...Page 50 1. a. What are the most prudent decisions she can make about her responsibilities to herself and others? This is an ethical decision the manager has to make. She can either use this information to her advantage or turn it in to the airlines. It does not matter whether or not AutoCorp hired a new ethicist who in turn changed ethical guidelines within the company, what matters is that turning in the information is the right thing to do. The information the manager found on the plane should have not been available to the public. Ethics are moral standards which help individuals make the right decisions. According to Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2011), “Ethics are norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about our behavior and our relationships with others” (p. 32). The manager has to decide how the decision will affect her, the company she works for, and the competing company. Her decision will have major impact on one or more of the parties. If the manager decides to take the documents and use them to her advantage, she will behave unethically and against her company’s policy. She has an obligation to return the documents to the airlines, so they can forward them to the owning company. There are many different ways people can perceive ethical behavior. Some might say that, since the information is only the draft stage it is okay to take them and use the information, whereas others say it is unethical to take the information. According to her company’s...
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...Written Assignment Week 2 Yolanda Kounkou BUS 642 Alston Mason September 10, 2012 Distinguish between the following exploratory and formal studies. Exploration helps when researchers lack a clear idea of problems they will meet during the study. With exploration researchers develop concepts more clearly, establish priorities, develop operational definitions and improve the final research design. Exploratory studies tend toward loose structures with the objective of discovering future research tasks. The purpose of exploration is usually to develop hypotheses or questions for further research. The formal study begins where the exploration leaves off it begins with a hypothesis or research question and involves precise procedures and data source specifications (Cooper, Schindler). Experimental and ex-post facto research design. In an experiment researchers attempt to control or manipulate the variables in the study. Experimental design is appropriate when one wishes to discover if certain variables produce effects in other variables. Experimentation provides the most powerful support possible for a hypothesis of causation. With an ex-post facto design investigators have no control over the variables in the sense of being able to manipulate them. They can report only what has happened or what is happening it is important for researchers using this design not influence the variables to do so introduces bias. There research is limited to holding factors...
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...Sharon Williams June 07, 2011 Business Research Methods Unit I and Unit II Assessment Question # (1): How might business research help the new president make the right decisions? Answer: Cooper & Schindler (2008) argues, “Although not all organizations use business research to help make planning decisions, increasingly the successful ones does.” (Cooper & Schindler, 2008) The authors further argue the fact that “The managers of tomorrow will need to know more than any managers in history.” (Cooper & Schindler 2008) This statement along introduce and sheds light into the present situation regarding the problem that the new president of the old established company is facing and he must make the best possible decisions to proceed further so that this company can go back to a profitable status. It is fair to say that all decisions related to business related matters are about problems of some sort, and decision processes are usually different from company to company. An important difficulty in a decision dilemma is failure to act until one is too close to the decision point—when sometimes information and options are greatly limited. Managers and/or organizations usually work or respond in a “reactive” mode. Problems are “found” only after the issue has begun to have a negative impact on the company, such as the case of the problem for the new president. He stated in the question scenario, that he felt the company was operating ...
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...Ashford University Business Research Methods and Tools BUS 642 Professor Janice Johnson April 30, 2012 Assignment Two A Competitive Coup in the In-Flight Magazine A & B: What are the most prudent decisions she can make about her responsibilities to herself and others? What are the implications of those decisions even if there is no violation of law or regulation? The most important item to consider in this scenario is that of ethics. Ethics are defined as “norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about our behavior and our relationships with others” (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p. 32). One of the goals of ethics in research are to make sure that no harm or consequences come from research activities (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). In this scenario, there are several harms and consequences that can occur from the usage of the found information. To begin, there is the problem foresaw by the manager. AutoCorp’s new ethical policy regarding competitor’s information may be pertinent to this information. If an employee in possession of such information is required to return the data or face dismissal, the consequence is not just for the manager (firing) but also for the company (having to replace said employee). This implies a monetary issue for both parties. The manager may rationalize this found information as existing in a gray area of policy, but the question would remain to the consequences of usage. When in question, it would be the wise decision...
