...drawn from the question of “what is truth?” It also seems to be that no single take on that question can be deemed as indisputably correct. Whether in search of the meaning of “truth” or of the meaning of “Truth” the discussion will always boil down to there not being clear cut distinction or boundary between true and false. This last statement is applicable to the Liar’s Paradox, where the paradox analyzes the logic behind statements such as “this sentence is a lie;” the contentious point being to try and decipher whether it is true that the sentence is a lie and therefore the sentence is false, or whether the sentence’s being true means that the sentence lies about it itself being a lie and is, in fact, true. It seems less applicable to say that there is not a clear cut boundary between truth and falsehood, however, with such statements as “it is true that the Earth is round.” On the contrary, in this case it seems very clear cut that it is in fact true that the Earth is round. No one can argue otherwise without quickly being shown contradictory proof (barring any sort of infinite regress of truth in the epistemological sense, which is not a practical argument in this sense as that would only dispute that we cannot be aware of truth, not that truth exists or that it is able to be known). The point remains, however, that there are situations in which true and false are not easily discernible. What, then, is it that differentiates the truth of statements such as “this sentence...
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...Truth is a hard word to define. In fact, I do not think there is any definition that defines it in a way everyone could agree on. The Oxford Dictionary defines “truth” as “the quality or state of being true” which is vague to begin with. The same dictionary has fourteen different definitions of the word “true”. Even one of the most prestigious sources of references for the English language has a hard time defining truth. This is an important thing to consider before I share my definition of the truth as it relates to advertising because I recognize that it is limited by my own narrow perspective. I hope that as I work in advertising and face more ethical dilemmas, my definition of truth expands and evolves. On the most extreme side is the belief that truth is the undeniable facts....
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...Cesar Paulo S. Castor V 9/27/2013 Ph100 A Discourse on the Discourse In A Discourse on the Method, Descartes talk of his desire for certainty and truth and the method he uses to determine truth and falsity. The text shows Descartes method of making certain the knowledge he obtains and he does not limit this to philosophical knowledge he uses his method in seeking all forms of truth be it the sciences, theology or philosophy. Throughout the text Descartes talks of the importance of certainty and truth and begins by stating that the ability to distinguish what is true and false, or “good sense” as Descartes called it, is not a talent inherent to a few chosen intellectuals who received education but as something that everyone possesses and can develop. He backs this up by making an account of his years studying in both the literature of the ancients and the sciences and despite all his studying ended up realizing that he was still had doubts about what he had learned. He realized that knowledge and certainty could not be gained from books alone because some wrote not to find truth but to make ideas plausible and to Descartes anything that was tantamount to plausible was the same as false. (Descartes 2006, 10) What was important to Descartes for discerning true from false was not book smarts but more on life experience and exposure to different opinions. The method he uses to find certainty is something that uses discernment from one’s own reason to make it certain...
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...they don’t only believe this but find some sort of joy in it too. The simple fact is that we have been numbed of all sensitivity towards violence, rape and murder, and the newspapers have to keep up with our continuous craving for juicier, more ‘interesting’ news. The death of a four year old child seems to be made unimportant compared to the ridiculous resolutions passed by one of our ministers. This is what sensationalism is all about. A public ploy with the sole purpose of selling newspapers – and it works beautifully! The business of news-making - and it is most certainly a business – has two key components nowadays: to influence and to sell. Unfortunately, to inform is not very high on their priority list anymore. This is the simple truth that many of us don’t seem to realise. The media and newspapers in particular have transformed into a corporation that will practically do anything to simply increase their profits even to the extent of altering news. Our idea and expectation of news agencies are for them to objectively inform us of what is happening around us and not to entertain us with information that time and again humiliates others. We oftentimes think the catchy headlines of an article are ingenious and clever. In my opinion, the only things these newspapers catch out are their readers. It wasn’t too long ago when I came across a poster with the words written: “Priest murdered by upcoming cult”. I was shocked and interested at the same time and decided to learn...
