tens of millions of Americans with treatment options varying from pain medicine management to surgical joint replacement. Because osteoarthritis is a chronic incurable disease, therapies using pharmacological methods are not always preferable due to side effects stemming from long term medicine use. Resistance training treatment is a potentially effective form of treatment, using resistance exercises to strengthen musculature surrounding the joint to alleviate stress on the joint. Several studies show significant improvement in pain management and...
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...and the proximal carpal row. Whilst Degenerative changes have most commonly been associated with increased age, overuse injuries or positive ulnar variance which causes ulnocarpal impaction during wrist movements and degradation of the TFCC This is where I will place your video submission. You do not need to do anything here. This is just a space saver. This is where I will place your video submission. You do not need to do anything here. This is just a space saver. Typical patient features and presenting history: Populations most at risk of TFCC tears are gymnasts and racquet sport players due to the large compressive forces applied to the wrist in extension and ulnar deviation or patients with the degenerative conditions listed above. Patients with a TFCC tear will present with ulnar sided wrist pain and a “clicking” sensation during movements such as wrist extension and ulnar deviation. The mechanism of injury will normally be a traumatic incident (i.e. A fall onto on outstretched hand) or a history of repetitive compressive activities applied to the wrist, such as tennis. When describing their symptoms the patient should describe symptoms that are aggravated by activity and improve with rest. They may also report generalized weakness and swelling over the dorsal ulnar aspect of the wrist. Top 3 differential diagnoses: The top 3 differential diagnoses for a TFCC tear are arthritis of the distal radio-ulnar joint, Kienbock’s disease (Avascular Necrosis of the Lunate)...
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...humans the ability to physically move, by using the muscles and skeletal system which, as the name implies consists of the muscular system and the human skeleton. Bones are connected to each other at the joints by ligaments or cartilage and skeletal muscle is attached to bones, usually by tendons. With advancing age, all tissues and organs suffer many changes in the normal way it functions and the muscles normally suffer the most damage. Research indicates that the aging of the musculoskeletal system starts usually after age 30 but it may start a little early or later in different individuals depending upon their genetic makeup ,dietary and environmental factors as well aslifestyle choices. Commonly Observed Changes Some of the most commonly observed changes in the anatomy and physiology of musculoskeletal system with aging are: a decrease in the total amount of muscle fibers due to the depressed productive capacity of cells to produce proteins. In addition, the size of muscles cells, fibers and tissue; this is also knownas generalized muscular atrophy. There is total loss of muscle bulk, power and strength of all major muscle groups like deltoids, biceps, triceps, hamstrings, and other major muscles. One can also expect wasting or wear and tear of the protective cartilage of joints that normally acts as a shock-absorber and gliding agent that prevents the bone from frictional injuries. Another change is stiffening and fibrosis of connective tissue that decreases the range of motion...
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...small frame, gender, age, ethnicity, and genetics. (MacGill, 2015) Osteoarthritis mostly affects the joint; it is sometimes called the degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis is more common in older people. More men are affected than women with osteoarthritis. Younger people can develop the disease usually as a result of a joint injury, a joint malformation, or a genetic defect. In osteoarthritis, the surface layer of the cartilage breaks and wears away; this than allow the bones under the cartilage to rub together, causing pain, swelling and loss of motion of the joint. Joints that the disease affects most are the fingers, thumbs, neck, lower back, knees and hips. Stiffness, swelling and crunching feeling in the joints areas would be a signs of osteoarthritis. (Gayle Lester, Ph.D., Joan McGowan, Ph,D.,, 2013) Muscular Atrophy is the wasting or loss of muscle tissue. There are two types of muscle atrophy. Disuse atrophy is when the muscle is not being use enough; this type is reversible with exercise and better nutrition. Neurogenic atrophy occurs when there is an injury, or disease of a nerve that connects to the muscle. Neurogenic atrophy is more severe and tends to occur more suddenly. (Joseph V. Camelllone, M.D., 2015) The probable effects on the everyday life our 84 year old female can be debilitating if the diseases are at an advance stage. If not managing the diseases will be difficult but...
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...Skeletal.eap3am 8/20/02 1:20 PM Page 50 50 The Body Systems: Clinical and Applied Topics The Skeletal System 6 The skeletal framework of the body is composed of at least 206 bones and the associated tendons, ligaments, and cartilages. The skeletal system has a variety of important functions, including the support of soft tissues, blood cell production, mineral and lipid storage, and, through its relationships with the muscular system, the support and movement of the body as a whole. Skeletal system disorders can thus affect many other systems. The skeletal system is in turn influenced by the activities of other systems. For example, weakness or paralysis of skeletal muscles will lead to a weakening of the associated bones. Although the bones you study in the lab may seem rigid and permanent structures, the living skeleton is dynamic and undergoing continual remodeling. The remodeling process involves bone deposition by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. As indicated in Figure A-16, the net result of the remodeling varies depending on: 2. The applied physical stresses: Heavily stressed bones become thicker and stronger, and lightly stressed bones become thinner and weaker. Skeletal weakness can therefore result from muscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis (p. 66) or the muscular dystrophies (p. 65), and conditions that affect CNS motor neurons, such as spinal cord injuries (p. 75), demyelination disorders (p. 72), or multiple sclerosis (pp. 72, 82). 3....
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