...“Titanic: Three Ways the Disaster Changed Laws and Safety on the Seas” is a newspaper article found in a New York Daily News issue. It was written to give the reader insight on the new laws that were passed after the sinking of the Titanic. It goes into great detail giving the reader the information they are looking for. “Titanic: Three Ways the Disaster Changed Laws and Safety on the Seas” is written for the purpose of informing the reader on the changes that were made after the tragedy of the Titanic. Nicole Bitette is an innovative writer with a focus on online content that provides the reader with more inside coverage. Bitette has been writing articles for the New York Daily News for the past 3 years, where she has written over 975 online...
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...Deepwater Horizon oil rig. More than 8,000 birds, sea turtles, and marine mammals were found injured or dead in the six months after the spill. Learn How Oil Impacts: * Birds * Mammals * Sea turtles and other reptiles * Fish and aquatic invertebrates * Wildlife Refuges The long-term damage caused by the oil and the nearly 2 million gallons of chemical dispersants used on the spill may not be known for years. Immediate Impacts In the months following the Gulf oil disaster, wildlife managers, rescue crews, scientists and researchers saw many immediate impacts of the oil impacting wildlife. * Oil coated birds' feathers, causing birds to lose their buoyancy and the ability to regulate body temperature. * Mammals could have ingested oil, which causes ulcers and internal bleeding. * Sea turtles were covered in oil * Dead and dying deep sea corals were discovered seven miles from the Deepwater Horizon well. Long Term Impacts Though oil is no longer readily visible on the surface, it isn’t gone. Scientists have found significant amounts on the Gulf floor, and the oil that has already washed into wetlands and beaches will likely persist for years. We likely will not see the full extent of impacts for many years, which makes creating and implementing successful restoration plans a serious challenge. * Sick Dolphins - As part of the official investigation into impacts of the Deepwater Horizon disaster, a team of scientists did comprehensive physicals...
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...Research Paper on Maritime Technology and Environmental Regulations 1-0: Introduction Two vessels collided on august 1990 near Gibraltar in Spain resulting in a sea disaster and oil spill. Sea Spirit along with the Norwegian gas tanker collided head on causing a spill of about 8000Tons of oil. Oil contamination in the marine spread far, even reaching the Moroccan coast in form of cakes, tar balls, and oil packs. Similar to this disaster is the major oil spill that occurred on July in 1979 near Trinidad and Tobago caused by the Atlantic Empress. The spill allegedly resulted in the largest oil spill of 287,000Metric tons of oil ever to be recorded. The disaster was never totally remedied since during pull away from the scene, the tanker continued to spill an additional substantial amount of oil. Conversely, the Aegean Captain also leaked large amount of oil. Some moments later on, Atlantic Empress sank deeply with its cargo remaining solidified. However, the spill from the two ships never reached the shores of the ocean. 2-0: Similarities 2-1: Similarities in environmental effects In terms of ecological contamination, Both Sea Spirit and Atlantic Empress caused major impacts on sea animal and plant life. Sea birds became highly affected dipping the insulating capacity among such animals. Birds became highly vulnerable to temperature changes and less buoyant in water. The two oil spills contributed to huge impairments and disabilities related to flight in aquatic birds (Horn...
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...individuals and institutions whose work is helped us to prepare this research paper. We are also grateful to multiple webpage and link in related to climate change and sea level rise. We are also grateful to Bangladeshi local NGOs and their documents in related sea level rise. Sea level rise: Impacts on Bangladesh and the role of NGOs Introduction: climate change is one of the most raising issues in contemporary world. Global warming is an important cause if climate change. The temperature of the world is increasing day by day. As a result the ice of arctic areas is melting. And this is raising the sea level. Though the temperature is increasing equally all over the world but all the countries of the world are not equally affected by this global warming. Usually costal areas, islands, and lower lands are mostly affected by this sea level rise. They are flooded badly each year because of this sea level rise. Global warming not only affects the environmental life but also they affect the political economic and infrastructural basis. Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries of sea level rise. As it is a costal and lower land, so here lives and properties are at a severe risk. One of the island of Bangladesh, named South Talpatti Island has already sank because of sea level rise. NGOs role is very important for Bangladesh. NGOs can play vital role in many ways. NGOs can supply knowledge and information through research which...
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...of the most historically known natural disasters that has ever occurred within the 50 United States in the 1900. The hurricane that started out as a tropical storm was one of the most deadly events that have ever taken place during that time. As everyone prepared for the common tropical storm they did not realize it was becoming stronger and stronger during September 3rd and 4th. The hurricane increased and made its way through different parts of Florida, and landed on the coast of Texas. It was predicted by a local weatherman that the island of Galveston would suffer a great loss to the large city. This prediction was on the way he observed the rough seas and high waves that became more active by the hour. This weatherman who was known as Dr. Isaac M. Cline took it upon himself, rode out in the danger of the weather to worn people to seek high ground. When the hurricane touched down on the island of Galveston the wind matured to 120 miles per hour, and the sea rose more than 15 feet. The Category 4 hurricane of the Saffir-Simpson scale took many lives by drowning. It was estimated that more than 9,000 residents lost their lives. After leaving the island the hurricane maintained a strong tropical storm passing through many of the central states and weakened once it made it through the Great Lakes making its way back out to the North Atlantic Ocean. Compare past and present legislation in effect to reduce the impacts of natural disasters such as hurricanes: There were a few...
