...Azerbaijan Republic. Approximately 74% of the state budget derives from the proceeds of oil and petroleum products, and therefore the economy is almost entirely based on the oil industry. All this warns us against a very disastrous problem. If we have abundant oil resources, it does not mean necessarily that we should generally use only them. After all, the rest of industry, agriculture, services, and so on remain on the sidelines. At the same time, there is potentiality for the development of other economic sectors, namely the agriculture, industry and other sectors. The problem is that as a result of Azerbaijan's economy dependence on oil, we did not pay much attention to the comprehensive development of our economy. And this in turn is negative for the economic development: that’s the reason why Azerbaijan is not able to be classified as a more developed country. In addition, it is known that the GDP index is the economic indicator for the development of a country. In the eventuality that a large part of the GDP derives from the exploitation of natural resources, this country can hardly be considered as developed. For example, Saudi Arabia's per capita GDP is almost higher than the U.S.’s, but Saudi Arabia is not included in the list of developed countries. The reason for that is the fact that the overwhelming proportion of its gross revenues comes from oil and its economy is largely one-sided. A similar situation can be seen in Azerbaijan. ...
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...Development of oil Oil has developed over millions of years. According to the biogenetic theory oil was earned through the dead sea-organisms that sank on the seabed and were covered by sediments. Through the sinking sediments these organic materials were put out to high pressure and high temperature. Under these conditions they converted themselves into “Kerogen”. The well-distributed “Kerogen” is moving upwards because it is lighter than water and is edged out by this. With the moving ("migration" of the oil) of the Kerogen it will fuse to more compact masses, which is the oil. The “migration” runs in general upward. If the oil gets under impervious layers of earth (oil traps), an oil bed will result. An oil bed exists of a memory rock, which in his pores located oil and more or less bed water, provided that available - also considers in the pores of the memory rock. Importance of oil In our today’s society many people do not understand the significance of oil and natural gas. The only thing people associate with oil is petrol and diesel that we use as source of energy in order to move cars. However, the value of oil to our world goes far beyond our personal transportation choices as many of the everyday items we use are either made from oil or are dependent upon oil for their production. Let’s take a closer look on the everyday products, which are used; the exotic fruits such as bananas or vegetables that is available in almost every supermarket or highly dependent on oil. Oil...
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...The Future is Now My first assignment as a senior analyst at Tesla Motors is to evaluate the changing relationship between our environment and the energy we use ever since the company was established. Since the largest automobile company in the world was founded on the principle of decreasing the environmental impact of the automobile, I find that such an assignment must be taken seriously and with careful consideration. While searching for some ideas, I stumbled upon in my bookshelf a book entitled Taking Sides, written by Thomas Easton. This book, which was the 2009 edition, was right around the time Tesla began its prominent ascent. It touches on three key points which I feel to be most prudent even to this day – global warming, new electricity sources such as wind, and automobile standards. It is amazing that just 20 years ago there was still a virulent debate on the existence of global warming. Even after all the scientists agreed on the detrimental effects of fossil fuel consumption, some politicians and many others in the United States were still arguing otherwise. In Issue 8, Seth Schulman argued that this was due to the oil industry’s brilliant “disinformation campaign.” Modeled after the tobacco industry’s strategy to fool the public on the harmful effects of smoking, ExxonMobil employed tactics such as creating uncertainty, laundering information, hiring fake scientists to back their efforts, shifting the focus of the debate, and lobbying government officials to...
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...Production is what drives the economy, and the world would not have a global economy, which is driven by energy. Efficient energy management allows for a more efficient and productive economy. A proficient energy policy is very important because energy fuels the economy and keeps the world going. Energy can be referred to as many thing and can come in many forms, such as electricity, fossil fuels wind power and hydro-energy. Electrical energy is a main source for keeping the world going short and simple. Lights and plus heating & cooling would not even be an option without any sort of electricity. Transporting many modern good would not even be available without fuel that is produced from fossil fuels. During the 1800s steam energy was the key source for emblazing the way for the manufacturing boom. Steamboats and locomotives would not have been capable of going anywhere as fast as they were without steam fueling their engines thanks to the boiler system. Even though both of these sources are still available today the energy that they use is current provided by updated modern fossil fuels, coal in particular. Adding to that many companies transport their goods by the use of semi-trucks across interstate boundaries and they would not be able to go anywhere without gasoline, a product also produced by another fossil fuel, or diesel. However the conservation of these sources are very important, making current and future energy policies important. Several of these nonrenewable...
