...Social Influence 1. What are the three types of conformity? 2. What are two explanations of conformity? 3. What is meant by compliance? 4. What is meant by internalisation? 5. What is meant by identification? 6. How did Zimbardo provide evidence for identification? 7. What is meant by normative social influence? 8. What is meant by informational social influence? 9. What were the findings from Asch’s experiment? 10. What was Asch’s procedure? 11. Describe Milgram’s procedure for his obedience experiment. 12. What were the findings from Milgram’s experiment? 13. Describe Milgram’s variation where proximity was changed, and state the findings. 14. Describe Milgram’s variation where location was changed, and state the findings. 15. Describe Milgram’s variation where uniform was changed, and state the findings. 16. What is the agentic shift explanation of obedience? 17. What does the dispositional explanation of obedience say about obedience? 18. What is meant by Locus of Control? And how does it affect resistance to obedience? 19. What features of a minority are needed for social change? 20. What was Moscovici’s procedure? 21. What did Moscovici’s results tell us about minority influence? Memory 1. Draw a diagram showing the MSM and the processes involved. 2. What is the coding, duration and capacity of Sensory, Short-term and Long-term memory? 3. Describe two research studies that...
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...DuPont Leadership Influence DuPont problems relate to the organizations employee safety and the environment, Intersect Investments problems for the organizations relates to profit loss and customer dissatisfaction. The leadership of both originations has to find a solution to become more popular in the public eye. Leadership is defined as “a social influence process in which the leaders seek the voluntary participation of subordinates in an effect to reach organizational goals” (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2003, p. 595). DuPont’s leaders in the past have participated in the leadership roles of some unethical tactics regarding the safety of employees. DuPont in the past has had “a miserable environmental health and safety record, and in the past has frequently run afoul of occupational safety laws and has deliberately concealed medical records identifying that several workers were suffering from illness related to asbestos exposure” (Corporate Watch, 2002, p. 2.) Being fine thousands and thousands of dollars by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the company has implemented training programs for the leaders and managers to ensure the safety of employees. Unclear Goals and Miscommunication DuPont over the years have been fined for the pollution of the environment by the EPA and OSHA for chemical spills, lack of employee safety and pollution. DuPont has spent millions of dollars in campaign advertisements...
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...definitions of leadership; some are as follows: ‘Leadership is a combination of traits and skills forming a personality with clear-cut characteristics that cause others trust and follow or collaborate with that leader. Leadership is the ability to cause others to perform at high levels for the good of the overall organization’ (Dorsey, 1999) ‘Leadership is the ability to influence others, especially in getting others to reach challenging goals.’ (Chapman & O’Neil, 2000) ‘Leadership is the ability to influence, inspire, motivate or affect the thoughts, feelings and actions of others. It is sustained influence over others, shaping the course of events and bending the will of others by word or by personal example’. (Espinosa, 1997) Two ultimate goals of a good leader should be: 1. Involvement of staff as well as of the leader 2. The essential element of change It is assumed that leadership involves at least two people, one to lead and one to follow. If no one is willing to follow, then there can be no leader. Thus, part of the leader’s role is to motivate others to follow. Leaders must, in some manner, influence the prospective followers so that they will become actual followers. Leaders must also guide followers to work toward the changes described in the organization’s vision and mission statement. This implies that leaders are persons with vision and should have inspired / guided their followers to work together and with their leaders had created a vision for the organization...
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...Communication and Language Arts Faculty of Arts University of Ibadan November 27, 2012 ABSTRACT This literature-driven study examined mass media effects. The work peered into the history of the ‘powerful media’. An in-depth review of relevant theories of mass media effects was analyzed. Findings pointed towards both positive and negative impacts of mass media. However, there was no empirical evidence to substantiate a direct cause and effect relationship of mass media messages with the actions of the consumer of the information. Consequently we can only assert that the mass media impacts on society but does not necessarily have an effect since other factors also influence people other than information consumed from the media. As such, this study asserts that the mass media influences public opinion but does not necessarily cause it. Key words: powerful media, mass media effects, theories of mass media effects, impact of media messages INTRODUCTION The mass media involve organisations that are responsible for the dissemination of information to a large number of people. Basically, the mass media are categorised into print and electronic media. The print media include magazine, newspapers and books while the electronic media are television, radio, internet, videos or films etc. The instruments of both the print and electronic media are being used by the mass media to create and promote multitude of ideas that positively affect the lives of people and...