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...were used to help fight the fire, but they were used incorrectly due to improper training. Out of the 42 hydrants on board, only one-quarter should have been used at once or pressure would be lost. Over half of the hydrants had been opened and most of the water pressure was lost. The wooden interior had was installed to look attractive and grand for the passengers, only acted as an accelerant to the fire. Acting Captain Warms was accused of “several charges including ‘misconduct, negligence and intention to duty’” and eventually convicted of negligence in 1936. (Sea Girt Lighthouse Citizens Committee) The following year, charges were dropped. Judge Augustus wrote that Warms “maintained the best tradition of the sea y staying on his ship until the bridge burned under him and no one else was aboard” (Sea Girt Lighthouse Citizens Committee). Many of the crewmen aboard the ship had shown bad judgement during the disaster, either from lack of training or disregard of duty in order to save...
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...COAST and Coastal Fisher Community 1. Work with Fisheries COAST Trust is a national development organization working in the coastal areas of Bangladesh, and Equity and Justice Working Group Bangladesh (Equitybd) is an advocacy and campaign component of COAST Trust. We have strong advocacy and campaigning program on coastal livelihood development, climate change and environment. We are trying to provide technical and financial support to the coastal poor people to improve their livelihoods. COAST implements its entire advocacy program with Community Led Approach (CLP). Under its Social Justice section COAST works to develop People’s Organization or Community Based Organizations (CBO) with the participation or leadership of the poor themselves. The main aim of the social justice section is to ensure social justice, in other words empowerment for the coastal people. As one of the core division of COAST, Social Justice (SJ) division is aiming to build counter leadership from the poor at local level who has the capacity for demand mediation, ability to organize local issue-based movement, empowers to challenge any irregularity. SJ also act as catalyst for having public service and rights in between public agencies and people; strengthening local government institution; action and awareness on human rights issues; support to protect violence against women (VAW) and acid throwing; political reform; and enhance capacity of democratic institutions at local...
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...and spilling between 3 and 4 million barrels of crude oil into the ocean. A commission set by the US president to investigate the cause of the massive spill found that management failures were at the core (Werdigier, 2010). This was further compounded by the lack of sufficient government oversight into the drilling of offshore oil wells. Furthermore, the commissions report argued that the failures were systemic and that without requisite measures, the events were likely to recur. The disaster however was not solely BP’s undoing but was as a result of multiple organizations’ failures. The pollution disaster was especially bad for the environment. These events led to the close evaluation of BP’s management which had sold itself as being driven by environmental safety only to be undone by this disaster and come off as a company more driven by the desire to cut costs (Chazan, Faucon & Casselman, 2010). An analysis of the events leading up to the disaster shows that BP had other major industrial disasters spanning from 2005. First, 15 people died and 180 were injured in an explosion of the Texas oil refinery where, since BP took over management in 1999, extensive cost cutting had stripped safety standards to a bare minimum (Murray & Trevor, 2010). The second, a year later, was a corroded pipe near Prudhoe Bay that burst spilling around 200,000 gallons of crude oil. Just like in...
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...There are two types of disasters: Natural and Manmade or Human Induced Disasters. Disasters that occur due to abrupt changes in the earth systems and weather conditions are called as natural disasters. These disasters have further been classified into – Planetary and Extra-Planetary Disasters. Disasters that occur on land and in atmosphere due to changes in earth systems or the geological conditions and atmosphere are called as Planetary Disasters. These disasters have further been classified into – Terrestrial and Atmospheric disasters. Disasters that remain confined to land and bottoms of oceans are called as terrestrial disasters. Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides and mine disasters are some examples of terrestrial disasters. Atmospheric disasters are caused due to atmospheric events. Tropical cyclones, droughts, floods etc. are some examples of atmospheric disasters. Disasters occurring due to collisions between the earth and space bodies or due to physical forces between them are called as extra-planetary disasters. High tide waves, hurricanes, landslides, movements of rocks, changes in sea level, biological extinctions etc. are examples of extra- planetary disasters. Disasters that are caused due to human intervention in the natural processes or due to his activities related to development and war are called as man- made disasters. Occurrence of epidemics, nuclear hazards, industrial accidents, biological war fares, bioterrorism etc. are man-...
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...Between 1990 and 2008, more than 750 million people—50 per cent of South Asia’s population—were affected by at least one type of disaster, resulting in almost 230,000 deaths and about 45 billion dollars in damages (World Bank, 2009). Disasters experienced in the region include floods, landslides, windstorms, sea surges, and cyclones. Climate change has increased the probability and intensity of natural disasters. Droughts are projected to be more intense and prolonged in the arid and semiarid areas of India and Bangladesh, while landslides and glacial lake outburst floods will be more frequent in the mountain regions of Bhutan and Nepal. The Global Climate Risk Index (CRI), 2015, prepared by Germanwatch analyses the impact extent of extreme weather events such as floods, storms, landslides, freezing, droughts, wildfires, hail, tornados etc. The 2015 index is based on the twenty year data from 1994 to 2013. The GCRI reveals the extent of exposure and vulnerability to extreme events by considering the fatalities and economic losses caused by the disasters...
