...Communicable Disease Outbreak Analysis Evelyn Sutton Western Governor's University Communicable Disease Outbreak Analysis There are many diseases that have become a thing of the past due to vaccines that are routinely given during infancy and early childhood in the United States. These diseases still exist but we just see it very rarely now. When a person is diagnosed with one of these communicable diseases in the United States, it is reported to the Department of Health and Environmental Control and the Centers of Disease Control so it can be investigated further. This is required so they can monitor for any outbreaks that may occur and find the origin of where and how it was contracted. Any case of the measles that is diagnosed in the United States is said to have come over through international travel in some way. Measles Outbreak In December of 2014, during the holiday season, a measles outbreak was beginning at two adjacent Disneyland locations in California. It was first discovered on January 5, 2015, when the California Department of Public Health was notified about an eleven-year-old child who was unvaccinated for the measles and hospitalized with a rash onset on December 28, 2014 (Clemmons, Gastanaduy, Fiebelkorn, Redd, & Wallace, 2015). Just two days later, a total of seven cases of measles had been discovered. It started out with seven cases and by the time the outbreak was declared over in April of 2015, there had been a total of 136 confirmed cases...
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...Governors University Measles 1. Describe the Chosen Outbreak Measles is virus with a single-stranded RNA and two membranes: a fusion protein that infuses into the host cell membrane and the hemagglutinin protein that absorbs the virus into the cells. The primary site for invasion is in the epithelium of the nares. Measles is highly contagious and very infectious because it is easily transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can stay in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours and infect many people who inhale the infectious agent or touch a surface, then be introduced to a new host through touch to the eyes or nose. Once the measles virus (agent) enters a person, he is now a host and harbor the virus. The virus enters its incubation period that can last 10 to 12 days before any symptoms of sickness usually a fever of 103-105 degrees. This incubation period is a communicable stage because the virus can be spread to another before the original victim is even aware of being infected. A few days later the virus (infection) invades the lymph nodes, multiplies, and enters the blood stream. Five to seven days later, the virus is in the respiratory system and the pathological reaction to the infection is now a disease: a cough, runny nose, possible eye infection, followed by spots. These spots are in the mucous membranes and is the first real indication of the measles. Measles has an incubation period of 10-12 days from...
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...adults but more importantly children. The choices parents make to immunizations is a questionable debate. For example small pox has been globally eradicated, while diseases such as, polio are virtually nonexistent. Other life-threatening conditions such as measles have been dramatically curtailed to the point where families no longer fear the drastic effects of it. But in the recent outbreak of the measles in Disneyland, one would question if parents are still getting their children vaccinated for the measles. Dr. Andrew Wakefield wrote a research paper in 1998 on how vaccinations specifically measles and MMR could give a child autism, since then the speculations have increased and parents are worrisome. This is where one is at a stance, to vaccinate or not. Measles and other what once were eradicated diseases should be a requirement since scientists have now shown there are no correlations with autism, prevent the disease from spreading to others, and humanity would benefit as a whole. The recent outbreak in the US of the measles have taken parents are taking more towards social media and reading on some ‘news’ of how some vaccinations can cause diseases one of the most common autism. The news went around that the measles vaccination could give the risk of autism, and was even credited by some doctors who later lost their license for providing false medical information. A case study in the British medical journal Lancet in 1998, in that study it was shown that the data was...
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...How Measles Can Be Eliminated. A decade ago measles killed 777,000 worldwide. Measles is one of the most deadly diseases within the population of infants and toddlers but is also big within the adult population as well. It can be completely eliminated with a 3 step plan. This 3 step plan includes mandatory vaccination, providing a vaccine for teenagers and young adults, and screening for measles. Measles is a huge threat to everybody in the United States. The declining rate of vaccination in Millennials and Generation Z is causing the infectious disease to spread. According to an article from the National Center for Biotechnology Information by Gregory Poland measles killed around 160,000 people worldwide in 2010 (Poland). While it is a drop from 2000 it is a huge amount of people considering the disease can be eliminated with a vaccine. Infants and toddlers are affected the most due to the fact that they are not exposed to the vaccine early enough. The measles vaccine isn’t put into the main seven vaccinations they receive because it is a “live virus that needs to replicate to work” (Chandler). This means that the vaccination will fight with...