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...facilitate the research design process? 8. What ethical issues arise when selecting a research design? AUTHOR’S NOTES: CHAPTER FOCUS This chapter provides an overview of research design. A definition and a classification of research designs are presented. The differences between exploratory and conclusive research designs are discussed. The three basic types of research designs, namely exploratory, descriptive, and causal, are described and a comparative analysis of these designs is presented. The potential sources of errors in research designs are covered in some detail. The budgeting and scheduling of a marketing research project, as well as the preparation of a marketing research proposal, are covered. This chapter is similar to competing texts with regard to the material on the basic types of research designs. It is different in that it presents a comparative analysis of these designs and also gives a unified treatment of errors associated with research designs. This chapter could be taught by focusing on the opening questions sequentially. Greater emphasis could be placed on the differences between exploratory and conclusive research (Opening Question 2) and on the material on exploratory, descriptive, and causal research (Opening Question 3). The potential sources of errors in a research design should be...
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...The relationship between Miles and Snow's strategic types and human resource practices. Abstract: Purpose: This study explores the relationship between organizational strategy and human resources practices, specifically as they relate to the Miles and Snow typology of strategic choices (1978). Design/methodology/approach: Using self-classification, employees assessed their firm's strategy using descriptions characterizing the Defender, Analyzer, Prospector and Reactor strategies developed by Snow and Hrebiniak (1980). Findings: This paper presents empirical evidence supporting the notion that different types of human resources practices more closely complement the unique strategic choices. Specifically there is a significant relationship for the use of the more modern types of human resources practices in the Prospector organizations. For Defender organizations, where more traditional human resource practices were expected to be appropriate, the results were not significant. It does appear that Defender organizations use the traditional HR practices more extensively than Prospector organizations. It appears that regardless of their chosen strategy, most companies still make at least limited use of the traditional HR practices. Research limitations/implications: Further research is needed to confirm and validate these findings with a larger sample which could include a broader mix of US companies as well as global respondents. While this exploratory research has found...
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...I ~ i APPLIED SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODS SERIES CASE Series Editors LEONARD BICKMAN, Peabody College, Vandelbilt University. Nashvine DEBRA J. ROO. Vanderbilt UnillelSity. Washington. DC I. SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS (ThIrd Edition) by FlOYD J. FOWLER, Jr. 2. SYNTHESIZING RESEARCH (ThIrd edition) by HARRIS COOPER 3. METHODS FOR POUCY RESEARCH by ANN MAJCHRZAK 4. SECONDARY RESEARCH (Second Edition) by DAVID W. STEWART and MICHAEL A. KAMINS 5. CASE sruDY RESEARCH (ThIrd edition) by ROBERT K. YIN 6. META-ANALY11C PROCEDURES FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH (Revl'" Edition) by ROBERT ROSENTHAL 7. TELEPHONE SURVEY METHODS (Second Edition) by PAUL J. LAVRAKAS 8. DIAGNOSING ORGANlZAnoNS (s.cond Edition) by MICHAEL I. HARRISON 9. GROUP TECHNIQUES FOR IDEA BUILDING (Second Edition, by CARL M. MOORE 10. NEED ANALYSI9 by JACK McKilliP II. UNKING AUDmNG AND META EVALUAnON by THOMAS A. SCHWANDT and EOINARD S. HALPERN 12. ETHICS AND VALUES IN APPUED SOCIAL RESEARCH by ALLAN J. KIMMEL 13. ON nME AND METHOD by JANICE R. KEllY and JOSEPH E. McGRATH 14. RESEARCH IN HEALTH CARE SEmNGS by KATHLEEN E. GRADY and BARBARA STRUDLER WALlSTON 15. PARnCIPANT OBSERVAnON by DANNY JORGENSEN 16. INTERPREnVE INTERACllONISM (Second Edition) by NORMAN K. DENZIN 17. ETHNOGRAPHY (Second Edition) by DAVID M. FETTERMAN 18. STANDARDIZED...
