...Han Yuh Ding A0110466N Do Trans-national Corporations Help More or Harm More? “Globalization” is a popular term that originated in the 1980s to describe the process of increased interconnectedness among nations, through the movement of people, information, investments and goods across national borders. The presence of Trans-national Corporations (TNCs) in many economies today has sped up the process of globalization and the impacts of TNCs is a hotly debated issue now. From an economic viewpoint, TNCs bring about more benefits than negatives to host nations and I will be illustrating this in the remaining part of my essay by bringing in TNCs like Nestlé, Nike, Monsanto and Walmart, just to name a few. One undisputed economic benefit that TNCs brings is that it creates jobs and helps to alleviate the problem of unemployment in developing countries. TNCs actively exploit the principle of comparative advantage and often produce in a country or a region with lower costs of production input, for example, labour costs or material costs. Due to the cheaper labour costs that can be found in less economically developed countries, many TNCs choose to set up their manufacturing plants in these countries and it has opened up more jobs for the locals, especially for the low skilled workers. Nestlé, for example, operates 28 factories in the African continent today and provide direct employment to 14000 Africans and indirect employment to more than 50,000 (Nestlé, 2012). In...
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...Executive Summary The new version of globalization sees the trans- and multinational companies being the major players guided by the policies and treaties of the oversight international organizations and supported by technology. Given that the focus continues to be cross border trade, integration and investment, in the absence of any communal decision making process with defined criteria, it has been clear that globalization continues to be challenged with respect to ethical decision making for sustainable development. This paper summarizes the role and function of the major globalization oversight organizations and touches on the extent of the power that they wield. It briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of globalization and attempts to identify the goals of globalization and given these goals and the identification of the stakeholders and subsequently to evaluate whether or not it is a driver or barrier to ethical decision making and sustainable development. ‘Ethics is more than the right thing to do: it's the smart thing to do.’ Global Institute of Ethics 1.0 Introduction It appears to be no easy feat to get a precise definition for Globalization. The definition can range from that of Nobel prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz who defined it as “the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world which has been brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication...
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... an increase in the growth of cities, and an incline in individualism. A shift in the market hit right before the Industrial Revolution. Capitalist development and the industrial revolution focused on infrastructure and production and manipulation of fossil fuels. In 1919 consumerism began to sweep over the American population when General Motors Acceptance Corporation (GMAC) was established. The General Motors Acceptance Corporation mission was to issue loans to customers who had purchased a vehicle. Americans started the notion of “Keeping up with the joneses” which is the idea that Americans compare themselves to their neighbors, defining each stance in socio-cultural inferiority. With this new need for status with possessions was thought to be the beginning of the American consumer culture. Soon after The Great Depression and World War broke out. When the war-ceased consumers went wild, credit cards issued first for convince took off quickly to show status through the products each individual had. Consumerism gathered strength in the United States through internal trade growing, expansion of railroads and national markets. People began purchasing goods and materials in excess of their basic needs. With the rise of consumerism the standard of living increased. People began to move from small rural towns into cities. Fast forward to the twentieth century and now shopping centers began to develop. By the 1970s Americans surpassed Europeans nearly four times in the number...
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... companies and sold to U.S. consumers is manufactured by workers in third world countries who earn as little as 12 cents per hour drudging away in harsh and even dangerous work environments. Such workplaces are referred to as sweatshops and are especially common in the apparel and shoe industries and in toy making. Many critics object to sweatshops on the grounds that they harm the workers or violate basic human rights. These moral objections are aimed at certain sweatshop practices such as coercion, unsafe working conditions, deception, paying workers less than promised, etc. These practices are not seriously defended by many people, if any. But the “sweatshop” label can still apply to jobs that do not involve any of these more obvious moral atrocities. A difficult job with long hours that pays very little may still be referred to as a sweatshop job and, I will argue, may still be morally objectionable. The question I want to consider is whether it is morally justifiable to pay the very low sweatshop wages for the very arduous sweatshop labor even if there is no coercion, deception, or direct causing of harm. Some defenders of capitalism and supporters of free-market economics have defended sweatshop wages on the grounds that they benefit the desperately poor workers of these impoverished countries who are very glad to get the work. In an important and widely reprinted paper, Ian Maitland argues that “the appropriate test [for fair wages] is not whether the wage reaches some predetermined...
