...Martino LEGL 616.12 4/11/2012 Privacy with Regards to Electronic Communication in the Workplace Background Given the rise of electronic communication, it is not surprising that privacy with regards to communication such as emailing, texting, or social networking, has become a very big issue. Probably the most prominent area relating to electronic privacy is consumer privacy. Stories about Google or Facebook’s privacy policies are front-page news. However, although it perhaps receives less attention, electronic workplace privacy is just as big an issue. Workers communicate at work using various devices. Some workers rely on a computer to send emails. Other workers may favor using a land phone or a cell phone for communication with important clients. In some cases, workers use texting on cell phones to communicate with fellow employees. The one similarity between all these workers is that they are all probably communicating on a device or on a network that belongs to the company that they work for. Workers are also likely to use work equipment, a computer or a company cell phone, to make personal calls. This makes sense, given the long hours that people often spend at work and the ease of using work machines to communicate. A recent article in The Economist, “Slaves to the Smartphone”, states “Employees find it ever harder to distinguish between ‘on-time’ and ‘off-time’—and indeed between real work and make-work.” Most electronic communication at work (whether via email...
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...Electronic Surveillance of Employees Law Ethics and Corporate Governance Electronic Surveillance of Employees 1. Explain where an employee can reasonably expect to have privacy in the workplace. From the time an employee reaches his work place or is on a sales call he is typically on either company property or he may be on property owned by a customer of his company. So that employee is now utilizing company time- which he is being paid for, equipment and supplies. Taking this into consideration, a reasonable interference is expected from the company. The only place an employee should reasonably expect to have privacy in the workplace is in restrooms or in facilities provided for changing clothes or showering. In order to protect the company’s and the customer interests, many companies utilize various forms of surveillance to make sure everything is going as per the company’s policy and behavioral norms. Employees should expect that conversations on company phone, computer terminals or emails would be monitored to detect any unacceptable behavior as well as any other inappropriate form of company communication that might have reached the Customer jeopardizing the company’s image. Therefore, an employer may monitor most of the workspace activities and communications unless there is a legal binding policy that specifically states otherwise (Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, 2011). For example in a Data related job they should expect to have their computer activity monitored...
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...Assignment One 1 Abstract Many employers recognize that need for a specific policies regarding surveillance or monitoring in the workplace. The primary purpose of such policies is to eliminate any expectation of privacy on the part of an employee utilizing company technologies or property for personal use. However, even when an employer has a policy, it is nonetheless common for employers to tolerate some degree of private usage by employees. This is one dilemma for employers and the main purpose for establishing a "zero tolerance". In any event, the employer's written policy and actual practices should clarify to employees specifically and inform third parties through implied or informed consent the expectations of the employer or business utilizing surveillance. Assignment One 2 Question One 1. Explain where an employee can reasonably expect to have privacy in the workplace. In the office workplace there are typically two types of workspaces, an open area, in which there are several desks and where conversations can be overhead, or an enclosed office, in which—when the door is closed—conversations cannot be heard and where one would expect virtually total privacy. Explain whether it makes a difference if an employee is in an open area or in an enclosed office. Surveillance is becoming commonplace in the work environment. Generally speaking, employers are permitted to monitor by surveillance "public" areas. When surveillance is hidden, however, and when the...
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...The privacy of personal information related to the data stored on the computer systems is termed as Information privacy. The information privacy is related to the privacy of personal data that is collected by various organizations for personal use. The private information can be stored in medical records, political records, criminal records, financial data, data on website or any information related to the business which needs to be protected and kept secured. The type of information that can be found is usually social security number, date and place of birth, and the place of domicile just to name of few. The invention of technology has caused many to lose sight of the definition of privacy . The advancement of technology is causing an increase in vulnerabilities in information privacy which is the reason why most companies had to adapt a code of ethics to protect consumers, employees and the company itself. According to (Ashurst, 2011) “Sensitive data in the right hands is vital, in the wrong hands it can cause offence, destroy reputations and cost businesses”. Thus to protect the personal data, information privacy can be applied in various ways such as encrypting the data, data masking and authentication by which only the people who are legitimate users can have access to the data of the organization with authorized access. When it comes to information Privacy the focus cannot be kept strictly on businesses, another major key player is Social media. Merriam Webster defines...