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...Media Influences on American Culture HUM/186 MEDIA INFLUENCES ON AMERICAN CULTURE March 25 2014 Linda Light Media Influences on American Culture When I was younger, I often hear from my parents about the developments in the mass media. In the 1900’s the main sources of mass media were newspapers and magazines. Forty years later a new source came out to public which is the radio. This gives a little bit convenience to people wanting to know about what’s going on around. But newspapers and magazines were still going on during that time. Then ten years later another source came out which became the main source of resources for the mass media, television. It has been the combination of the magazines, newspapers and the radio. The launch of satellite in 1962 gave access to the news around the world. It has been a big improvement from then to present. There are a lot of electronic devices which became a source of communication. The development of mobile phone to computers to the internet and it’s getting better and faster every year. Before people have to wait for the newspaper to know and learn about news on what’s going on around the country or the world. This time people just have to browse on their computers or mobile phones and can see an updated informations they want to know. Another development is the form of classroom learning wherein during the early ages you have...
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...Effective #NAME? -$200,000,000.00 #NAME? 85.0% -250,000,000 #NAME? #NAME? Test Not Effective 10.0% 0 Phase III: Long Term Efficacy Testing #NAME? 15.0% 0 #NAME? #NAME? Depression Don't Test #NAME? -$40,000,000.00 Indications #NAME? #NAME? 0 #NAME? #NAME? Test Effective #NAME? -$150,000,000.00 #NAME? 75.0% -100,000,000 #NAME? #NAME? Test Merck Decision Tree Although a decision analysis would recommend that Merck not commit to the proposal, the company's balance sheet shows that it has significant assets to support a loss. The projected values of earning for depression and dual indications seem to be worth the risk. Weightloss does not. Not Effective 15.0% 0 Phase III: Long Term Efficacy Testing #NAME? 25.0% 0 #NAME? #NAME? Obesity Don't Test #NAME? 0 #NAME? #NAME? Dual Indications 50.0% -400,000,000 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Depression: effective #NAME? 0 Indications #NAME? 15.0% -250,000,000 Conduct Depression: not effective 10.0% 0 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Obesity: effective 5.0% -100,000,000 Obesiity: not effective 10.0% 0 Complete Failure 70.0% -$500,000,000.00 Phase 4: Additional Trials #NAME? 10.0% 0 Effective Do not conduct #NAME? 0 #NAME? #NAME? 0 #NAME? #NAME? Test Not Effective 5.0% 0 Phase III: Long Term Efficacy Testing #NAME? 30.0% 0 #NAME? #NAME? Both Don't Test 70.0% 0 #NAME? #NAME...
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...In his book Leadership 101, internationally known leadership expert, speaker, and author John Maxwell defines leadership as influence -- nothing more and nothing less. Maxwell further describes leadership as the act of influencing others in a worthwhile cause, apart from titles or positions. As I reflect on Maxwell's work and its implications in the school setting, I can't help but think of every adult in a school as a leader. After all, every adult has influence with others. Teachers, secretaries, custodians, cooks, bus drivers and paraprofessionals all possess varied degrees of influence with one another, students, and parents. But it's clear that the principalship is the job with most influence. Despite the authority and power that comes with the job, some principals perform better than others. Those principals who know how to increase their influence are the ones who will always realize a greater impact. INCREASING YOUR INFLUENCE Principals typically work with constituents on the career-path continuum from entry level to veteran. If principals want to increase their influence, they must focus on the vital leadership traits, necessary performance standards, and required degrees of support needed to build a solid foundation with all members of the team. According to Maxwell, the reasons that leaders fail to achieve maximum influence are varied, but the problems fall within five levels of leadership that represent a career roadmap all principals must understand. Maxwell's...