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...Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/qnt565-final-exam/ Week One: The Purpose of Business Research Objective:Determine the significance, scope, magnitude and feasibility of finding a solution to the situation, risk management, or opportunity. 1. Which of the following questions is considered when discussing the management dilemma? 2. How can management eliminate negative symptoms? 3. What does the manager need to know to choose the best alternative from the available sources of action? 4. What is the recommended course of action? 5. What symptoms cause management concern? 6. What should be asked or observed to obtain the information the manager needs? Objective:Determine the significance, scope, magnitude and feasibility of finding a solution to the situation, risk management, or opportunity. 1. The fundamental weakness in the research process is: incorrectly defining the research question B. identifying a flawed sampling frame C. misdefining the target population D. failing to identify all relevant secondary information E. skipping the exploratory phase Objective: Identify ethical issues involved in business research. 1. Which of the following is an example of findings nondisclosure? Dean and Deluca doesn’t want Whole Foods to know about it is conducting research on organic wines. B. Whole Foods is studying a potential new location near a large condo complex. C. Bayer seeks to disclose that Vioxx is no more effective than...
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...will firstly discuss the definitions of culture and negotiation, and then it will discuss cultural influence on negotiation and its behaviour; finally it will suggest possible strategies in addressing difficulties caused by cultural differences. This essay will argue that cultural impacts increase the difficulties of cross-culture negotiation, but negotiators can successfully manage the difficulties by increasing their knowledge of different cultures and continuously practise relevant strategies. Culture Culture is a term that can be explained in many different ways. According to Alon and Brett (2007), culture is a process of socialisation that people learn a shared pattern of behaviour and affective understandings. These patterns distinguish one group of people from another. Carrell, Shank and Barbero (2009) also state that culture is not physical elements but the perceptions that members consider them. People from the same culture usually perceive the tangible and intangible elements in a similar way. In addition, culture is defined by Damen (as cited in Farazmand, Tu, & Daneefard, 2011, p.40) that "learned and shared human patterns or models for living; day- to-day living patterns. These patterns and models pervade all aspects of human social interaction. Culture is mankind's primary adaptive mechanism"....
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...Chapter 1 Introduction to Educational Research LEARNING OBJECTIVES To be able to Explain the importance of educational research. List at least five areas of educational research. Explain the difference between basic and applied research. Describe evaluation research, action research, and critical theory research. Discuss the different sources of knowledge. Visit the study site for an interactive concept map. Explain the scientific approach to knowledge generation. Explain how to determine the quality of a theory or explanation. List the five objectives of educational research and provide an example of each. 2 RESEARCH IN REAL LIFE Research Aids Decision Making In June 2002, New York Governor George Pataki signed a state law giving Mayor Michael Bloomberg control of New York City’s public school system. Most observers agree that this is a school system desperately in need of reform. The 1,100 schools within this system educate 1.1 million kids. However, using the word educate would seem to be somewhat of a misnomer because only about half of the city’s public school students finish high school in 4 years. Only 40 percent of third- through eighth-grade students score at an acceptable level in reading, and only 34 percent do so in math. About 100 of the 1,100 schools are classified by the state as failing, and another 300 are almost as bad. Clearly, something needs to be done. While campaigning for mayor, Michael Bloomberg had many ideas, one...
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...MECHANISMS FOR DEALING WITH SHAREHOLDER-MANAGER CONFLICTS * * AGENCY VERSUS CONTRACT * * FURTHER READING: Agency theory suggests that the firm can be viewed as a nexus of contracts (loosely defined) between resource holders. An agency relationship arises whenever one or more individuals, called principals, hire one or more other individuals, called agents, to perform some service and then delegate decision-making authority to the agents. The primary agency relationships in business are those (1) between stockholders and managers and (2) between debtholders and stockholders. These relationships are not necessarily harmonious; indeed, agency theory is concerned with so-called agency conflicts, or conflicts of interest between agents and principals. This has implications for, among other things, corporate governance and business ethics. When agency occurs it also tends to give rise to agency costs, which are expenses incurred in order to sustain an effective agency relationship (e.g., offering management performance bonuses to encourage managers to act in the shareholders' interests). Accordingly, agency theory has emerged as a dominant model in the financial economics literature, and is widely discussed in business ethics texts. Agency theory in a formal sense originated in the early 1970s, but the concepts behind it have a long and varied history. Among the influences are property-rights theories, organization economics, contract law, and political philosophy, including...