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...Organic Virgin Coconut Oil - A Healthy Oil The Coconut Oil Story Virgin Coconut Oil: An introduction For about 3960 years of the of the past 4000 years of the documented historical use of the fruits of the coconut palm as a food and a pharmaceutical, the news has all been good. It was seen as a sustainable resource from which the harvested materials influenced every aspect of the lives of tropical communities, but most importantly its fruit, the coconut flesh, water, milk and oil. The use of coconut oil around the world in tropical regions is prolific: South and Central America, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Micro-, Mele- and Poly-nesia and most of Asia. The uses are so respected that they were documented by Ayurvedic medicine in Sanskrit from 1500BC in all areas relating to the mind, body and spirit. Early European explorers including Captain Cook wrote affectionately about the beauty of communities across the Pacific using coconut oil as an integral part of their daily lives. During WWII the water of the young green coconut was successfully used as a substitute for a saline drip saving the lives of many allied soldiers. After the war, in England coconut oil was sold as "margarine" and in the USA as "coconut butter". However, this all changed in 1954. In the social environment of the USA in which coronary heart disease (CHD) was becoming the primary cause of mortality in the adult population, the young researcher David Kritchevsky published two academic papers. The initial...
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...Africa, are relative poor, where capitalism has not yet developed into a healthy form. In Middle East, Israel belongs to welldeveloped camp but the rest goes to under-developed category. In this essay I will discuss the history, the present and the future trend of politic and economic relationship between developed and under-developed countries. My purpose is to develop an intellectual framework, through which one could acquire a comprehensive understanding on basic characteristics of various human societies and their interaction in today’s world: where they were from; where they are now; and where they are likely heading to in future. I will illustrate that there are three different systems in under developed world: the under-developed capitalism, the totalitarian capitalism and the military imperialism of developed countries in Middle East. Developed countries, in dealing with under developed world, are in a very much favored position. They are with full strategic initiatives in the on-going global politic and economic game. The most serious threat to capitalist civilization remains to be the haunting ghost of Malthus, that is, the constraint of nature resources imposed on human activities and its ultimately disastrous consequence. Modern technology has based material productivity of human societies on consumptions of certain natural resources irreproducible on earth....
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...Energy Energy is readily available everywhere and comes in various forms. Our universe was created when an infinitely large ball of energy suddenly collapsed and appeared as a small single speck that still contained vast amounts of energy and very low volume. Energy is a property of matter that allows life to occur. Energy sources can be transferred. Stated more eloquently in the First Law of Thermodynamics, “Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can change form.” Capturing different forms of universal energy and transferring them for purposeful use is essential for the progress of modern life. Transferring energy sources in methods of energy production is at the root of every developed nation and its renewability is central to economic development. How can we capture and redirect different forms of energy for more practical use? There are numerous ways to do this; many of which are commonplace around the world today. Acquiring certain forms of energy for use may require mining, drilling, combustion technology, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and other technologies. In the following paragraphs we will explore the vast world of energy by looking at the disadvantages to nonrenewable energy and taking an in-depth look at renewable energy sources and exploring the challenges associated with employing these types of sources in an effort to create energy sustainability in our world. We will also seek to discover which sources are best in order to enhance social...
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...ESSAY The course ‘Person in context of changes’ positively affected my outlook on the world. I did not use to ask myself philosophical questions because I am not much of a thinker. But I found that it is quite interesting and absorbing to rack my brain over freedom, trying to figure out whether it has positive or negative meaning. The most interesting thoughts were actually delivered by Jared Diamond, who is a modern scientist and who is looking solutions to eternal problems like collapses of civilizations from the angle of history and science. I became acquainted with his findings after reading about agricultural revolution. The humanity always tries to find these milestones in its history when it has chosen a certain direction. It I like a crossroads. Such a milestone is believed to be the year 1917 for Russia, when it has chosen the Communist path. In Diamond’s book I learnt about another milestone in the history of the whole planet. He actually doubted the widely accepted idea that life of humans improved greatly after it started developing agriculture. We were taught that after people started to crop plants they got more time for arts because there was now more time left to devote to hobbies. Diamond made counterarguments to these statements which amazed me. I found that my understanding of the world and history is very doubtful. Moreover, Diamond poses that people with its developed agriculture are more dependent on food than those who collected plants...
