...Eating disorders are eating habits that affect the mental and physical health of the body. Eating habits include insufficient food intake or excessive food intake. One of the most common forms of eating disorders is bulimia nervosa. Bulimia can be classified in two categories, purging bulimia and non-purging bulimia. Purging bulimia is when an individual forces himself or herself to vomit by drug misuse or by sticking their fingers into their throat to get out the food they had just binged on. Other ways one might try to quickly lose calories and stop weight gain include “fasting, strict dieting or excessive exercise” (Mayo Clinic Staff). However, trying to lose calories with either one of these methods is commonly known as purging, even if...
Words: 723 - Pages: 3
...Recurrent episodes of binge eating. 2. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain. 3. Symptoms continuing, on average, at least once a week for three months. 4. Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. 5. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervosa (Comer, 2013). An episode of binge eating occurs when the person eats a larger amount of food than most people would eat during a similar time span, often two hours, and feels a lack of control over what or how much one is consuming. Such episodes may entail eating much more rapidly than normal, eating until uncomfortably full, eating alone due to embarrassment, eating when they may not be hungry and having a sense of gilt after. The recurrent compensatory behaviors of one suffering from bulimia nervosa may include forcing themselves to vomit; misusing laxatives, diuretics, or enemas; fasting; or exercising excessively. People with bulimia...
Words: 2169 - Pages: 9
...PARMAR SHIVANGI SHARMA GURMEET KAUR VARINDER DHIMAN Case Study British Petroleum Runs the Social Media Gauntlet Company Background British Petroleum is Public Limited Company established in 1954. BP is one of the TOP global oil and gas corporations in the world. It provides many products like carrying fuel; buy and sell services, power for heat and luminosity and petrochemicals products for day to day use items. It is on 3rd ranking, 1st and 2nd are held by Exxon Mobil and Royal Dutch Shell. The headquarter of British petroleum is in London, United Kingdom. It works in all sections of the oil, gas and energu business, they also do manufacturing and examination, up streaming, refining, promotion and distribution and power generation alternative energy and commercial functions. BP is in a perilous business, and is devoted to supremacy via ordered and organized management of activities. The company maintain improvement for the long-lasting future and beyond has been a part of designed focus for the British petroleum directors. BP has the idea to get enhanced and proceed the distinction and prospective of its industrial portfolio. The company focus on constructing long-term or weighty relationships with its customers and deliberate partnerships in business sector. The company has ability in petrochemicals. British petroleum has more than 80,300 workers, a income of $297bn (2010) and branches in six continents. Case Overview On April 20, 2010, a lethal mix of mud, concrete...
Words: 1573 - Pages: 7
...Academic reflective essay The essay will focus on the patient involved in the given case study named as Mrs. S. In addition, the essay will give a relevant and brief history of the patient. It will also define the term ‘bio-psycho-social’ and its relevance to holistic care. For the point of discussion, the essay will focus on the management of care for patient with gastrointestinal illness resulting in stoma operation and will discuss the biopsychosocial factors affecting the patient and how this changes ‘normal’ biology, psychology and sociology. The individual chosen to focus on is named as Mrs. S. The patient involved in this case study Mrs. S. is a 48 years old lady who works in school as a teacher. She lives with her husband, Mr. S, in a small town. Her husband works as a builder, which has long working hours, leaving him not much time to look after their children. They have two girls and they are aged 12 and 10. They are a loving family. Mrs. S looks after the children, takes them to school and pick them up. Mrs. S is a very active lady with a very active social life, she likes to meet up with her friends during the weekend; she swims four days a week with her children, and she balances her time with family and her job. She is suffering from mild hypertension, drinks minimal amount of alcohol during the weekends and smokes 5-10 cigarettes a day. The term ‘bio-psycho-social’ refers to the relationship amongst biological, psychological and social characteristics of an...
Words: 2355 - Pages: 10
...“beautiful” by selling them weight loss products, exercise programs, and other image enhancers. The constant exposure to the media’s version of beautiful is not something that is often thought of as negative. However, their portrayal of what is beautiful has become distorted over the years, to the point where achieving this “thin-ideal”, which will be defined later, is nearly impossible for women if done through healthy means. Because of this, many women develop body dissatisfaction, which can lead to serious and dangerous consequences, such as the development of eating disorders, in order to be “beautiful”. While there are many factors that can be linked to eating disorders, research has found that the media’s influence on society’s portrayal of extremely thin females as the ideal body is directly correlated to the increase in body dissatisfaction, eating disorders and other harmful conditions found in women. By analyzing this from a feminist perspective, it can be argued that not only does the media’s influence on the idealization of thinness effect females physical and mental health negatively, but it also acts as reinforcement for the patriarchal culture prevalent in today’s society. There is a wide range of eating disorders, ranging from minor to severe. Body dissatisfaction, which is “a psychiatric condition in which the affected person suffers from a flawed perception that views some part of the body or physical feature to be defective or...