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...(Journal of Management Studies, vol. 30(6), 1993). Do you agree with these statements? If so, why, and what are the implications of your beliefs for research methods in strategic management and organization science? If not, why not, and what are the implications of your beliefs for research methods in those areas? Lay out the components of the Runkel and McGrath (1972) Research Cycle and the Martin (1982) Garbage Can Model of the research process. What are the aims of either approach? What assumptions does each approach make? What basic themes does each approach emphasize? What kinds of constraints on the process of doing research does each approach highlight? How are the two approaches alike and different in other ways? What are the likely pitfalls of viewing the research process from only one of these two viewpoints? Define (and discuss important features or issues concerning) the following constructs of Philosophy and Logic of Science. (Define any four terms). 1. Null hypothesis 3. Paradigm 4. Independent variable 5. Operational definition 6. Nomological network 8. The fallacy of affirming the consequent 9. Theory 2. Logical empiricism (positivism) 7. Modus tollens A4. Organizational Studies may be described as either a basic or an applied discipline. From your point of view, is Organizational Studies a basic discipline or an applied discipline, or both? What should it be? When answering this question, be sure to define distinctions between these two types of disciplines...
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...the international trading process and how to generally deal with them as the other party in negotiations. 1. INTRODUCTION In this era of globalization, there is an inordinate necessity to comprehend how culture effects negotiations among parties in diverse areas of the world. Culture deeply influences how people communicate, think and behave. Prosperous cross-cultural negotiations require a perception of the negotiation style of those involved in the process, and the approval and respect of their cultural dogmas and rules. As mentioned, it is unquestionable that culture profoundly influences how people think, communicate and behave (Faure, 1999), thus guiding the type of transactions made and how they are traded. Cultural differences between the negotiators can create barriers that prevent or hinder the development of negotiations. Therefore, knowledge, acceptance and respect for the culture of the parties are essential to ensure the success of a negotiation and to avoid possible misapprehensions. Hence, to analyze and note the style adopted by the negotiators of a given culture is a challenging and exigent mission. Hence, to analyze and note the style adopted by the negotiators of a given culture is a challenging and...
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...A Study on CUSTOMER SERVICES OF RESTAURENTS IN HYDERABAD [pic] By DINESH YEPURU Roll no: 2T1-14 PGDM Under the guidance of Sri.M.Chaithanya Asst.professor, Marketing A Project Report Submitted to the SIVA SIVANI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT Partial fulfillment of the requirements of PGDM SIVA SIVANI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SECUNDERABAD ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is of great pleasure to take the opportunity to acknowledge and express my gratitude to all who helped me through in my project. I thank Sri.M.Chaithanya Asst.Professor, Marketing Siva Sivani Institute of Management for guiding to do the project work. I am always grateful to him for his direction and inspiration. I am grateful to Mr.Rujbeh Taraporawalla Regional Hr Manager in OVER THE EDGE FOOD SOLUTIONS PVT LTD, who was my guide, for his invaluable guidance and cooperation during the course of the project. He provided me with his assistance and support whenever needed that has been instrumental in completion of this project. The learning during the project was immense & invaluable. My work basically included the study of various ways for developing customer...
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...Knowledge management and organizational performance: Theoretical Study 1. Introduction Knowledge is an asset that needs to be effectively managed. Interest in knowledge management (KM) has grown dramatically in the recent years, as more researchers and practitioners have become aware of the knowledge potential to drive innovation and improve performance. For an organization to remain competitive, it must effectively practice the activities of creating, acquiring, documenting, transferring, and applying knowledge in solving problems and exploiting opportunities. Many researchers argue what the organization comes to know explains its performance. The ultimate test of any business concept, such as KM, is whether it improves business performance. If organizations cannot use knowledge to improve performance, knowledge does not have measurable value. However, management research has often overlooked the role of knowledge and KM in the analysis of organizations and their performance. Most of KM research consists of either theoretical analyses of KM issues or case-based reviews of organizations’ KM practices. Consequently, KM research is short of offering an unambiguous understanding of the role of KM in improving organizational performance. On the other hand, effective KM entails an understanding of the interrelationships that may exist among KM processes such as knowledge acquisition, knowledge creation, knowledge documentation, knowledge transfer, and knowledge application. These...
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