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...Software Requirements Specification For Anonymous User Communication For Privacy Protection in Wireless Metropolitan Mesh Networks Prepared by Under the Guidance of Table of Contents Revision History 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Project Scope 1.3 References 2. Overall Description 2.1 Product Perspective 2.2 Product Features 2.3 User Classes and Characteristics 2.4 Operating Environment 2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints 3. System Features 3.1 System Feature 1 3.2 System Feature 2 (and so on) 4. External Interface Requirements 4.1 User Interfaces 4.2 Hardware Interfaces 4.3 Software Interfaces 4.4 Communications Interfaces 5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements 5.1 Performance Requirements 5.2 Safety Requirements 5.3 Security Requirements 5.4 Software Quality Attributes 6. Other Requirements Appendix A: Glossary Appendix B: Analysis Models 1. Introduction 1. Purpose The project is to make available security and privacy protection to the user credentials in wireless mesh networks (WMN) using group signature and pair wise secrets terms. 2. Project Scope In wireless mesh network, there is no restriction for public to access the internet or mobile services. So that the large numbers of attacks are might be happened like eavesdrop, inject or impersonate in WMN.All these attacks are great...
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...Social Media: Information Technology Abstract Social Media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, are universally known and present in parts of the world in today’s society. Social media have become such a part of many people daily activities that most couldn’t image living without it. It has brought many benefits to us, but also some pitfalls. Facebook monitors how third parties use your personal data, however, they also state they cannot guarantee “that third parties will follow Facebook’s privacy policy, if you don’t want your privacy violated, then you probably want to reconsider joining Facebook or other social networks. The definition of “privacy” is subjective, however, things like personal information such as name, living and working locations, job, career, education, income, relationship status, contact information, and bank information should be safeguarded at all costs to prevent things like stalking, identity theft, fraud, and other attempts to undermine a person’s life. It’s not all bad, Facebook has reunited family’s, long lost friends, and is helping police officers catch the bad guys, however, like anything, too much can be bad for you. More recently social media has been known as the tool that facilitated many uprising in Middle Eastern countries. It helped kick start a revolution known as the Arab Spring. Facebook was used to schedule activities such as gatherings to protest, Twitter was used to coordinate an array of events at a moment’s notice...
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...What are the three main categories of objects to be protected by Access Controls? | | Information – any type of data asset Technology – Applications, Systems, and networksPhysical Location – buildings and rooms | What are the three elements of an Access Control System? | | Policies – RulesProcedures – nontechnical methods used to enforce policies Tools – Technical methods used to enforce policies | What are the three types of subjects when it comes to access control for specific resources? | | Authorized – presented credentials and have been approved for access Unauthorized – Don’t process the proper credentials or do not have the appropriate privileges for accessUnknown – Don’t possess any credentials at all: Don’t know if they should be given access or not | What are the three steps to the access control process? | | Identification – process of Identifying itself Authentication – verification of the subjects identity Authorization – allow or deny access to an object. | What are the principal components of Access Controls? | | Policies – who gets access to whatSubjects – User, Network, process, or applications requesting access to resources Objects – The resource to which the subject desires access | What are the basic...
