...The Doha Round of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has sparked controversy, anger and even suicide from its commencement. This paper seeks to explore what is this Doha Round that has ignited such passionate displays from delegates and the common man alike, what are the issues at stake given the Round’s success or failure and finally, given the events that have marred its history to date and based on the many other factors in play, could the Doha Round come to a successful conclusion? The WTO conducts negotiations through what they call ‘rounds’. The November 2001 declaration of the Fourth Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar, known as the Doha Development Round, provides the mandate for negotiations on a range of subjects. Its objective is to lower trade barriers around the world, permitting free trade among countries of varying prosperity. The negotiations of the Doha Round take place in the Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC) and its subsidiaries. Other work under the work programme, such as issues concerning the implementation of the present agreements, takes place in other WTO councils and committees. The Doha Round was to begin at the WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 in Seattle, and was supposed to be called ‘the Seattle Round’, however, some developing countries refused to launch the second round by blocking the “explicit consensus” needed at the final Heads of Delegation. It was later decided via explicit consensus at a meeting in Doha, Qatar, that all countries...
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...The Doha Round The Doha Round, which is after the Uruguay Round, began in 2001 in Doha, Qatar. The aim for this current round is to enable developing countries to trade fairer. As a result, the Doha round seeks to build on the Uruguay Round’s progress by lowering trade barriers found at national borders and domestic practices, to promote free trade between countries of different prosperity. Agriculture is the centre of focus in this current round.1 With average agricultural tariffs allowed at 62 percent, trade in this sector has been vastly distorted.2 Therefore, the agricultural goals of Doha seek to tackle trade barriers afflicting the agricultural trade through lowering export subsidies, opening market and eliminating trade distorting domestic policies.3 The Doha Round also emphasized on encouraging countries to expand trade, so that they can promote economic growth and reduce poverty through the benefits of trade. As such, market access and trade liberalization remained key objectives of this round where developed nations bargain for access into developing nations’ markets in exchange for a reduction in their own subsidization in agricultural products.4 Currently, talks in the Doha Round are stalled over disagreements on major issues regarding agriculture, non-agriculture market access (NAMA), industrial tariffs, non-trade barriers (NTB) and services. The most significant being the persistent difference in interests between developed and developing nations, led by...
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...DOHA ROUNDInternational Economic Analysis | SEMESTER 2, 2012 – CASE STUDY | | | I Executive Summary This report briefly assesses the World Trade Organisation (WTO), and in particular, the Doha Round, which has been the longest running trade liberalization round in the history of the GATT/WTO era. Launching in November, 2001 in the wake on the September 11 Terrorist attacks on the USA, it had the explicit aim to conclude a broad deal to facilitate development through trade and thereby better integrate the more disadvantaged into the global economy. The conclusion of the Doha Round however has been much harder to conclude than any other trade round in the history of the WTO for many reasons that will be highlighted below. Table of Contents I Executive Summary 1 II Introduction 3 III The World Trade Organisation 3 IV Other Rounds of the World Trade Organisation 3 V The Doha Round 4 Negotiations: geographical indications —multilateral register for wines and spirits 4 TRIPS, biological diversity and traditional knowledge (Doha paragraph 19) 4 Geographical indications — ‘extension’ 4 VI Problems With Concluding the Doha Round 4 The Single Undertaking Method: 5 Changed Geopolitical Situations: 5 Trade Liberalisation and Non-agricultural Market access (NAMA): 5 Agriculture: 5 VII Conclusion 6 VIII References 6 II Introduction The effort to launch a new round of multilateral trade negotiations in the late 1990s was turbulent...
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...The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.The WTO is an organization for trade opening. It is a forum for governments to negotiate trade agreements. It is a place for them to settle trade disputes. It operates a system of trade rules. Essentially, the WTO is a place where member governments try to sort out the trade problems they face with each other. The system’s overriding purpose is to help trade flow as freely as possible — so long as there are no undesirable side effects — because this is important for economic development and well-being. That partly means removing obstacles. It also means ensuring that individuals, companies and governments know what the trade rules are around the world, and giving them the confidence that there will be no sudden changes of policy. In other words, the rules have to be ‘transparent’ and predictable. The WTO is run by its member governments. All major decisions are made by the membership as a whole, either by ministers (who usually meet at least once every two years) or by their ambassadors or delegates (who meet regularly in Geneva).Trade negotiations- The WTO agreements cover goods, services and intellectual property...
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...become a major player in multilateral trade negotiations. • Brazil’ s success in World Trade Organization (WTO) disputes concerning developed country agricultural subsidies, use of WTO compulsory licensing provisions to break patents, and diplomatic negotiations with Iran had generated tensions with the United States and the European Union. • A Leading role in WTO negotiation: Brazil stood out as a leading voice of emerging markets, led the creation of the WTO G-21, a block of developing countries that negotiated collectively at WTO meetings. Whereas the United States and the European Union were at the forefront of tariff negotiations in the past, the shift in trade topics put Brazil and other middle-income countries at the center of the Doha round. • Public health: Brazil’ s government purchased drugs to treat infected patients and coordinated health information campaigns with civil society groups, which provided a model to developing countries. • Brazil has great potentsial • Brazil had become an agricultural powerhouse, ranked as the world leader in the • production of six crops, (2) Was Brazil or the U.S. correct in the Merck dispute? Please explain and defend your position. It is hard to say which party is correct in the...