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...study of recognition, but one thing they all agree on is that cognition needs to be studied within evolutionary theory3. There are two main distinctions within the field of evolutionary epistemology. The first approach, known as Evolution of Epistemological Mechanisms (EEM), focuses on the development of physiological traits that control cognitive mechanisms, that is, philosophers extend the biological theory of evolution to the biological substrates of cognition (i.e. the brain, sensory systems, motor systems, etc.)3. Proponents of this program assert that language, science, and/or culture are understood to be the result of biological evolution3. The other view, known as the Evolutionary Epistemology of Theories (EET), focuses more on discerning the evolution of ideas, scientific theories, and epistemic norms by appealing to relevant biological considerations to develop various models and metaphors3. This program was introduced as a way in which to draw analogies between the evolution of science and natural...
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...self-evident axioms. Among these are that logic and mathematics are at the core of truth, that the scientific method is effective in discerning the truth, and that observable phenomenon is a reflection of reality. These I take on faith so long as they yield results which are self-consistent. I also allow myself beliefs which are not provable even from these axioms, but for which there exists no contradictory evidence. However, there is no conviction I hold so strongly that I consider it infallible. All beliefs should be challenged, and I am constantly revising my beliefs to cater to logic and nature. Still, I can and must have some beliefs for which there is no proof, but none for which there exists evidence that contradicts them. Above all, we must believe logic and mathematics are the keys to truth. All provably true results are a result of logic, and all results are consistent with one another. This must be taken on faith, for it serves as our only way of objectively approaching truth. Some people have suggested the possibility that we may someday find that logic and mathematics do not govern truth and that indeed there is some more accurate approach we ought to be taking. This, of course, would be a very difficult point to argue to someone who believes logic is key to reality. That aside, logic is embedded in the human brain. It seems to govern thought itself. We accept logic and math as the path to truth because the results they yield are verifiable. Denying logic the right to...
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...Intellectual Education It has been emphasized in earlier chapters that education is not only an individual process, but a social process as well. The individual is born into the family and through the family, becomes a member of society. Society is an aggregate of many individuals, institutions, and functions, diversified in themselves, yet capable of a high degree of unification and integration for the social good. Man must live in society, conform to the customs of his group, and make the necessary adjustments to conventional standards, laws, and social forces. The experiences that the individual must undergo, as an interacting and cooperating member of society, are intimately related to the achievement of his final destiny. To equip the individual to meet these experiences and to be successful therein, various specific types of education are essential. Each of these types requires, fundamentally, the acquisition of specific knowledge, the formation of socially desirable habits and skills, the development of wholesome attitudes and appreciations, and the assimilation of the essential elements of the social heritage. For this assimilation to be effective, the social forces which influence the individual’s morality, personality, and character must be brought under proper control. This can be accomplished only when all agencies and institutions constituting society are governed completely and administered strictly according to the unchanging principles of the moral law. Those...
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..."THINK ON THESE THINGS" (Philippians 4:8) A Critique of Telling Yourself the Truth, by William Backus & Marie Chapian and The Lies We Believe, by Chris Thurman Much current "Christian" counseling is heavily rooted in Freud, promoting archaeological digs into the hidden recesses of one's past and strong encouragement to see oneself as a victim of the sins of others. In contrast to this increasingly popular approach, other Christian authors have opted for the cognitive techniques developed primarily by Albert Ellis, founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT).1 Two key examples are Telling Yourself the Truth and The Lies We Believe (abbreviated as TYT and LWB). Both Backus and Thurman give credit to Ellis for his ideas. However, it should be noted at the outset that Ellis is an aggressive atheist who believes that religious faith is grounded in "irrational" ideas and is evidence of mental instability. (See Discernment Publications' critique of Ellis in "Exposing the Roots" series.) At first glance, the cognitive approach may appear consistent with biblical teachings about renewal of the mind. Personal responsibility is a critical emphasis, in opposition to the prevalent "victim" theory that permeates too much modern counseling. However, as we shall explore more fully, there is nevertheless a wide chasm between the REBT of Albert Ellis and scriptural truth. In addition to Albert Ellis, Thurman quotes and credits M. Scott Peck, a popular author who espouses New Age theology...