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...VWT Task 2 MB WGU 1.The measles is a very contagious viral illness. In 2002, USA announced that measles virus was eradicated in our country. Despite the fact, that the world has made enormous progress in the fight against measles in the last decade, this virus seems to be attacking and killing people again. The measles outbreak started in the Disneyland California in December of 2014. It is still unknown, who brought the virus to the “Happiest place on earth”, but according to the CDC, measles most likely was brought to the park by an infected foreign visitor (Centers For Disease Control and Prevention .Measles Cases and Outbreaks, 2015). The virus was first reported on December 28, 2014 in the case of a not immunized 11-year-old child. On January 5, 2015 four additional measles cases in California and two in Utah were linked to the Disneyland in Orange County. From December 28, 2014 to March 15, 2015 total of 125 people from several states including California, WA, AC, CO, NE, UA were reported to be infected with the same measles virus. After further virus examination, CDC determined that this virus is linked to measles genotype B3 2014 epidemic outbreak in Philippines. In the last six months, same measles virus was also reported in Mexico, Canada and 12 other countries around the globe( Centers For Disease Control and Prevention .Measles Outbreak — California, December 2014–February 2015). 2a. The measles virus remains in the infected person...
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...Measles in the United States In the comeback of the measles in 1989, there were 549,000 measles claims. The reported deaths average to around 495. Many people in the United States has been affected at some point in time in their life. Then around the year 2000 measles was declared eliminated in the United States which means it has no longer pass down to the United States but still being brought in by international travelers. This was reduced by getting the measles vaccination. This was believed to prevent the spread of the virus. A virus called rubeola causes the virus infection. Signs and symptoms of measles include cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, sore throat, fever and a red, blotchy skin rash (2014, May 24). The virus has stages from two to three weeks over time. An infected person with the virus can spread to others within the eight day period (2014, May 24). This childhood virus can stop being spread if children get their first dose of the vaccine at the age of 15 months. The next dose can be given before the start of kindergarten at 4 to 6 years of age. The measles virus is severe and can be terminal for small children. The vaccinations delivered in the United States has had a high result in stopping the widespread. Measles was affirmed phased out in the United States in the year 2000. A new recent outbreak according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that one hundred and two people in fourteen different states have reported measles. The last break that...
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...The recent measles outbreak at Disneyland in Anaheim, CA caused San Diego County to come together for a better cause. Resources and services such as the San Diego Immunization program, San Diego Community college Student Services program, and San Diego Health and human services immunization program are only three of the hundreds of programs available in the community to help in improving the health and wellness of the people in San Diego from the measles. The San Diego Immunization program helps the local community improve both their health and wellness by providing them with free educational resources of the importance of immunizations, various immunization services sites located all over the county, and data and statistics ("San Diego Immunization Program ", n.d.). These resources help the local community immensely by providing them with scientific based evidence on the importance of immunizing themselves as having locations where they can receive their vaccinations thus improving their health and the health of those around them. Health Centers can be found in several places around the county, providing array of services to all sorts of customers. San Diego has a large population of college students, with many of them not covered under mom and dad’s health insurance. Most colleges has a student health center to provide a variety of services such as; basic first aid, mental health services, preventive care, gonorrhea testing, chlamydia testing and health counseling. San...
