...The Divine Comedy Author name University The contrast between Inferno and Purgatory First circle was Limbo. There were unbaptized and virtuous non-Christians, many wise and well-known people such as Homer, Horace, Avicenna, Cicero, Hippocrates, Socrates, Aristotle and others. In the second circle (Lust) were people, who took possession of lust. Here Dante saw Cleopatra, Semiramis, Dido, Helen of Troy. A strong wind threw their souls back and forth without a pause. The third circle (Gluttony) was for gluttons, guarded by a huge Cerberus. They laid here in mud, under the cold rain, unable to see anything around and not paying attention to each other. Here, Dante met Florentine Chacko, who died recently. In the fourth circle (Greed) were wasteful and mean people. They moved heave objects from place to place. In the fifth one (Anger) were angry and lazy people. They fought each other in Styx marsh. Dante met Filippo Argenti there. The sixth circle (Heresy) was a haven of heretics who believed that the soul dies with a body. They were burned alive in the fiery tombs. Here he met Epicurus, Emperor Frederick II, and Pope Anastasius II. The 7th circle (Violence) was the circle of violence. Here were three rings. In the outer ring, sinners were boiled in a bloody Phlegethon river. Here lived Alexander the Great, Dionysius I of Syracuse, Guy de Montfort Obizzo d'Este, Rinier Pazzo, Rinier da Corneto, and Azzolino da Romano. In the middle ring were suicides and profligates. Suicides were...
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...Aguilar, Kryztelle Mae P. World Literature AB Psychology 05/08/2015 About the Author Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) remains Italy's greatest poet. He was born in the city of Florence, in the region of Tuscany, Italy in the spring of 1265. He wrote the Divine Comedy(Commedia) from 1308 to 1320, completing the work the year before he died. The Divine Comedy is one of literature's boldest undertakings, as Dante takes us through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and then reaches Heaven (Paradiso), where he is permitted to partake of the Beatific Vision. Dante's journey serves as an allegory of the progress of the individual soul toward God. While Dante was critical of the Catholic Church as an institution, his writings remained faithful to his schooling by the Dominicans, where he learned the theology of St. Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274). The Divine Comedy signaled the beginning of the Renaissance. The Commedia by Dante had everlasting impact on Italy, for the Tuscan dialect became the literary language of Italy. He died in political exile in Ravenna, Italy in September 1321. The Divine Comedy 1308-1320 INFERNO "Midway in our life's journey, I went astray from the straight road and woke to find myself alone in a dark wood. How shall I say what wood that was! I never saw so drear, so rank, so arduous a wilderness! Its very memory gives a shape to fear. Death could scarce be more bitter than that place! But since it came...
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...Purgatory Canto XVI. The Divine Comedy is one of Dante’s great collections of poems. It portrays many themes such as love, suffering, justice, fate and free will. As we move on to the Purgatory, Dante has strict views about his political vision, and we see that through his encounter with Marco Lombardo in Canto XVI. Dante and Virgil encounter Marco in a smoke filled space. Marco Lombardo is a courteous and well informed person as he serves as a center point for Dante’s ideas about human responsibility, free will, political institutions. In Canto XVI of the Purgatory, Dante and Virgil are traveling as they encounter smoke that was “too much to bear” (Pur. XVI 7). Through the blinding smoke, Dante hears the voice of a soul under the name Marco Lombardo. Marco agrees to help Virgil and Dante escape from this smoke infested space. As Marco guides Virgil and Dante through the space, Marco tells of a problem that has been haunting him. “the world, indeed, as you have just declared, Is destitute of every virtue known, swarming with evils, ever breeding more. “(Pur. XVI 58-60) Marco is essentially saying that the world is swarming with evils which consequently give rise to more evils. These evils are created by people not exercising their free will and decision making to aid them in their decisions. “You men on earth attribute everything to the spheres’ influence alone, as if with some predestined plan they moved all things If this were true, then our Free Will would...
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...The Divine Chocolate Company is a fair trade company that helps in developing poor countries. It deals with cocoa growers to get cocoa to use it in chocolate production and gives them dramatic benefits. Therefore, this essay will discuss the reasons for establishing the company, the advantages of fair trade to farmers and the reasons that helped the company to win the Trade Partners Award. The Divine Chocolate Company was established in 1998 for several reasons. One of the most important reason is supplying chocolate from the cocoa growers by offering a fair deal with them. The reason for that is to produce a high quality chocolate to it costumers. Another reason is to use Kuapa Kokoo cocoa in the production of chocolate for mainstream shops in Britain. Kuapa Kokoo is a cocoa growers' co-operative in Ghana. The farmers reaction to fair trade is positive because of the advantages of fair trade to farmers. There are a lot of fair trade advantages to farmers. The Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO) gives the producers who are registered with FLO minimum price that covers the production cost and an extra premium that invested in the local community. It helps the farmers to fight the poverty and they invest fair trade prices in things they need, such as; tools, clean water well and education. In addition the Divine Chocolate Company ensures a fair trade price of $1600 to farmers as well as $150 a tonne social premium to be spent on wells and other improvements...