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...FORM 128. APPELLANT’S FORMAL BRIEF AND ADDENDUM (Cover) Case No. 0:15-jcv-0103532-RHR STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS ABC INTERNATIONAL Respondent, vs. Petitioner. Respondent BRIEF AND ADDENDUM Attorney for Respondent By (address, zip code, telephone number, and Attorney for Petitioner attorney registration license number). (address, zip code, telephone number, . and attorney registration license number) * * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table Authorities Legal Issues Statement of Facts Argument 1. (Concise statement of each legal argument advanced) 2. 3. Conclusion ADDENDUM AND ITS INDEX Order Denying Motion for New Trial and Memorandum [SEE RCAP 130.02] * * * * * * TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Statutes: The request for Production No. 4 should be denied based solely on F.R.C.P. 26(b)(3). Minn. Stat. § 518.58 (2012) Cases (list applicable authorities and page where argument found) Lafate v. Vanguard Group, Inc., 2014 U.S. Dist., see e.g.; Safco Prods. Co. v. WelCom Prods., 730 F. Supp. 2d 959, 11(D. Minn., 2010). Pg. 5 Burns v. Hy-Vee, Inc., 2002 U.S. Dist. Lexis 23662 (D. Minn., November 21, 2002, Decided). Pg. 6 Taylor v. Southwestern Bell Telephone...
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...Fundamentals of Law for Health Informatics and Information Management Second Edition Check Your Understanding Chapter Answers CHAPTER 1 Check Your Understanding 1.1 1. A hybrid record is refers to record that is totally electronic. False 2. An electronic health record can be managed across more than one healthcare organization. True 3. Confidentiality refers to the right to be left alone. False 4. HITECH widens the scope of privacy and security protections under HIPAA. True 5. Privileged communication is a legal concept designed to protect the communication between two parties. True Check Your Understanding 1.2 1. Ownership of a health record generated by a doctor on a patient belongs to the patient. False 2. A custodian of records is responsible for certifying that a record is what it purports to be. True 3. When a patient refuses treatment he or she is exercising the ethical principle of beneficence. False 4. In a malpractice case, a professional code of ethics may be used as a benchmark for what should be acceptable practice by a healthcare professional. True 5. The ethical principle of nonmaleficence refers to making sure rules are fairly and consistently applied to all. False CHAPTER 2 Check Your Understanding 2.1 1. Private law defines rights and duties between individuals and the government. False 2. Statutes are enacted by legislative bodies. True 3. Administrative law is created by court...
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...some considerable time after the so called ‘Internet revolution’, electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce, remains a relatively new, emerging and constantly changing area of business management and information technology. There has been and continues to be, much publicity and discussion about e-commerce. According to the editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vladimir Zwass, ‘Electronic commerce is sharing business information, maintaining business relationships and conducting business transactions by means of telecommunications networks’ (Zwass, 1996). However, the term may refer to more than just buying and selling products online. It also includes the entire online process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing and paying for products and services. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage and is predicted to continue at this rate, or even accelerate. Electronic commerce covers a range of different types of businesses, from consumer based retail sites, through auction or music sites to business exchanges trading goods and services between corporations (Beyon-Davies, 2009). It is currently one of the most important aspects of the Internet to emerge (Curtis and Cobham, 2005). Although "conventional" commerce is still used by many companies, there is a growing tend to use electronic commerce, as more and more businesses move sections of their operations...
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...CHAPTER 1 THE INFORMATION AGE IN WHICH YOU LIVE: CHANGING THE FACE OF BUSINESS JUMP TO THE SUPPORT YOU WANT • Lecture Outline • Modules, Projects, and Data Files • Slide Reviews • Closing Cases • Short-Answer Questions • Assignments and Exercises • Discussion Questions • Industry & Global Perspectives • Additional Assignments and Exercises CONTACT INFORMATION: Stephen Haag (shaag@du.edu) STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Define management information systems (MIS) and describe the three important organizational resources within it – people, information, and information technology. 2. Describe how to use break-even analysis to assess the financial impact of information technology. 3. Describe how to use Porter’s Five Forces Model to evaluate the relative attractiveness of and competitive pressures in an industry. 4. Compare and contrast Porter’s three generic strategies and the run-grow-transform framework as approaches to the development of business strategy. CHAPTER SUMMARY This chapter serves two primary purposes. First the chapter introduces your students to the broad notion of management information systems within an organization and the three key resources on which MIS focuses – people, information, and information technology. Second, the chapter jumps right into the process of appropriately selecting which technologies to use based on the industry in which your organization operates, the identified...