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...language. Depending on the context of the person, a simple hand motion or a crossing of the lips can have varied meanings, sometimes positive or negative. A good observant can tell whether a person is telling the truth or shying away from it just from his/her body posture, facial expressions or even through the tone of voice. In a work environment, communication and interactions among staffs and members do not always hold a sense of honesty as one would expect. People often do not tell the truth during interviews, meetings or interrogations. However, such deceiving acts can be caught if one were to carefully monitor a person's behavior and body language. What takes place in the mind in many cases transfers to body movements and postures that mean something, which act as cues whether that person is being honest or not. Here I am going to discuss some of the many body languages that people show when they are being dishonest or lying, with or without being aware of them. Liars usually do not make eye contact or avoid it when they are making a false statement. If a person has been giving you good eye contact throughout the conversation and if he or she starts looking down or away when they reach to the crucial bits, then that might be a hint that the person is not telling the truth. People when lying can seem rigid or fidget and look uncomfortable or make hand to face gestures. They may touch...
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...In thesis writing, the most difficult part to write is Chapter 1 (Introduction/The Problem). As they say, the most difficult part of any endeavor is the starting point. This is because the first chapter is where you conceptualize your entire research. The whole research/thesis can be reflected in Chapter 1 including expected results or outcomes. For your guidelines, please read the following sample format of Chapter 1. Remember, the format is not universal, meaning it could vary from one school to another and/or from one course to another. CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM Chapter 1 includes the following subtopics, namely: 1) Rationale; 2) Theoretical Framework; 3) Conceptual Framework/Paradigm; 4) Statement of the problem; 5) Hypothesis (Optional); 6) Assumption (Optional); 7) Scope and Delimitation; 8) Importance of the study; 9) Definition of terms. 1) Rationale (Background of the study) -Describe the problem situation considering global, national and local forces. Justify the existence of the problem situation by citing statistical data and authoritative sources. Make a clinching statement that will relate the background to the proposed research problem. 2) Theoretical Framework -Discuss the theories and/or concepts, which are useful in conceptualizing the research. 3) Conceptual Framework/Paradigm -Identify and discuss the variables related to the problem. Present a schematic diagram of the paradigm of the research and discuss the relationship of the elements/variables...
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...Love is… Love is... Being happy for other person when they are happy Being sad for person when they are sad Being together for good times And being together in bad times Love is..., the source of strength Love is... Being honest with yourself of all times Being honest with the other person at all times Telling, listening, respecting the truth And never pretending Love is..., the source of reality Love is... an understanding that is so complete that You feel as if you are part of the other person Accepting the other person just the way he/she is And not trying to change him/her to be something else Love is..., the source of unity Love is... The freedom to pursue your own desires While sharing your experience with other person The growth of one individual alongside of the other And together with the growth of both Love is..., the source of success Love is... The excitement of planning things together The excitement of doing things together Love is..., the source of the future Love is... The fury of the storm The calm of the rainbow Love is...., the source of passion Love is... Giving and taking in a daily situation being Patient with each other’s needs and desires Love is... the source of sharing Love Knowing that the person Will always be with you regardless of what happens Missing the other person when they are away But remaining near in heart at all times Love is... the source of security Love is... the...