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...The Divine Comedy The afterlife has all been speculation based on ones own beliefs. Some people believe there is simply nothing while others believe that there is a heaven or hell. In the “Divine Comedy”, Dante is lost in a forest when he is found by the spirit of Virgil. This spirit then leads him through the circles of Hell the terraces of Purgatory and the spheres of Heaven. On his journey he sees spirits either punished or rewarded for their decisions on earth. The main theme of The Divine Comedy, written by Dante Alighieri is the choices made in a man’s life and where those choices will put him after death. Dante Alighieri’s version of Hell describes all of the punishments of those condemned, in accord with their sin. On entering Hell, Dante and Virgil read a sign, describing the horrors of hell and that there is no escape. “Through me you enter the city of woes… Abandon all hope ye who enter here.” (Dante Inferno Canto III) As they travel through Hell they see all of the various punishments for the condemned. They find that each sinner is condemned to a punishment that is in relation with his or her sin. For example, the Misers and the Spendthrifts are in Circle IV. Their sins were that they worshipped money so much that they hoarded it, or had so little regard for money that they spent it wildly. Nothing is so loathed to a miser as a spendthrift. So, their punishment is to bombard each other continually with huge stones expressing the antagonism between excessive...
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...In the texts The Divine Comedy, On Law Morality and Politics, and Revelations of Divine Love, there is a central theme of divine justice. In Dante’s Inferno, divine justice is God’s will for mankind and the order of the universe. In Saint Thomas Aquinas’ text, divine justice is the consequence of straying away from divine law. Finally, in Julian of Norwich’s work, the purpose of divine justice is to earn God’s mercy and eventually reside in his presence. Using different understandings of divine law and justice, each author is uniquely able to convey a similar message – mankind’s purpose is to achieve salvation and be in God’s grace. In Dante’s The Divine Comedy, the nature of justice seems to be impartial and unexempt from anyone. Specifically,...
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...Tuesday September 8, 2015 You will write a 1500 word argumentative essay on the topic of Ethics and Religion or Value Theory. Only your own writing counts towards the 1500 word min. Quotes should be used sparingly, and will not be factored into your word-count. You will submit a copy to Turnitin (via Blackboard) as well as a hard copy to me in class or in my mailbox. Assignments turned in after the start of class on Tuesday September 8 will have 5% deducted, and will not be accepted after the start of class Thursday September 10 (hard copy and Turnitin by the beginning of class). Please choose from the following topics: 1. What is the Divine Command Theory? How does Plato’s argument in the Euthyphro cast doubt on this theory? Can Divine Command Theory overcome Plato’s (and others’) criticisms? Why or why not? (Your answer to the third question will be your thesis statement/conclusion, which you will support throughout your paper.) 2. What objections does Robert Nozick raise to the theory that happiness is the only thing desirable for its own sake? Nozick claims that “Plugging into the machine is a kind of suicide.” What does he mean be this? Do you think he is right? (Your answer to the last question will be your thesis statement/conclusion, which you will support throughout your paper.) 3. How does J.J.C. Smart argue for Extreme Utilitarianism? Do you agree that we ought to follow Extreme Utilitarianism? Why or why...
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...Research Paper: Divine Comedy Epic poems were popular as early as Ancient Greece. These poems depicted the events and the ideas of the time they were written in. One such epic poem was Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. Written in the early fourteenth century the Divine Comedy takes on an allegoric view of the Christian and of the political beliefs held by Dante at the time. Dante was part of a political group in Italy known as the White Guelphs, who favored the Pope as leader over the Holy Roman Emperor. This held influence in the Divine Comedy. In trying to get these ideas out the people Dante wrote the epic poem in the vernacular of the Italian people. The Divine Comedy is centered on Dante and his two guides. The poem takes the reader on a journey with Dante and his guides through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. This is accomplished through the poem being broken up into three main canticles. Each one of these canticles contains thirty-three cantos. The number three is an important Christian symbol as it symbolizes the Trinity. This is important to Dante in his poem due to his religious beliefs. As the reader gets a literal description on Dante’s travels, the reader symbolically gains insight on how people viewed the progression of a person’s soul toward God. The first canticle is about Dante’s and his guide, Virgil’s, descent through the ten circles of Hell. As they descend through Hell the reader learns about the 10 circles. The deeper in Hell the...
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...Jason Liu & Peter Lin English 11 Ms. Wan Sep 28 2014 Francesca da Rimini in The Divine Comedy In order to better understand Francesca’s role in The Divine Comedy, it is necessary to first understand her backstory and how Dante is able to identify her. In many ways those who are personally identified by Dante in the Inferno are there for specific reasons. Each fallen character plays the role of shedding light on a specific human emotion or vice that acts as a pitfall. Francesca’s pitfall was lust, and thus she is condemned to be blown around for all eternity in the gusts of the second circle of the Inferno. This symbolizes how the passions in life blew the condemned whichever way they went, no matter the cost to those who they hurt. In her vivid interpretation, Francesca remains inexpiate to her infamous acts and even absolves herself from responsibility of sin of lust in a stern and regretless tone. Francesca is not repentant for her action while alive on Earth which is interesting side note. The love that she speaks of effects Dante so much because in a sense regretless tone about her adultery. She regards her trespass with Paolo as “past happiness” and this memory crave in her soul. It is meaningful because it is “no greater pain than to remember”(121). Her words elaborates all the details that how the others transgressed. She arouses Dante’s empathy by convincing him that she is the victim of the affair. The book she read, Paolo and Lancelot...
