...Howard Zinn was a well known author, historian and a civil rights activist back in 60s. One of Zinn's famous books were “A People's History in The United States”, which talked about history. In chapter 19 of his book, he talks about the radical movements that were started by oppressed groups in the 1960s and 1970s. One of these groups was the women’s movement. Women were suppressed by men in terms of being treated unfairly and being incompetent in the work space. Women had to go out and take actions themselves to get rights such as legalized abortion and fight against sex discrimination. One of the actions taken by women was the right to abort. Before the 1970s, there was about a million abortions performed, where only ten thousand of these...
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...Advocacy Women rights Equality is something that different people have struggled for since anybody can recall. Women of all races, religions and ethnic groups have struggled for several years for equality. Women, both single and married, have faced a number of problems in achieving the equality they desired for years. Women are facing discrimination in all aspects of life since the advent of time. It is a general perception in most of the societies in the world that women had to stay home and cater the needs of their family and it is the job of men to work outside and provide for their women. Whereas, in developed societies, women are allowed to work beside men and they are playing their part in every field of life. Still they face certain problems at work such as they are sexually harassed occasionally, they are underpaid in most fields then men and they are refused maternity leaves. Women are created equal and they have the right to get their voices and concerns heard. They should live their life freely with a sense of dignity, respect and self-worth. They should have equal rights, opportunities and status to participate in religious, social, and public activities. They should get equal opportunity for education and employment without any gender discrimination. In order to give effect to all these rights for women we should create social awareness by using means of print and electronic media. Governments should legislate strict laws for safekeeping the rights...
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...Have you ever wondered what life is like for women and girls in the Middle East? Many people assume that their lives are similar to those of women and girls in the USA. After all, we are treated fairly well. But in some places, especially the Middle East, women have much fewer rights than men. Most don't get a proper education, and all are forced to be extremely modest. That is why we should support women and girls in the Middle East. In the Middle East, women and girls have fewer rights than men. An example of this is arranged marriage. If a woman tries to escape an arranged marriage, her own family can beat and/or kill her. Also, there is a lot of discrimination against women and girls in the Middle East, but women fight back! An example of this is a women’s basketball club in South Saudi Arabia. They use the club to fight against sports discrimination and stereotypes. In addition to all that, women cannot drive. The only woman taxi driver in...
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...DISCRIMINATION SPEECH Discrimination, it is as old as human kind. Some people would say that discrimination is a type of abuse, falling into both the physiological and physical molds. The Homosapians committed this abuse against the Neanderthals, and I think we can all agree that it is one of the sources of most societal ills. Prejudice, bullying, racism are all types of discrimination. Machismo, Homophobia & stereotypes are also products of this abuse. Maybe there is a physiological explanation to all of this, maybe you were raised to discriminate against Jews or Asians, or maybe you had a bad experience with a black man and so you associate black people with that experience. Let's start of with Machismo. It has been around even before the bible, for it features strongly there. It says that women are "unclean" because they get their periods, and that if a mother bears a male child, it's better than if it had been born a girl. This holy book says that women are to blame for the fact that Adam & Eve were kicked out of paradise. Before, if a man could find a stick thinner than his thumb he could LEGALY BEAT HS WIFE & CHILDREN WITH IT! And even now, in places like India and Saudi Arabia, a woman can be RAPED and if she takes the man who raped her to court & doesn’t have 4 male witnesses SHE, THE VICTIM WILL AUTOMATICLY LOSE & be STONED TO DEATH!! And plus, in the Quran, the Islamic version of the Bible, it says that if a woman is raped by a man, she must legally take him...
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...ETH/125 05/06/2012 Debra Bloom Appendix H Women have been looked at as the naturally weaker then the men. Domestic chores is what women were put to do as a job. Men were to keep to the heavy work such as hunting and plowing in labor. Women are taught to care for the children they beard, cook and clean for the household. In laws around the world women were allowed to make contracts, own land, and be sued by others if unmarried. A women who became married gave up everything to her husband, even her name. During the history the men effectively owned his wife and the children as material possessions. Two women, Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, who were temperance and antislavery advocates formed the National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) in New York in 1869. Another women, Lucy Stone, organized American Women Suffrage Association (AWSA) in Boston at the same time. As women start to become leaders in the professional world, they have also jobs once regarded as too physically strenuous. Women have become coal miners, fire fighters and police officers. As they advance professionally, so do their self image. In the professions there are more opportunities. There seems to be a "glass ceiling" a level which women do not rise. Women were, however, paid much less for such work than men, and their economic "value" decreased. It took many decades of determination for the legal reform to end the discrimination against women. Femininity is changing, girls are less romantic...