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...warming, is that it causes major temperature change. Not only is that the most well-known, but it is also the one you see most dominantly. So, we know the effects of global warming on the world can be disastrous, but what about the effects on Florida? Global warming can have catastrophic effects on the state of Florida, including the destruction of the many ecosystems in our state through an increase of natural disasters, the rising of temperatures causing rising sea levels, and a decrease in the...
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...SOLVING BP’S PROBLEMS REGARDING THE GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL Presented to Board of Directors Oil and Energy Company, BP Prepared by John Molson School of Business Representative Bachelor of Commerce, Accounting Major March 23, 2011 MEMORANDUM DATE: March 23, 2011 TO: Board of Directors, Oil and Energy Company, BP FROM:, , Bachelor of Commerce, Accounting Major SUBJECT: SOLVING BP’S PROBLEMS REGARDING THE GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL Here is the report regarding the oil spill catastrophe that resulted from the explosion of Deepwater Horizon, which took place on April 20th 2010. The damages caused by this mishap are assessed and analyzed in this report. This report also includes recommendations made by experts in the specified fields relating to solving the issues brought fourth by this aforementioned spill. Despite the horrific consequences that have affected the global environment, BP’s reputation and BP’s financial assets due to this oil spill, certain efforts must be made on PB’s part in order to maintain a healthy environment for all living organisms on this planet. The information gathered in this report explores the methods at which BP could engage in this restoration process. Different methods that can be used to clean up the oil spill will be investigated in order to derive the best possible solution for BP. I am grateful towards BP’s board of directors for accepting...
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...fuels, agriculture, transportation and infrastructure. The second is natural causes which include volcanic eruptions and variations in solar outputs. These causes have negative effect on the natural environment which leads to increasing of temperature, increasing in sea level, changing of precipitations, extremely weather, killing species of animals, birds, fish and plants. This essay will show that the causes of climate change have different effects on the environment. Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations, volcanic eruptions and solar outputs, have negative impacts on animals, plants, and environment. Climate is always changeable. One winter can be early, another late; one summer wet, another dry (Carter 2000,34). For the last century climate has dramatically changed. Consequences of climate change may manifest itself as rapid and through the long period of time. Climate change could lead to number of catastrophic disasters as droughts, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes and volcanic eruptions. For example earthquakes in New Zealand, China, Chilie, and Haiti, floods in Australia, Pakistan and India, volcanic eruption in Iceland, tornado in Dakota in the USA, Montana supercell thunderstorm and recent disasters in Japan. By climatologists’ evidence there are two causes with several factors that have a response for the...
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...have expected. Not only has Katrina wiped out homes, and has left thousands of people homeless. The high waters caused levees and canals to fail, flooding 80% of New Orleans and many nearby neighborhoods. In New Orleans, long-term searching and settling of the area created a shoreline without its natural buffers and a town which was below sea level. Natural environment services controlling water flow and drainage were substituted for machines levees and pumps to prevent water off the roads. The unintended consequences that led to the disaster in New Orleans from Katrina was the delta formed over millennia from sediments deposited of the mouth of The Mississippi River. The city’s development has disrupted the delta building process at the locations of New Orleans. For sea and river commerce, over the years engineers have constructed a system of canals to aid navigation and of levees to control flooding, since the city is at or below sea level. The canals allowed salt water to intrude and kill the freshwater march vegetation. Law enforcement officials from across the Gulf Coast region candidly admit that they were unprepared for the disaster of Katrina. Their struggle in the wake of the storm to carry out their mission of service is an extraordinary tale of dedication and resilience. Their struggle, and the lessons to be learned from it, should serve as a wakeup call to the nation’s state and local law...
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...Natural disasters are not often natural disasters, but are in fact human. There is great damage and loss of life for both natural and human disasters. Prevention methods may help reduce the impacts but depending on the scale and characteristics of the disaster, they can prove ineffective. Japan’s 2011 earthquake is an example where an MEDC prepared for the occurrence of a disaster, their history and knowledge of earthquakes lead to the reduction in damage caused by the high 9.0 magnitude. For example, building regulations were in place ensuring the design of all buildings, especially high raise flats or offices, could with stand the violent shaking of the ground. Despite this, an unexpected tsunami destroyed buildings and agricultural areas up to 10km inland. This tsunami not only topped a sea wall but also shows that humans had no control or methods to stop the water from travelling in populated areas. In contrast to this disaster, Haiti experienced a magnitude 7 earthquake. The effects of the earthquake were much greater than those from Japan due to the lack of preparation and prevention methods. Building designs were poor, with only using heavy concrete walls and roofs; a material certain to cause vast amounts of damage when shaken. This disaster could have been mitigated if the correct precautions were undertaken by officials, as unlike the tsunami in Japan, damages caused by the earthquakes to buildings and lives would have been greatly reduced, therefore the Haiti...
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