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...Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society http://bst.sagepub.com/ Green Advertising and Green Public Relations as Integration Propaganda Nina Nakajima Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2001 21: 334 DOI: 10.1177/027046760102100502 The online version of this article can be found at: http://bst.sagepub.com/content/21/5/334 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: National Association for Science, Technology & Society Additional services and information for Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society can be found at: Email Alerts: http://bst.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://bst.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://bst.sagepub.com/content/21/5/334.refs.html >> Version of Record - Oct 1, 2001 What is This? Downloaded from bst.sagepub.com at University of Wollongong on October 1, 2013 BULLETIN2001/SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETYPR Nakajima tober OF GREEN ADVERTISING AND GREEN / Oc- Green Advertising and Green Public Relations as Integration Propaganda Nina Nakajima University of Toronto lic perception must also be managed. To avoid a negative public image, companies can create the perception that they are effectively handling the problem. This way, public support can be maintained while actually doing very little to solve the problem. Technological change continues to accelerate, and with it come unintended...
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...Round as well as other negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It is currently hosting the new negotiations that were birthed from the “Doha Development Agenda” of 2001 (Wto.org,. 2014). Where states have been confronted with trade barriers and want them lowered, deliberations at the WTO have facilitated opening of markets for trade. In conjunction, the WTO is not only about opening of new markets, it also supports maintenance of trade barriers- for instance where consumer rights are threatened or to prevent harm to the consumers. At the core of WTO are the agreements that have been negotiated and sealed by the majority of the world’s trading states. These agreements present the legal guidelines for international trade. They are in essence contracts that bind governments to maintain their trading rules within the set limits (Wto.org,. 2014).. While they are signed and negotiated by states, the aim remains to help the providers of goods and services, exporters, as well as importers carry out their businesses, at the same time allowing the states to achieve their social and environmental goals. The preponderant purpose of the organization is to facilitate trade flow as freely as it is possible as long as no harmful effect is experienced. This is imperative for economic development and welfare of the member...
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...A REPORT ON “PRODUCT FEATURES OF HDFC CURRENT ACCOUNT WITH OTHER BANK, CA ACCOUNTS AND CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS” A Thesis Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for The award of the degree of POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED TO:HDFC BANK Paschim Vihar SUBMITTED BY:Aalok Aashish Kachhap 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from many people and I am extremely fortunate to have got this all along the completion of my project work. Whatever I have done is only due to such guidance and assistance and I would not forget to thank them. I respect and thank Mr. Uttam Ahluwalia (CH) for giving me an opportunity to do the project work on “Product Features Of HDFC Current Account With Other Bank, CA Accounts And Customer Requirements” and providing me all support and guidance which made me complete the project on time. I would also like thank my industry guide Mr. Raja Saha (BM), I am extremely grateful to him for giving such a nice support and guidance though he had busy schedule and of course I should not forget to thank my faculty guide Dr. KM Kumar, for his full support and guidance throughout the SIP period. I would like to extend my gratitude to Mr. Rohit Parmar (Branch Operations Manager) and Mr. Danish Raza (ABM) who went out of their way to guide me throughout my project and gave varied insights. At last but not least I am also thankful to and fortunate enough...
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...Health Advocacy Campaign Childhood obesity is considered one of the major pressing health issues of our century. The rate of childhood obesity has increased alarmingly, with the number of obese children under five globally standing at over 42 million today. Approximately 35 million of obese children are living in the developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) children who are obese and overweight are very likely to stay obese into their adulthood; further, they stand a high chance of developing non communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease while they are still young (Cheng, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to highlight the gravity of childhood obesity based on statistics and the health effects that the issue has on the children and impacts in the society. Further, the study will develop a health advocacy plan for the problem. Review laws, regulations, and ethical issues that could impact health advocacy plan in regards to childhood obesity. Population Health Issue and Population Affected Childhood obesity has spread to global dimensions and is progressively affecting many low- and middle-income countries, and particularly those that are domiciled in urban settings. In the US alone, one in every five children is obese or overweight; this number is on the rise. Although weight problems can be traced back to the family genealogy, however, this is not all children who come from families that have a known...