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...the uncertainty over future global sources of energy supply With the worlds primary energy needs set to grow by 55% by 2030, and electricity consumption expected to double over the next few decades, managing future need is a global challenge, perhaps one of the most significant of our time. The international energy authority or the IEA estimates that $22 trillion of new investment will be needed by 2030. At the same time, there is the global challenge of climate change and the need to develop cleaner sources of energy in order to improve, or at the very least not worsen, the health of out environment. As oil and gas supplies become scarcer an more expensive, the hunt for new reserves is creating political alliances and the danger of fresh conflicts. China is moving aggressively to find sources of energy imports, potentially setting up a confrontation with the USA over the dwindling resources of the Middle East and Africa. As fossil fuel prices rise, the option of exploiting resources previously considered uneconomic becomes more attractive. It is now possible to pull carbon out of the ground in forms that were once too expensive or too technically difficult to compete with cheap oil and gas. Governments around the world have re-examine their energy supplies, looking particularly at possible indigenous sources of 'unconventional oil'. Canada's oil-sands seem to offer a vast energy resource, but it can only be exploited at considerable cost to the environment. This...
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... Dawkins coined the term ‘selfish gene’ to emphasize the single, focused object of a gene’s existence. What he means is that the sole purpose of a gene is to make copies of itself using the Darwinian selection process; very selfishly ignoring the consequences this pursuit may have on other living entities. Self-interest is a requirement for survival. This does not mean, of course, that animals and humans cannot be altruistic sometimes, in certain activities.2 It does mean that no living entity can survive for long if it is only purely altruistic. On the other hand, survival is not necessarily jeopardized when an organism is purely self-interested. Altruism, in the absence of self-interest, is not evolutionarily stable in the biological world; it leads to extinction. It is for this reason that all extant life forms must be selfish. Humans, like all creatures, are self-interested; not because it is good to be selfish but because we would not be here if we were not.3 SURVIVAL Self-interest is a powerful motivation because the basic concern for biological survival is the insufficiency of the resources that are required to maintain life. Organisms cannot survive when they cannot get enough air, water or food, or do not have adequate information and/or competence to discover and utilize the resources that are available in their environment....
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...MWh) is much higher than that of the world’s average of 22 MWh. In order for the UK to provide enough energy we use many different sources, some being used more that others. Figure 1 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 2 Figure 1 shows that the UK’s main energy provider is Gas, which equates to 34.6% of the UK’s consumption. Oil is used at almost the exact same amount, standing at 33.6%. This means that the main 2 energy providers to the UK makeup more that 65% of the total consumption. Coal is next most consumed at 19.2%. If we’re classing that nuclear energy is a renewable source still just 12.7% of the UK’s energy use was renewable, which is shockingly low to say the importance of the need for clean, sustainable energy. The world is already on a path to reduce use of fossil fuels and start using cleaner renewable energies. Trade blocs are also combatting for sustainable energy, for example the European Union have set up the Emissions Trade scheme, which puts a price on carbon, which it hopes will influence companies to use less carbon aggressive sources, becoming more efficient. From being 12.7% renewable in 2012 the government hopes that 20% of our energy will be renewable by 2020. Figure 2 shows that by 2050 wind energy is predicted to increase rapidly, being a renewable enrgy this is obviously good, however unforntuantly some people complain that the turbines are an unpleasnt sight and are too noisy. Figure 2 also shows an increase in the use of geothermal energy almost...