Words: 2979 - Pages: 12
...Chp 15 Notes Defining Psychological Disorders Psychological disorder - a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior Disturbed, or dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive - they interfere with normal day-to-day life. Understanding Psychological Disorders Medical Model Brutal treatments may worsen, rather than improve, mental health. Philippe Pinel opposed such brutal treatments. He insisted that sickness of the mind is caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions. Curing them requires “moral treatment’” including boosting patients’ moral by unchaining them and talking with them. Medical model - the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in more cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital Biopsychosocial Approach The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes that mind and body are inseparable. Negative emotions contribute to physical illness, and physical abnormalities contribute to negative emotions. Epigenetics - the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Classifying Disorders & Labeling People Classification aims to: * Predict the disorder’s future course * Suggest appropriate treatment * Prompt research into causes DSM-5 - the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of...
Words: 2057 - Pages: 9
...and also necessary for health and survival. DEFINITION Sleep can e defined as a normal state of altered consciousness during which the body rests; it is characterized by decreased responsiveness to the environment, and a person can be aroused from it by external stimuli. INCIDENCE & CHARACTERISTICS: Sleep is generally characterized by a reduction in voluntary body movement, temporary blindness, decreased reaction to external stimuli, loss of consciousness, a reduction in audio receptivity, an increased rate of anabolism (the synthesis of cell structures), and a decreased rate of catabolism (the breakdown of cell structures. Almost a third of the general population has some problems with sleep during any given year. More than half of the 9000 participants in a study of sleep in elderly persons (65 years or older) reported the following as sleep pattern disturbance that they experience most of the time: • Trouble falling asleep • Frequent awakening • Waking too early • Needing to nap • Not feeling rested These disturbances may be secondary to situational, environmental or developmental stressors, or they may be associated with illness or with pre-existing disorders. The relationship is often reciprocal, in that the disorder decreases sleep & the decreased sleep affects the disorder. CHRONOBIOLOGY Chronobiology refers to the study of biologic changes as they occur in relation to time. The sleep wake cycle is one of the...
Words: 4380 - Pages: 18
...rarely give rise to physical complications for mother or foetus. However, more serious and chronic eating disorders including bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa may also occur during pregnancy. These conditions are most prevalent among women of childbearing age and some evidence suggests that both disorders can also be precipitated by pregnancy (Weinfeld et al. 1977; Price et al. 1986). The prevalence of eating disorders among pregnant women is unknown, but the low body weight and sexual inactivity of anorexic women suggests that this disorder is much less common than in the general population. Markedly reduced fertility rates have been confirmed in long-term outcome studies of these patients (Brinch et al. 1988). Comparable data are not available for bulimia, but most of these patients are of normal weight and they are more likely to be married than anorexics. Although the prevalence rate for bulimia in women is approximately 1 % (King, 1986; JohnsonSabine et al. 1988), and partial syndromes are also common, no cases were reported in a random series of 119 primigravidae (Kumar & Robson, 1984) or in 92 obstetric patients referred for assessment by a liaison psychiatrist (Appleby et al. 1989). Such low rates of diagnosis may be due to the reluctance of patients to disclose details of their behaviour in the absence of specific questions about dietary habits and attitudes to weight...
Words: 2752 - Pages: 12
...1. Childhood David Parker Ray was born on November 6, 1939 and died May 28, 2002. David was suspected to be a serial killer and well-known torture killer of many women, although no bodies were ever recovered. David was eventually discovered when many of his accomplices came forward with accusations regarding the murder of around eight women. On top of these known victims, police also believe that Ray may be responsible for the murders of up to sixty women near and around Truth or Consequences, New Mexico. Ray had a very disturbed and violent childhood. Many have speculated that this was the road that led him to his life of torture and murder. Ray resided with his grandparents. While still occasionally seeing his father, he was physically abused each and every time. While he was attending school he made very poor grade, and was often teased for being shy around females. Many of his educational downfalls were thought to be brought on by the passing of his Grandmother which split him and his sister up. David eventually graduated high school and spent much of his time participating in illicit drug use and a strong habit of consuming alcohol. He later enlisted in the military. 1. Ray’s Murders Ray tortured and murdered all of the female victims in a homemade torture facility he named "toy box". The chamber contained many objects that he personally named and felt to be his friends. The contents of his friends consisted of chains, pliers, pulleys, clamps, whips, knives, chainsaws...
Words: 1309 - Pages: 6
...refers to an intoxication ingredient that’s found in wine, beer, and liquor while a drug relates to any substance apart from food that if smoked, inhaled, injected, consumed or is dissolved under the tongue it results in a physiological change of the body. The combination of the two might lead in a crime which is can be denoted as unlawful practices that are punishable by the law. Alcohol and drugs contribute much to the high rate of the offence in most societies though considering other risk factors such as child exposure to violence and mental or biological health. The risk factors aside research have examined alcohol and drug abuse to be the major contributor to crime. The relationship of narcotics to crime is quite complex and yet controversial; the puzzling question is whether people who use drugs are already crime oriented or is there a direct connection between drugs and alcohol consumption to criminal activities. Taking a case study of the Australian community it has been documented that the estimated cost of alcohol and drug-related crime range from $1.96 billion to over $4 billion. The statistics are quite the same to every as alcohol and drugs prove to be the biggest ingredient to spark up the crime. Through observational study, it has been identified that illegal drug users who engage in intensive drug use are bound to amplify and take part in pre-existing criminal activities. This has sensitized most communities to come up with government response organization that work...