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...Opportunity Act is the law that has evolved over several generations. The Act covers perspective, current and terminated employees to provide equal opportunities and equality for every individual respective to age, sex, color, gender, race, disability, veteran status, religion and national origin. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission enforces equality in the workplace and ensures all ordinances are emphasized and followed to avoid possible discrimination cases. Probable Defense In the case of the woman that applied for the baseball gear job and sued because she did not get the job, was told she did not have a case to stand on, which could come from any probable defense. There is no evidence that proves that the woman was better than any other applicant or if wrongly denied employment in any form. Even if an appeal goes to the EEOC through their exemptions such as BFOQ, there still is not enough information for a case. For instance, the EEOC has a few exemptions under BFOQ. According to "The Bfoq Exception to Discrimination Laws" (1999), “there is no BFOQ for race or color, the BFOQ exception has been narrowly construed. The employer must prove that only individuals of one sex, national origin, religion or age group can perform the duties of the job in a safe and efficient manner and that the essence of the business would be undermined by not hiring exclusively members of a given class, and customer preferences and stereotypic notions concerning the capabilities of persons...
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...Patterns of Discrimination Student Name Class Instructor Date Deep in the veins of American history, discrimination is an issue that the country is still working to overcome. Throughout history, there are reports of police abusing discretion to satisfy their prejudiced beliefs. Some examples of this are the beating of Rodney King in 1991, the deaths of African American citizens during the Hurricane Katrina tragedy in 2005, detainment of Professor Gates, and, of course, the abuse of African Americans during slavery in the early days of America (Walker, Spohn, & DeLone, 2012). It seems eliminating all discrimination in law enforcement is close to impossible. Today, institutionalized, contextual, and individual acts of discrimination keep the attainment of pure justice just out of society’s reach. Types of Discrimination Institutionalized discrimination is not always intended, but occurs when a policy or procedure inadvertently leaves or singles out a specific group of people. In modern law enforcement practices, this form of discrimination is reflected through the war on drugs. Through research and years of enforcing drug laws, it has come to be expected that the common drug player will be an African American male. Hispanics are also commonly singled out through the war on drugs. While this discrimination is unintentional, African Americans and Hispanics are more likely to be arrested for drug related offenses than their white non-Hispanic counterparts. Because this...
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...Society defines reality as the states of things as it actually occur (Turner, 2012), but what if it is constructed by people in this society to turn it the reality that people thought it was reality? Nowadays society has a very rough idea about what is reality and what is constructed society. They can only understand the captivation of the catchword “reality construction” when they understand which thoughts are meant to be replaced by it in the first place: reality so-called. Different background or places of people have different perception of reality. A understanding of reality will be different in western country as they will feel that having a tan skin is prettier by seeing an advertisement where the model have the tan skin. But in country such as Asian, society will prefer more on pinkish skin but not tan skin as tan skin will be known as a lower class of people. What influences the society is their brain. Our brain constructs the reality that we thought it is a reality. Brain is trapped in the darkness inside of your skull, and all it ever sees are electrical and chemical signals. For example, all the colors people see, and so on, that doesn’t really occur; that’s an interpretation by the brain (Eagleman, 2012). Even though nowadays society has done much research on constructed reality, yet the norm that already been planted on the people mind is hardly to be eliminated. From the advertisement that is provided, it shows that the woman is pinned under a man and another...
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...DISCRIMINATION LAW IN INDONESIA Age Discrimination is common, especially in applying work. Companies are more likely to interview young people than those who are old. In fact, there are several other discrimination that can not be written here. Race Discrimination is often the case where-where that because some people do not like a different race. Or prohibit a race to get into a group that is because he is a hated race. Religion This discrimination is very often occurs mainly in Indonesia due to the residents who are holders of a religion that eventually gave birth to hatred against other groups. Gender This discrimination often occurs in everyday life and in the life of a career. But gradually this type of discrimination begin to be overcome with time. Physical and Spiritual Health Each work is needed healthy workers both physical and spiritual. But if the job does require a person with a disability? A lot of office work can actually be done by workers who have disabilities such as limb defects. By reading these terms, for people who have a physical disability, he felt eliminated and it seems there is no place to work for people who have physical disabilities. Terms of the sexes Since we take values of equality between men and women, should no longer exist job discrimination between men and women. Do women are not worthy of holding the position of manager or become a driver of heavy vehicles? In Singapore, many women who became a taxi driver. Requires a certain age....
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...Zippittelli v. J.C. Penney Company, Inc. The plaintiff, who is 63 years old, brought this employment discrimination suit against her employer, J.C. Penney, after the company failed to promote her to the position of shift operations manager at the company's Moosic, Pennsylvania Customer Service Center. She alleged violations of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. She brought these claims against both the company and the PHRA claims against her supervisor at the Moosic center, James Johnson. She was the first associate hired at the new Customer Service Center in Moosic. James Johnson became personnel manager at the facility in March 1990. Johnson was promoted to manager of the call center in March 1999. After Johnson came to the facility, plaintiff frequently sought promotion to a management position. In 1990, she sought promotion to seasonal shift leader, also known as general lead clerk and was denied both positions. Plaintiff contends that after she complained in 1993 or 1994 to a supervisor about her lack of opportunity for promotion, Johnson told two of her co-workers that plaintiff would "never be promoted while he was there.” This template is formatted according to APA Style guidelines, with one inch top, bottom, left, and right margins; Times New Roman font in 12 point; double-spaced; aligned flush left; and paragraphs indented 5-7 spaces. The page number appears one inch from the right edge on the first line of...