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...and Career Plan Building Activity: Reasoning Aptitude both worked in concert to give me an overall view of my moral and ethical outlook in an academic and professional capacity. I utilized these two test to aid in fortifying my strengths and recognizing and building on my weakness. The Ethical Lens Inventory (ELI) determined my preferred lens as Rights and Responsibilities and my Core Values as Autonomy and Rationality/Sensibility. Combined these results state the truth of the range of my moral capacity. ELI summarizes my definition of ethical behavior as one who fulfills their duties as an individual and responsible adult who makes responsible choices that benefit the community. I am an individual first and part of the community second, but in all things I seek truth, justice, fairness, and equality. The Your Gift section of the Inventory best describes my view of what everybody should bring to any situation, Self-Knowledge and Free Will. I use my resources and skills to gather and verify information and truth for myself and use it in accordance with what is right and true. Every coin has two sides. The Inventory’s negative traits state I’m can become greedy or judgmental and in my quest to my “Responsible Self” I could face failure, exhaustion, and a lack of satisfaction in the goals I strive to achieve. The ELI as it pertains to my academic behavior is the same attitude I have in my professional and personal lives. First and foremost, I always treat others with respect...
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...and Ethical Language are about facts. Discuss. In order to analyse whether language, religious or ethical are about facts it is vital to define facts. According to Honderich a fact can be defined as the worldly correlation of a true proposition, in other words a state of affairs make a statement true or false. There are two main schools of thought as to how ethical and religious language is to be treated. The cognitivists argue that statements about religion and ethics possess truth value, and hence can be known. As such the case such statements can be about facts. For example ‘Hitler is evil’ or ‘God exists’ is knowable in the sense that it corresponds to events that are occurring in the world. This view presents the correspondence theory of truth, which is what has now become to be known as early Wittgenstein’s writings. It argues that statements are true so far as in it paints a picture about the world it must relate to and derive meaning out of. As such the case religious and ethical truths are to be discovered. Ethical naturalists such as F.H. Bradley have argued that ethical language is about facts of the world. It is argued that moral statements which are subjective statements about values can be translated into facts or objective statements of fact. Thus it can be argued that ‘Hitler is evil’ is a true statement on the account that he was responsible for mass murder. This view was challenged by Hume. Hume argued that it is not possible to move from an ‘ought’...
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...counselor you have to work with your client’s growth process. Two ways to do this are to apply grace and truth to the sessions and to be able to look at the clients problems in a non-judgmental way. A Christian counselor has to be able to apply both grace and truth in their sessions. “Therefore, having put away falsehood, let each one of you speak the truth with his neighbor, for we are members one of another” (Ephesians 4:25). Christian counseling can be very painful for the client because they have to admit things they do not want to, confronts things they do not want to and take responsibility for things someone could only dream of. But, by being truthful with grace the pain can help the client to overcome their faults and problems and begin to heal and grow closer to Christ. “These are the things that you shall do: Speak the truth to one another; render in your gates judgments that are true and make for peace” (Zech. 8:16). A good counselor who someone tells their problems to needs to be able to support their client and bear the truth. Confrontation is good if given in moderation. A counselor has to confront their client on large and small issues in order for the client to grow and become a mature follower of Christ. Being truthful reflects on God’s character and we identify with Christ (Jn. 14:6). A Christian counselor needs to consider and apply Ephesians 4:15 “Speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in every way into him who is the head, into Christ.”...
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...What is meant by the media convergence with regard to technology, and how has it affected everyday life? This is defined as a process of combining telecommunications and computers thus making them into one form. It seems like everyone has a smart phone that can literally be a mini computer that fits into the palm of their hand. With the advancement of technology you can stay in the comfort of your own home and watch television, listen to music, shop, go to school, and work without leaving the comfort of your home. Using either a computer or your smart phone you can communicate with friends and family online so you don’t have to write a letter and it will get there instantly. This has defiantly changed the way that people communicate with one another on an everyday basis; when my daughter has something to do after school she just sends me a quick text to let me know what is going on, when talking to my family, we usually talk on Facebook because it is right there and doesn’t cost a long distance phone call and we can share things instantly. I think that in so many ways technology has made things so much easier to keep in touch with the things that are going on in the world, when important things happen you can know almost as soon as it does. What are some of the issues that result from dependency on modern media? Describe at least three issues. Some of the issues that stem for depending on modern media so much is the loss of human interaction; we have to be exposed to other...
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