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...Management Information Systems - Westminster College - Fulton, Missouri Why Study Management Information Systems (MIS) at Westminster? * Our MIS program builds on the strengths of our Business and Computer Sciences offerings as well as our liberal arts education. Classes blend theory and practice in “hot” areas—issues and technologies that researchers and practitioners are currently interested in. * Each class is uniquely designed for Westminster, in response to recent scholarly findings and rising trends in the field. * Courses are not technology driven, though technology is adequately integrated into the major. Therefore, students never have to play catch-up with technology that is imposed externally. Instead, all discussions are driven by business strategy and user needs. * Majors become user and data advocates who understand that the most critical elements of an information system are not hardware and software, but the people and information. * Dr. Phelps, who designed and implemented the major, has degrees and research, and consulting experience in all of the relevant fields of MIS: business, decision science, computer science, and information technology. So, “knowing a little about a lot” allows her to see the best benefits of these synergies and bring those synergies into the classroom. Major Highlights In your formal MIS studies, you will learn organized approaches to gathering, processing, and presenting information, in order to improve...
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...With this small light ignited in the intellectual realm, the idealism of free communication of thoughts and opinions spread and became one of the trademarks of democratic societies. During the next century, John Stuart Mill affirmed that societies progress when people freely express themselves because errors and misconceptions are exposed, and alternatives were proposed. These sentiments became the backbone of the United Nations’ Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948 and of the European Convention on Human Rights adopted in 1950: that everyone has the right to opinion without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. But, alas, as people’s right to express themselves became the norm of the day, access to information became limited. Woodrow Wilson expressed...
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...INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Today, in order to efficiently and effectively deal with data confidentiality and system security, organizations must adopt an approach that is both holistic and proactive. This decision traditionally involves an evaluation of the business processes involved, assessment of compliance with regulations and standards, and the identification of information systems and technology capability. Cloud Computing has become one of the most discussed and sought after solutions for dealing with such challenges. According to IDC Cloud, research suggests that IT Cloud Services spending will reach $47.4 billion in 2013 and is expected to be more than $107 billion in 2017 with an annual growth rate of 23.5 percent, five times that of the industry (IDC, 2013). Cloud Computing is a resourceful model that allows enterprises to accelerate innovation, decrease infrastructure costs, improve resource utilization, and greater ability to manage information technology security (PwC, 2010). The “Cloud” refers to the Internet, a collection of interconnected networks that communicate with each other, and it can be accessed globally. Cloud Computing employs network resources to deliver services entirely online. The National Institute of Standards and Technology defines Cloud Computing as: “A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services)...
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...(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3, March 2011 93 | P a g e http://ijacsa.thesai.org/ An Electronic Intelligent Hotel Management System For International Marketplace Md. Noor-A-Rahim1, Md. Kamal Hosain2, Md. Saiful Islam3, Md. Nashid Anjum4 and Md. Masud Rana5 1,3,4,5 Electronics & Communications Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh. 2School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia. E-mail: mash_0409@yahoo.com1, mhosain@deakin.edu.au2, sirajonece@yahoo.com3, nashidzone@yahoo.com4, and mamaraece28@yahoo.com5 Abstract—To compete with the international market place, it is crucial for hotel industry to be able to continually improve its services for tourism. In order to construct an electronic marketplace (e-market), it is an inherent requirement to build a correct architecture with a proper approach of an intelligent systems embedded on it. This paper introduces a web based intelligent that helps in maintaining a hotel by reducing the immediate involvement of manpower. The hotel reception policy, room facilities and intelligent personalization promotion are the main focuses of this paper. An intelligent search for existing boarders as well as room availability is incorporated in the system. For each of the facilities, a flow chart has been developed which confirms the techniques and relevant devices used in the system. By...
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