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...series of injections are suggested by the pediatrician due to the fact that they can prevent health problems later on. However lately there is a debate among parents on whether the vaccines actually help protect against the disease or aid the surfacing of it. How much of this debate is fed by the media and what are the true facts about vaccines? Although vaccines can have side effects and difficulties, it can greatly reduce diseases and death's making the positive effects outweight the negative. This controversial debate was brought to my attention when I heard the different cases of Measles that started in Disney at California. As I watched the news broadcast in NBC I was suddenly thankful for all the vaccines that I had when I was a child. The story of the outbreak revolves around the spread of a disease because people weren't vaccinated. "The United States has already had more cases of measles in the first month of 2015 than the number that is typically diagnosed in a full year." (Corum, Keller, Park, Tse 2). This is a huge deal and a fact that is fueling the debate between whether people should or should not vaccinate their kids. Vaccines actually do have side effects that might be why some parents doubt whether they should submit their child to them. For example the vaccine for chicken pox has mild and severe side effects that can make any parent worry and ultimately chose not to vaccinate the child. Some of the side effects are...
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...Immunization, which is also known as vaccination is one of the most controversial debates that evokes different opinions among the general public. Since vaccines have been invented, there has been a lot of controversy regarding the belief whether parents should immunize their children for the benefit of the society or withhold vaccines for personal reasons. During the last couple of months, the Disneyland Measles outbreak has been one of the hottest and most controversial news in the nation. According to writer and news announcer Rath of National Public Relations (2015), it was reported that since December 2014, roughly 80 people in the Unites States have been confirmed to have measles. Seventy percent of the affected individuals were allegedly the ones who visited the Disneyland theme park. It was discovered that at least 28 of these victims had not received the measles vaccine. Because of this heartbreaking news, different opinions and statements from people nationwide came about. Body part 1 (transitional paragraph) * Many people strongly believe that the reason for this outbreak is because many children and adults are not immunized resulting to the easy spread of infection among individuals. These concerned citizens think that the government should implement mandatory...
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...Some parents believe there is a link between vaccines and autism. This rumor began with UK physician Andrew Wakefield. In 1998 Wakefield claimed to have found a correlation between autism and the measles vaccine. His claims were later dispelled, but the fear had already spread. From 1996 to 2002 the number of measles outbreaks increased. After twenty years of research there hasn’t been any proof that vaccines can cause autism. Some negative effects associated with vaccines are fever, rash, and minor pain at the inject site. The most serious side effects are seizures and allergic reactions. Cases of these affects are rare. Research and history show the benefits of vaccines greatly outweigh the risk. In 2014 American health officials recorded more than 660 cases of measles. In 2015 150 new cases sparked from an outbreak at California’s Disneyland, and another 70 confirmed cases in 2016 in Minnesota. Lower vaccination rates and Anti-vaccine propaganda are said to be at...
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...Measles Nicole Snedegar SCI/163 (BSAV1HKN73 07/27/2015 University of Phoenix Measles Measles has not been a problem in this country for many of years. Recently, measles has been spreading outward from Disneyland in California, in the worse outbreak in years. The epidemic is fueled by growing enclaves of unvaccinated people. (Salzberg, July) Measles is an infectious viral infection that is serious for small children, but easily preventable by a vaccination. The measles are highly contagious virus that lives in the nose and throat of the infected person. The measles are spread by someone with the viral infection coughs or sneezes. The virus can live up to two hours in an airspace where the infected person coughed or sneezed. (Transmission of measles, March 31, 2015) The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissue, and organs that work together to protect the body. Every time a germ is overcome, the immune system remembers the germ, so when the body comes in contact with that germ it is defeated quickly. The symptoms of measles are coughing, fever, red eyes, light sensitivity, muscle aches, runny nose, sore throat, and white spots inside the mouth. A widespread rash is the classic sign of measles. These symptoms usually appear with in fourteen days of exposer to the virus. Measles will usually disappear within two or three weeks, and there is no prescription medication to treat the measles. (Higuera, 2015) Your doctor may recommend you take...