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...individuals have found ways of conveying fraudulent schemes as legitimate goods and services. Not only does Internet fraud cause harm to individuals and institutions, but it also damages the consumer confidence of valid Internet businesses and e-commerce. There are many forms of Internet fraud which Internet patrons need to be aware of and cognizant of. This paper will explore major classifications of Internet fraud, provide information on how to deal with Internet fraud, relay actions taken by the government to thwart Internet fraud and prosecution thereof, and also take a detailed look into one type of Internet fraud especially, identity theft. According to the Department of Justice (http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/fraud/text/Internet.htm), Internet fraud is any type of criminal scheme that uses one or more components of the Internet to present fraudulent solicitations to prospective victims, to conduct fraudulent transactions or to transmit the proceeds of fraud to financial institutions. Major types include; online action and retail scams, business opportunities or work-at-home scams, investment schemes, phishing, and identity theft and fraud. Seventy-five percent of fraudulent parties contact their victims via web-sites, while the remaining twenty-five percent contact their victims via e-mail correspondence as reported by the National Consumers League’s National Fraud Information Center/Internet Fraud Watch program, Internet Scam Fraud Trends...
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...INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS WHAT IS ETHICS Ethics is a major branch of philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life. It is significantly broader than the common conception of analyzing right and wrong. A central aspect of ethics is "the good life", the life worth living or life that is simply satisfying, which is held by many philosophers to be more important than moral conduct. Simply put, ethics involves learning what is right or wrong, and then doing the right thing -- but "the right thing" is not nearly as straightforward as conveyed in a great deal of business ethics literature. Most ethical dilemmas in the workplace are not simply a matter of "Should Bob steal from Jack?" or "Should Jack lie to his boss?" (Many ethicists assert there's always a right thing to do based on moral principle, and others believe the right thing to do depends on the situation -- ultimately it's up to the individual.) Many philosophers consider ethics to be the "science of conduct." Philosophers have been discussing ethics for at least 2500 years, since the time of Socrates and Plato. Many ethicists consider emerging ethical beliefs to be "state of the art" legal matters, i.e., what becomes an ethical guideline today is often translated to a law, regulation or rule tomorrow. Values which guide how we ought to behave are considered moral values, e.g., values such as respect, honesty, fairness, responsibility, etc. Statements around how these values are applied are sometimes called moral or ethical...
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...dimension when an uncontrollable well blows out or pipeline ruptures. On water surface, spreading takes place immediately, which is very harmful to various types of aquatic lives as it prevents sufficient amount of sunlight from penetrating and also reduces the land-dissolving capacity in the water. The magnitude of crude oil pollution and damage occasioned by multi-national oil companies operating in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria is incredible (Urhobo Historical Society, 2003). It is noteworthy that the devastating consequences of the crude oil spill in the region with its eventual hazards on both aerial and terrestrial environments is tantamount to an irreversible chain effect on both the biodiversity and human safety. Abbot (2007) in her article entitled “Think Jamaica is Bad? Try Nigeria” notes that the discovery of oil has been an ecological disaster for the Niger Delta where the oil is extracted. Oil and natural resources of a country are often considered to be national assets. Oil penetrates into the structure of the plumage of birds and the fur of mammals, reducing its insulating ability, and making them more vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and much less buoyant in the water. Animals that rely on scent to find their babies or mothers fade away due to the strong scent of the oil. This causes a baby to be rejected and abandoned, leaving the babies to starve and eventually die. Oil can impair a bird's ability to fly, preventing it from foraging or escaping from...