Words: 1416 - Pages: 6
...What are Eating Disorders? An eating disorder is marked by extremes. It is present when a person experiences severe disturbances in eating behaviour, such as extreme reduction of food intake or extreme overeating, or feelings of extreme distress or concern about body weight or shape. A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amounts of food than usual, but at some point, the urge to eat less or more spirals out of control. Eating disorders are very complex, and despite scientific research to understand them, the biological, behavioural and social underpinnings of these illnesses remain elusive. The two main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Eating disorders frequently appear during adolescence or young adulthood, but some reports indicate that they can develop during childhood or later in adulthood. Women and girls are much more likely than males to develop an eating disorder. Over 90% of people diagnosed with eating disorders are adolescent or young women. Eating disorders are real, treatable medical illnesses with complex underlying psychological and biological causes. They frequently co-exist with other psychiatric disorders such as depression, substance abuse, or anxiety disorders. Biological Perspective The biological perspective is a way of looking at psychological topics by studying the physical basis for human behaviour. It involves such things as studying the immune system, nervous system...
Words: 1554 - Pages: 7
...also become one of the serious problems. It grown considerably in the past two decades and most of the children are more likely become overweight adults. Obesity will lead to suffering from the disease, for example heart attack and diabetes. According to Price, Danielle and Nicholas (2000), there are around 300,000 people die each year because infect the disease that causes by obesity (as cited by Sidik and Rampal, 2009). Generally, I strongly agree that obesity is a kind of disease among Malaysian because obesity can cause physical, mental and social problem. First and foremost, obesity can cause negative effects to our bodily systems, which will further affect our physical health. People who excesses weight will more care about their body health, compare to normal weight individuals, because they have higher risk to suffer from disease. Most of the obese people are more likely to have high blood pressure and cholesterol. This is because the fat tissue blocks the blood vessels, and it increases the workload of our heart. Furthermore, obesity also will lead to backaches and joint pain. This happened is because of the stress of the placed on the joints by...
Words: 1398 - Pages: 6
...Sexuality Research Paper Introduction: The question of sexuality is on that needs that needs thorough analysis in order to determine the implication brought about by the depiction of sex and sexuality through the use of print media. The depiction of human sexuality can be separated into two parts, male and female sexuality. These two forms vary according to the differences in the gender of the persons involved. Objective: The main objective of this paper is to study, keenly, the research methods used in two literatures, and to provide an analysis of the literatures on sexual imagery. The two literatures were compiled by different people to show how various forms of male and female sexuality are constructed in different publications. The two articles are similar because they both talk about the depiction of women in various forms of print advertisements especially in magazines. However, as Sexuality focuses mostly on the sexuality and people’s view of sex, as well as, their feelings and preferences in sex, The European Journal of Marketing, focuses mostly on the picture of women that is painted representing women as either sexual objects or feminine sexual goddesses. The European Journal of Marketing also focuses on the position of women and their sex roles in the community. In the article, the various sex roles that women play have been reviewed. It has also compared the power of women, in sex, over men, and that of men over women as well. *Fravid and Braun (2006) what...
Words: 1636 - Pages: 7
...Binge eating disorders. However, I will base this essay on one of these classifications known as Anorexia Nervosa eating disorder which is defined as a physiological illness whereby people starve themselves and refused to eat - Ambrose and Deisler (2011). Another author defines anorexia nervosa as refusal to maintain a healthy body weight and fear of gaining weight Shepphired (2010). For the purpose of this essay, I will discuss much more on this type of eating disorder popularly known as Anorexia nervosa by DSM-V(2013). I am going to divide this essay into three parts. I will look at the signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa. I will identify the possible impact of the illness in the life of a patient and her immediate environments (the families and Friends of the individual) and the treatment or nursing intervention. I will also relate this experience to one of my patient at my placement. In accordance with the Data Protection Act (2000) and Nursing and Midwifery code of conduct (2010), I have adopted the name Lola (not the Real name) in order to maintain confidentiality. Meanwhile, I have sought her permission to use Her scenario as a case study and she gave her consent before I started this write up. Lola’s Parent have observed and reported some early attitudinal abnormalities such as reading food labels and diet book for calories contents, measuring the portions of her food, pretending she has eating or...
Words: 2585 - Pages: 11
...her mind. Was there a presence in this room last night that tried to kill her? Did she see the ghostly image of Sean O’Malley? Is Ms. Emily right and someone or something is haunting Glendara? Shaking the fogginess from her brain, she determined that what happened last night was all in her head. To think I saw what I thought I saw is complete nonsense. Get a grip. You had a nightmare. She added fervently. At least I hope so. Stretching like a cat, she swung her legs to the side of the bed to perch on the edge. She gave the room a quick scan. Checking the chair by the window, the folded clothes...
Words: 1587 - Pages: 7