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...Measles Amy Gann Western Governor’s University RN-MSN Student ID# 000379988 In the United States we are very fortunate. For the most part we do not live in fear of disease outbreaks from day to day. Our government along with the Centers for Disease Control and Public Health Departments have managed to have adults and children vaccinated and set up recommendations regarding those vaccinations. Despite all that is done our country allows freedoms. One of these freedoms is to not vaccinate your child from communicable diseases due to personal beliefs. With the worlds populations becoming more mobile, that sets your child up for dangerous encounters; because some countries are not as strict on laws regarding vaccinations and some have none. Such was the case when in December 2014 when millions of people visited what was meant to be “The Happiest place in the world”, Disneyland and Disney Adventure Park and were potentially exposed to the Measles virus. “On January 5, 2015, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) was notified about a suspected measles case. The patient was a hospitalized, unvaccinated child, aged 11 years with rash onset on December 28. The only notable travel history during the exposure period was a visit to one of two adjacent Disney theme parks located in Orange County, California. On the same day, CDPH received reports of four additional suspected measles cases in California residents and two in Utah residents, all of whom reported visiting...
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...vaccination is present in all fifty states. The start of mandatory vaccination began in 1908. “Massachusetts became the first state to enact a mandatory smallpox vaccination law…”(Chemerinsky and Goodwin596). After this, Boston, “In 1827...was the first city to require vaccination records for children upon entering public school”(Chemerinsky and Goodwin596). Succeeding Boston’s requirements for children, laws for getting children vaccinated became mandatory in multiple states. In December of 2014 there was an outbreak of measles that emanated in connection with Disneyland. “The virus [was] mostly spread among those who had not been vaccinated, either because they were too young or were not vaccinated by choice”(Chemerinsky and Goodwin590). After the outbreak in California, the virus spread past the border of California and into the neighboring state. This affected both children and adults. These cases were also linked to the first exposure at Disneyland. After the outbreak of the measles, “... Governor Brown signed into law SB 277. This bill eliminated personal and religious belief vaccination exemptions for children enrolled in school or daycare”(Chemerinsky and Goodwin593). There was multiple protests from angry parents for the bill not to be signed. They argued that the bill was unfair, and unconstitutional. This statement is invalid in multiple ways. As states in the work of Erwin Chemerinsky and Michele Goodwin: There is no doubt that compulsory vaccination is constitutional. In...
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...adults as it is for children, but then numerous adults are not ideally vaccinated. Immunizations emulate the virus so as to anticipate disease by that same virus or bacteria. II. Body A. Vaccine preventable diseases haven't gone away a) Measles is an exceptionally irresistible viral illness that can result in fever, hacking and unique red-cocoa spots on the skin. The shingles antibody is a decent illustration. Shingles are brought on by a reactivation of the chickenpox virus. It can result in a serious and excruciating skin rash. The immunization is suggested for adults 60 and more seasoned (Shah, 1664). b) Measles is brought on by a virus that is exceptionally contagious, can live for up to two hours on surfaces and get transmitted through a tainted individual's hacks or sniffles. Measles is contagious to the point that "90% of the individuals near to that individual who are not insusceptible will likewise gotten to get tainted. c) Smallpox is additionally a disease that needs one to get immunized against it. Immunizations shield us from genuine diseases furthermore keep the spread of those diseases to others. Through the years, immunizations have provided protection against diseases, for example, measles, mumps, and whooping...
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...Even though some diseases may not be in the latest headlines, they still are an issue and can be prevented by vaccinations. However, if a child is untreated then the likelihood of contracting an untreated disease is greater. Diseases are so simple and easy to catch, every day there are thousand upon thousands of people who travel globally each day. There are reports of outbreaks around the world with more than 200 international destinations scientist are regularly reporting new disease. The mumps, whooping cough, and measles are all making a comeback due to the lack of vaccinations (cdc.gov). By vaccinating your children from new diseases, it betters the chances of not being sickened by the disease. Another benefit from vaccinating your child is the time and money you save. Vaccines lessen a number of sick days your child has, which means people need to take time off of work to care for an ill child. The medical amount is less than the overall cost to support a long-term sickness. Also, the Patient Protection and the Affordable Care Act make vaccines available to children and adults without copay (ProCon.org). By making vaccines affordable and not time-consuming, this should increase...
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