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...important to world energy markets because it has significant oil and natural gas reserves. The country has 3% percent of the world’s raw materials and a natural resource base of over $300,000 per capita, which is among the highest in the world. Oil plays a big role in Kazakhstan. With nearly 40 billion barrels in reserves and 2% of global production, the country has the world’s ninth largest proven reserves and is among the 20 largest oil producers. It has 4% of the global iron reserves, 8% percent of the world’s zinc reserves and 4% of the world’s chrome reserves. Kazakhstan's strategic aspiration is to become a modern, diversified economy with a high value added and high-tech component, well integrated in to the global economy. Energy sector is viewed as a good basis to achieve this goal! Oil and gas is the leading economic sector. Oil and gas area occupy the territory about 1,7 million sq. km (approximately 62 % of territory of Kazakhstan). There are 172 oil fields and 7 main gas fields. In Kazakhstan the proved reserves is near 2,8 billion tons of oil and 1,8 bln. cubic meters of gas. Kazakhstan is estimated to have around 30 billion barrels of crude oil reserves, which place it eleventh in the world. Example: in 2006, Kazakhstan produced 54 million tons of crude oil and 10.5 million tons of gas condensate, which makes Kazakhstan eighteenth-largest oil producer in the world. In 2011, oil exports amounted to 69.61 million tones through the main oil pipelines. In...
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...Newer Sources of Fossil Oil in North America (Favoring Production of Oil Sands and Opposing the Production of Tar Sands) Discovery about Tar/ Oil Sands Tar/ Oil sands are very important for determining the energy requirements of any country. Today we highly depend on the energy resources and could not succeed without considerable energy resources available to us to meet our daily production needs. Fossil fuels which are based on coal, natural gas, renewable, nuclear and oil are the main sources of energy in this highly competitive world depending on these energy sources. The major part of the world’s energy needs is met by using fossil fuels which are proved to be the abundant sources of energy necessary for the development of modern world. Tar/ oil sands represent 60% of the world’s accessible oil and different oil producing countries such as Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and Canada. Total oil reserves account for 174 billion barrels but technology evolvement can increase these reserves at larger level up to an estimation of 315 billion barrels. Figure: Cashing in on Tar Sands In favoring new discovery of oil sands, they are much important for the economic growth of any country to give them competitive edge over others with extra energy resources. According to Canadian engineer Joseph Hill, with an access of new technologies and natural resources in environment friendly manner, additional resources of oil sands can be handy for the economic growth. She investigated that refining...
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...You can’t go anywhere in this modern world without being affected by the oil industry. We depend on the oil industry to maintain or comfortable way of living. The oil business is all about finding, extracting, transporting, marketing and refining petroleum products. The main petroleum based product is gasoline. We use gasoline everyday in our vehicles. We count on gasoline to get us to our important destinations, because most of these destinations would be time-consuming and exhausting to reach on foot alone. Petroleum is pretty much vital in many of today’s industries. 40% of America’s energy consumption is oil and 30 billion barrels of oil are used every single year. In 2005, the United States of America consumed 21,930,000 barrels of oil in a single day. The production, distribution, refinement and retailing of petroleum make the petroleum industry the largest profit making industry in the world. In America we pay a gasoline tax for the gasoline we buy. This gasoline tax is collected by the Federal Highway Trust fund and is used to pay for road maintenance and other transportation projects or needs here in our country. Therefore, gasoline tax can be described as a “user’s fee”. You drive on the roads, which increases wear and tear on the roads, so you pay the tax on your gasoline in order to maintain the roads. There has been a tax on gasoline since 1919. The initial tax rate was only 1 cent on the gallon, but today, more then 50 years later, we pay around 18-19...
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...the key issues of our time, due to the important part it plays in our nation’s ambitions for a clean and sustainable energy future. Due to recent technological advances in horizontal drilling techniques, the vast natural gas reserves found within the shale formations underground in the United States have become easily accessible. Responsible development of these resources is believed to be key to a sustainable financial, and environmentally prosperous future for America. However, recent environmental and health concerns beg to differ, and question whether these new developments pose more of a threat to americans than they are worth. Nature sustains life on our planet. Humans have developed an organization of society that runs on machines. What does it take to run the machines that power our world? Our society also runs on money. So anything that plays into the running of our society must must invariably be tied to how it profits the people in charge of running things. How does it benefit us as a whole? This question is larger than the debate which this paper addresses, yet it is valid in that it is an overarching theme that drives the situation behind the issues within. A big part of what our economy has deemed is important in order to sustain the current level of comfort that we have been sold is largely based on non-renewable energy sources such as oil, coal, and gas. It is a very competitive world. Our level of comfort is key to maintaining an edge over our competitors on the...
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