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...5/18/11 Final Paper: Gender Discrimination in HR Gender discrimination has been an issue for many years in our society. Gender, is referred to “the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male” (Macionis, 2008). Throughout history and till this day, there has been unequal distribution of power, wealth, and privilege among men and women especially in the work place. A functionalist might say that there is a function for the gender differentiation. There are jobs that need to be done, where some are more suitable for men than women and vice versa. On the contrary, a conflict theorist would reply that women have low status because they have been exploited by powerful men for the work they do and the children they provide. The difference between male and female is socially created and defined by numerous types of cultures. In our society, males are sought to be as the provider of the household who work to support their family, maintain control, they’re “active,” and “competitive.” Therefore, men are encouraged to hold leadership positions and play sports. Whereas women are the caretakers of the children and family, they do the housework, they’re more “submissive,” “passive” and “emotional.” In turn they’re expected to stay home, be supportive helpers, and be quick to show their feelings, as stated in the textbook. According to Martha C. Nussbaum, in her book, Women and Human Development, she states that women “are treated as mere instruments...
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...comes to stress, women today are juggling more obligations than in the past and feeling the strain. Job pressure, heavy workloads, time management, and other work issues can cause negative responses both physically and emotionally. Defining the word stress is the beginning of understanding and believing there is a problem. Once it is understood, changes can be made to lessen stress and allow the female employee the tools to be successful in the working environment. The definition of stress according to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary is: d : a state resulting from a stress; especially : one of bodily or mental tension resulting from factors that tend to alter an existent equilibrium <job-related stress> According to Rabin (2010), women who are stressed at work, have a 40 percent increase in cardiovascular disease over all, and an 88 percent increase in risk for heart attacks alone. There is a clear need for stress management and employers to understand in this case there is no equality between the sexes. Stress at work is becoming serious, Tyson (2006), it is estimated that each year 9.1 million workdays are lost due to stress. There is growing evidence that not only can stress cause cardiovascular disease, it can cause anxiety disorder, social isolation, and burn out among other issues. According to the website National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, (NIOSH): Gender-specific work stress factors, such as sex discrimination and balancing ...
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...discriminated against for many reasons such as age, race, religion, nationality, and their gender. Gender inequality has been a human rights issue throughout history. Women generally face inequality in most areas of life when compared to men. Women are not treated as equals even when they are as equally skilled and qualified as men as showed in the wages they receive for working the same jobs. The gender inequality women face is reflected by the role women play in their respective government. Countries that have a high rate of women participating in government tend to have greater rights for women. According to the Inter Parliamentary Union (2013), as of the 1st of February 2013 the countries of Rwanda, Andorra, and Cuba have the highest percentage of women in national parliament with 56.3%, 50.0%, and 45.2% respectively. Rwanda Women's role in government reflects the gender equality they face in their country. Countries that have a high rate of women participating in government tend to have equal human rights for both male and females. Countries such as Rwanda, Cuba, and Finlan all have high rates of women involvement in government. They also all have great equal rights laws in place and generally treat women as equals in every way. The opposite is true for the countries that employ few women in government such as Nigeria, Egypt, and Kuwait. Although they may have some laws giving them rights they are generally not treated equal and face heavy discrimination. This paper...
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...Question 1 Using the latest Australian Bureau of Statistics data answer the following questions: Using current statistical information, discuss the inequality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous mortality rates in Australia Whilst the overall health of Australians is amongst the top third of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2010) here is a clear disparity between Indigenous and non-indigenous health when one considers that even in this day and age of modern medicine, Indigenous Australians are expected to live twelve years less than their non-indigenous counterparts for males, and ten years less for females (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2010) Despite significant improvements over the past decade Aboriginal infant mortality is still approximately three times that of non-Aborigines. For ATSI, the reduced overall impact of the communicable diseases has been balanced by a worsening of the "lifestyle" diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease and diabetes which are the biggest single killers of Indigenous peoples and an area where the Indigenous and non-Indigenous health equality gap is most apparent. (Australian Bureau of Statistics,2013) Where in 2012, death in coronary heart disease was number one; Indigenous:non-Indigenous rate ratios was 2:1,and second leading disease was diabetes was 7:0. The third leading cause of death was suicide for Indigenous males and chronic...
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...August 8, 2013 ETH/125 Joyce Hosier Equalities Women and gay/lesbians have come a long way in the world today. History was totally against them and did not give them many choices in life. That is why so many people kept things a secret. Woman did not have many rights and privileges back in early history. Women were thought of as weak and could not perform the work requiring labor. The women were to stay at home and do domestic chores and take care of the family. The men ruled the house and they had to obey what was being told to them. In early history women did not finish their education, so it was important for them to marry a man that could provide for them and their children. Many of the women had to quit school so they could help their mothers take care of the home and her siblings because most of the time the mother had to go and help the father on the farm. It was not until 1963 when the Equal Pay Act was passed, which required women be paid the same amount of wages that men received for doing the same type of work. Before that many women did not work outside of the home. It was thought that you were going against your husband and that was frowned upon by many. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did not allow discrimination against women if there were more than a certain amount of employees. This act made sure that women could work in certain places such as factories. In the beginning most of the women who did have jobs worked in garment factories, doing...
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