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... Misty Stevens PSY/300 March 14, 2010 Jason Sapir Social Interaction From the moment a child is born they are bundles of energy who have no idea what to expect from the world around them. Social interaction and influences are one of the first things that children come in contact with. As parents we teach our children to be themselves no matter what others think. As babies children are placed in situations that their parents but them in most the time in the group of friends that the parents interact with. This is just the beginning of the cycle of social interaction they are either liked by these friends or not. Soon after starting school kids experience their own social influences if they like school they may not be liked by the cool kids. As children it is hard to not fit in with the cool group of kids because at that moment the only thing they think about is being in the popular crowd. This was no different for one of the little boys in the first grade at one of the local elementary schools. After observing in the classroom for an hour I went out to the playground to observe the kids playing. A little boy who was very out spoken in class was sitting on a bench alone wondering...
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...Research Essay Effects Of Media On Teenagers In the last 10 to 15 years, the influence of media has grown exponentially with the advancement of technology. Starting from 1990s, the majority of our population did not have cable, teenagers back then relied more on news papers, magazines as internet was considered a luxury for the ordinary population at that time. With the passage of time, trends changed. Technological advancements and an economic boom have lead to increases in the standard of living. Teenagers have been exposed to media like never before. Cable networks and internet that were once luxuries have now become necessities. Media has a great influence in the development of a teenager’s personality and character. “The media is the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that’s power. Because they control the minds of the masses,” said the American black militant leader Malcolm X (qtd. in Krishna). The power or influence of media can easily alter or change a teenager’s opinion. This means that media can depict an ordinary thing so negatively that it may compel people to believe or act in quite the opposite way. So it is necessary to analyze the effects of media on teenagers because of the influence it has on them. Media can be both helpful and harmful to teenagers. But the negative effects of Media on teenagers clearly outweigh the positive ones which is becoming a great worry for the...
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...It gives a different view of the materials and what is supposed to be learned. I think that these different forms of visual entertainment media have shaped American culture and its values by influencing people to act differently because of what they see on television or in movies. I believe that celebrities can have a large impact on how people say and do things. For example, Marilyn Monroe was a huge symbol in the past. She was someone who a lot of women admired and tried to be like. I believe that the social influences of the visual entertainment media are mostly positive because it is not always a bad thing to want to better yourself to be like someone in movies or television. Honestly, I think some people can learn a lot from visual media because if they just moved to America or where ever, they can watch movies and television to get an idea of how things are. That is just one example, there are just so many more. In conclusion, visual media does influence social behavior and attitudes because a lot of people like to follow what the celebrities are doing or what they see in video games. It's not always positive with the video games, but I think it is mostly positive. Many people see things in the television shows and in movies that make them want to be different. I know I used to feel...
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...Visualization Essay Media Usage Mass media has become a powerful tool in shaping our culture, and is largely reflective of our society today. According to our text book and class lecture notes, mass media can be loosely defined as the technological vehicles through which mass communication takes place, along with the industries which control them. Over the years, mass media, has had a profound effect on American society, on its culture, and on the individuals exposed to the media. Mass media effects people differently because of varied amounts of exposure and formats; however with the convergence of media, todays society fails to recognize the immense influence that mass communication has on every one of us. While keeping track of my involvement in mass communication and media for three days, I became eminently aware of the influence mass media has on me through varied amounts of exposure and mediums. I created six classes of mediums through which mass communication presents itself- television, movies (film), radio, phone (including both landlines and cellular devices), internet, and print. After noting how I received media through differing technological vehicles, I than created my own categories for the roles it plays in my life- entertainment, advertisement, research (both school and personal related), and interpersonal communication. Observing my participation in media through these four lenses produced for me, a better understanding of media use and content. ...