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...1. One factor influencing Divine Chocolate Ltd’s pricing decisions is the fact Kuapa Kokoo owns 45% of Divine Chocolate Ltd and influences the company’s decisions and receives a share in the profit. This means that the company will have to think about what price to make the chocolate bar in order to still receive a good amount of profit after Kuapa Kokoo takes their share of it. If they don’t consider this, they make not make much profit, if any at all, and their business will be unsuccessful leading to loss of sales and no profit. A second factor affecting their pricing decisions is the competition they have with Cadbury’s. Cadbury’s bars of chocolate cost 82p and Divine Chocolate Ltd’s chocolate bars are 81p. They have to consider their pricing because Cadbury’s is a well known brand which is very popular so if they had their chocolate bar more expensive than Cadbury’s then customers are more than likely going to purchase the Cadbury’s bar because not only is it more popular but it is cheaper too. So in order for Divine Chocolate Ltd to do well, they have to make sure they are cheaper than their competitors. 2. A rivalry of two or more businesses that target the same customers. Business competition tends to result in increased efficiency as firms attempt to reduce expenses. One advantage to show that Divine Chocolate Ltd has become more competitive is the cheaper prices they offer. If customers see a chocolate bar, that would probably taste the same as a Cadbury’s bar, cheaper...
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...Well-traveled people are known to tell stories of their adventures. Travelers will describe the highs and lows of their adventures and encourage or discourage their listeners to either attempt the journey or avoid it altogether. In Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy (approximately 1317-1321), Dante he casts himself as an ordinary, sinful, distracted wanderer. Making his story relatable to the common person, Dante grabs his fellow travelers by the hand and has them follow him on his journey through the three areas of afterlife: Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. In sometimes-graphic detail, he describes these places and what can be expected in each level. Dante wants his fellow humans to avoid the eternal effects of sin. In order to assist those around him, he recounts his tale of falling from God’s grace and finding redemption in order to help others from being slaves to their poor choices. Dante believed that men choose...
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...Throughout Inferno of The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri, the law of retribution plays a major role. The law of retribution is especially relevant in Canto V, Canto XII and Canto XIII. In these sections of the text Dante discovers that the sins one committed directly correlate with their punishment in Hell. This law of retribution is closely followed in order to make the sinners suffer and to serve as a constant reminder of what they have done. Canto V depicts the sinners of lust. These sinners gave into their sexual desires and because they did not repent, they are forced to float in a violent storm for eternity. “The windblast out of Hell, forever restless, thrusts the spirits onward with its force, swirling and mauling and harassing...
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...The character of Dante changes throughout the divine comedy. There are four main points that should be noticed throughout the comedy that contrast the ways that he is acting. He progresses from a man that is straying from God's path, to a man of holyness and well being. Below are the four main transition points that Dante the character goes through. Beginning the story is a 35 year old man, lost hopelessly in the woods of life, until he notices that he is lost and decides he needs to do something about it.”So drugged and loose with sleep had I become when I first wandered there from the True way.”He tries to make his way to heaven but is halted by sin. Then, he meets Virgil, who takes him on a journey which begins the transformation of Dante. This is the start of Dante transforming into more than one who is lost, not following God to a good God following person. Dante and Virgil travel down into hell (the Inferno) only for Dante to faint in the second circle. He is so overwhelmed by this emotion that he faints.”Blind, like one whom sleep comes over in a swoon, I stumbled into darkness and went down.”As he descends down throughout the Inferno, sympathy leaves him. He hardens himself against all empathy...
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...Within the excerpt, Ivan Fyodorovitch discusses a few aspects of what I believe to be the divine command theory. In the divine command theory, “mortal truths are determined solely by God. What makes an action required, wrong, or permissible is determined by (and only by) God’s commands regarding that action.” Everything that is deemed “wrong,” is forbidden by God. Everything that is “right,” is required by God. I do believe Ivan touches briefly on the divine command theory. “Ivan Fyodorovitch added in parenthesis that the whole natural law lies in that faith, and that if you were to destroy in mankind the belief in immortality, not only love but every living force maintaining the life of the world would at once be dried up.” In this quote...
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...The divine command theory is the belief that God commands individuals to do specific things because they are deemed right. Divine authority is not a convincing starting point for justifying moral claims. Firstly, we, as individuals cannot determine or deem God as morally superior compared to us. “Yet another troubling implication of the Moral Grounds version of Divine Command theory is this: if there are no objectively right standards to which God necessarily adheres in commanding what He does- if, that is, moral standards are simply a function of God’s naked will- then his commands become wholly arbitrary” [DE, p. 99]. As mentioned, if guidelines as to what God considers right are nonexistent, then his commands are unsupported and irritational....
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