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...Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt llp Doing Business in Canada Doing Business in Canada Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt llp first produced Doing Business in Canada in 1997 and this guide continues to be one of our most popular and respected publications. Laws change and evolve and to ensure the information is current, we review the guide regularly. Doing Business in Canada Doing Business in Canada is designed to give business executives, counsel and potential investors from foreign countries a concise overview of Canada’s legal and economic framework and key business legislation. For those looking to pursue business opportunities in Canada, this guide outlines several unique aspects of doing business in Canada, including French language requirements in the province of Québec as well as overlapping regulatory jurisdiction among various levels of government in certain areas of the law. With few exceptions, the same considerations apply to Canadians who live, work and conduct business in Canada. Despite the ongoing harmonization of many areas of Canadian business law with those of our major trading partners through international agreements, addressing distinctly Canadian business law requirements is a crucial consideration when entering the Canadian marketplace. Each chapter is designed to assist you with an overview of that particular subject and the laws most likely to affect your business decisions. Beginning with an introduction to Canada’s legal system as it applies to businesses...
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...The Socially Responsible Oil Company: An Examination of Corporate Ethics by Peter Fischer A Paper Submitted in Fulfillment of the USD School of Law Writing Requirement Energy Law Professor Burleson Spring, 2009 Table of Contents Introduction 2 Background 3 The Need for CSR at Home and Abroad 7 Case Study Analyses: Four Critical Events in the Oil Industry and their Effect on CSR Case Study #1: The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill 9 Case Study #2: Occidental and the Piper Alpha Disaster 12 Case Study #3: A Two-Part Analysis of Shell in the Mid-1990s a) Shell’s Human Rights Violations in Nigeria 16 b) Shell’s Response—Outsource CSR 21 Case Study #4: BP’s Major Advances in CSR 24 Ethics and the Problem of the Public Relations Quick Fix 27 Analyzing the Current Corporate Culture: Failure to Meet the Triple Bottom Line 32 Conclusion 38 Works Cited…………………………………………………………………...…………41 Introduction Over the past twenty years an irrefutable shift in the oil industry has occurred—the shift to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).[1] The purpose of this paper is to analyze the motivation behind this shift and determine if these CSR practices are genuine. In other words, does the adoption of CSR denote a tangible change in the way oil companies operate, or is it merely an elaborate public relations exercise? To answer...
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...The Patriot act was created due to a world crisis that happened in September 11, 2001 when terrorist invaded the United States of America and hijacked a couple of planes for the purpose to crash them in important places where they would get as many people as possible. One being the Twin towers or also known as the World Trade Center and also the pentagon which was not achieved due that some heroic civilians in the plane that decided to fight for their lives and the lives of others. Four passenger airliners were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists so they could be flown into buildings in suicide attacks. Two of those planes,American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, were crashed into the North and South towers, respectively, of the World Trade Center Complex in New York City. Within two hours, both towers collapsed with debris and the resulting fires causing partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the WTC complex, as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures. A third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, was crashed into the Pentagon leading to a partial collapse in its western side. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, was targeted at Washington, D.C. but crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after its passengers tried to overcome the hijackers. In total, almost 3,000 people died in the attacks, including the 227 civilians and 19 hijackers aboard the four planes. It also was the deadliest incident for...
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...Oil, the staple that provides energy for just about everyone on earth today, is a current hot topic of discussion among politicians, engineers, scientists, environmentalists, and everyday citizens. Oil has been around since ancient times but oils potential was never realized until the nineteenth century. Is oil starting to be overrun by environmentalists? How long will current oil reserves last? Is oil currently the best and most efficient means of energy production? Should we worry about expanding oil production around the world? These questions and many more are dominating the conversations of energy producers and politicians worldwide. The oil we use today is a byproduct of ancient fossilized organic material. Most oil deposits are found where ancient oceans, seas and lake beds existed. As material such as: zooplankton, algae and other organic materials fell to the floor it was trapped under mud and sand. The speed at which the organic material covered the floor did not allow for its proper decomposition before it was covered with layers of sand or mud. Over time, the areas were buried under sedimentary rock, which caused extreme pressures and heat. This heat and pressure exerted as time passed developed the crude oils we see today. The quality and composition of the crude oil varies based upon the hydrocarbon makeup of the petroleum. Petroleum was first used to provide kerosene for lighting in the mid nineteenth century. Demand for the less expensive...
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