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...2011 Assignment 2 Persuasion, Science of influence Kunal Nagar,W0782056 MSIS ,Santa Clara university , 3/10/2011 Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion Persuasion is a form of social influence. It is the process of guiding oneself or another toward the adoption of an idea, attitude, or action by rational and symbolic (though not always logical) means.1Persuasion is often referred to as an art and influencing others isn’ luck or magic –its science. t Persuasion and Influence is big part of any consumer behavior, this goes in line with self-actualization theory and projected self or a corporation. There are proven ways to help make you more successful as a marketer and an office politician. In a world where every e-mail, every request and every event we plan competes against other compelling demands, the skill of persuasion is essential ,The ability to persuade others is critical to success, whether you are selling cars or a new corporate strategy. Psychology and marketing Professor Robert Cialdini has examined the component parts of influence, in the lab and on the street. He has learned that persuasion is a science as well as an art. So why do you want to know it? To communicate with your customers so that they become your raving fans ,they like you ,they like to read your message ,they give positive response ,cialdini ‘ techniques are used to increase sales ,to have s more responsiveness for customers, in case you want to research for requirement ,to make customers...
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...Media Influence On Sport When communication is spread not just between two individuals but rather between tens of millions of people it is known as mass media. Mass media is known as the central nervous system of society. "Mass media has many different purposes, such as providing information, entertaining, persuading and also by carrying a vague general function of culture to millions of people."(Frederick 18). In order for mass media to exist, there must be an audience. Today's society is very selective; each receiver reacts differently through his or her own experience and orientation according to mass media. Therefore, mass media exists in many different forms such as magazines, television, newspapers, internet, motion pictures, and even plays. Some examples of these forms of mass media are cosmopolitan magazine for young modern women and TSN television network for sports fans. With such extreme varieties of mass media existing in today's societies there are three major constraints that seem to have an impressionable impact. These constraints can keep mass media very restricted. The major constraint of mass media is competition. Each form of mass media wants to be the one to target the audience, so therefore competition between mass media is very strong, because capturing the inside of the sports world is critical. Apart from the competition among the various forms of media there is also competition among each form of the media example Fox network competes...
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...were listed, such as being extremely superficial and the need for everything to be in an XXL (houses, cars, burgers, breast implant, etc). It’s quite fascinating how prejudices can sometimes be so precise. The American society as a whole has no one to blame for our habits and lifestyle except ourselves, well maybe the media might also play a small part in shaping our minds to be this way. The statistics on media use in this country is staggering. In this day and age, the average American adult uses 6.43 hours a day in media attention, with American teenagers using up to an average 7.48 hours a day. It is therefore kind of hard to deny that the media has become an intricate part of American society. All the media we are exposed to influences our decisions on what’s important, what to enjoy, and even what to wear. It’s no coincidence that the total advertising revenue in the United States was 285.1 billion dollars in 2008, which was approximately 44% of the worldwide advertising revenue. Why are these advertisers paying so much money, especially in America, to get their products out there? It’s because it works. Advertisements are out to persuade audiences to buy their products and they have done so with great success. So much so, that it is kind of hard to walk down the streets of Any Town, USA without seeing someone on their iPod touch, sporting the latest Nikes, or handling a caramel cappuccino from Starbucks. America, also known as the Coca-Cola and McDonald’s capital...
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...considerable research, the model has gone through signiJicant developments. A more comprehensive model is presented here that reviews the following: various motivations of the influencing agent; an assessment of available power bases in terms of potential effectiveness, time perspective, personal preferences, values and norms; consideration of other strategies such as manipulation; utilization of various preparatory and stage-setting devices to strengthen olte’s power resources; implementation of the power strategies; assessment of effectiveness of influence attempt and its positive andl or negative aftereffects; use of various ameliorative devices; and review, reconsideration, and another round of influence strategies. The overall model is examined in terms of its applicability to various settings including hospital infection control, patient compliance with physicians’ recommendations, confrontations between political jgures, children’s influence on their peers, conflict resolution and negotiation, as well as supervisorlsubordinate relationships. More than 30 years have now elapsed since John R. P. French and I presented a typological analysis of the bases of power in interpersonal inThis article is based on a presentation made at the...
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