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...Analysis……………………………..page 20-21. * Future Prospects……………….....................page 21-22. * Conclusion………………………………….page 23. * References………………………………….page 24. I. Exchange Overview: In mid 1990s, stocks were traded through some unlicensed and unspecialized offices acting as intermediaries. This resulted in lack of transparency, and unfairness of stock pricing. The pressing need for a regulated and organized stock market that guarantee the protection of investors' interests by adopting modern mechanism for settling stocks' prices according to demand and supply led to the issue of the Emiri Decree No. 14 of 1995, founding the Doha Securities Market (DSM). Two years after the Emiri Decree Issuance, Doha Securities Market commenced its operations in May 26, 1997 with 17 companies and approximately 6 billion QR in market capitalization. Today, the Doha Securities Market (DSM) is known as Qatar Stock Exchange with 43 listed companies with market capitalization around USD 175.328 billion ( QAR 638.194 billion). Qatar Stock Exchange is a member of World Federation of Exchanges and was upgraded to emerging markets status in June 2014. II. Regulator: The Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) is the financial and business centre established by the Government of Qatar in 2005 to...
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...The Qatar Projects Conference 2014 featured two trajectories; one which covered Qatar’s infrastructure & transport sector and another that focused on Qatar’s energy & utilities sector. First held in Doha in 2003, the Qatar Projects Conference is established as the premier annual conference focusing on development solutions to Qatar’s $200bn megaproject challenge. Eleven years later, the conference attracted more than 400 senior representatives from major local and international companies, government officials from Qatar and stakeholders from the across the GCC and the wider world. The conference discussed the most pressing issues in Qatar’s projects markets today including inflation, labour and material shortage, new procurement requirements and the solutions to overcome these challenges. Key industry trends were mapped and technologies that are improving infrastructure performance, increasing ROI, and setting new standards for infrastructure delivery and deliverables were highlighted by various speakers. The best practices in infrastructure design, delivery, and operations from peer organisations were also shared during the Qatar Projects Conference. The conference provided ample opportunity to network and interact with clients, operators, developers, contractors and industry thought leaders. The conference helped gain insight through presentations from clients who are procuring projects and helped businesses to learn how to prepare for, and take advantage of the key...
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...| | |FINIS | |Business Plan | | | Table of Content Executive summary 4 BUSINESS DESCRIPTION 5 Background 5 • Type of business 5 • Mission/vision statement 6 • Goals 7 • Business philosophy 7 Core Activities of Proposed Business 8 Service description 9 • Competitive advantages 9 . Marketing plan 10 • Market research 10 • Legal factors 11 • Economic situation 11 • Social cultural factors 11 • Product 12 • Customers 12 • Competition 13 • Niche 16 • Marketing strategy 16 Promotion 16 Pricing 18 proposed location 19 . Description Channels 19 sales forecast 19 supply chain 20 Decorationl 20 sales projection 20 Operational Plan 21 production 21 quality control 21 customer service 21 location 22 legal requirements 22 personnel 23 The pay structure 24 suppliers 24 . credit policies 24 Management Organization 24 Finanicail Plan 25 Break even analysis 32 Conclusion 33 Appendices 34 ...
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...ginger drink to customers availing the spa services. It uses the latest and the best beauty machines for hair coloring, deep conditioning hair treatment restoring healthy hair, facial and body sculpting. It offers organic alternatives for spa treatments. It has free Wi-Fi access, work by appointments although walk-in clients are welcome but do not guarantee an appointment and may also have to wait. Children not availing any services are welcome however for safety reason we do not encourage bringing kids in the salon but will try to keep them entertained. Boys 12 years and above are not allowed to enter the salon. It accepts cash and card payments. And, offer FREE transport for clients availing a minimum of 200 Qatar Riyals and within Doha...
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...the past 18 years. Primarily an airline company with the aim of providing route convenience travel means of travelling through Doha, now a commercial entity to Qatar and vice versa. Currently the youngest and fastest growing airline at international level Qatar Airways is catching up and sweeping off previous market leaders. However, Doha’s less prolific airport overshadows the airlines extravagant. Qatar Airways didn’t have to work as hard as some of the prolific names in the aviation business to get to where they are today as, twice, external influences came to its favour. The 09/11 incident that plagued western airline companies and the economic recession that affected most of the world’s economy besides Qatar’s were among the many driving force behind their success. Having a mother company which is amongst the wealthiest governments in the world justifies the cutting edge and aggressiveness they have over major competitors when it involves introducing new products. Despite already claiming world’s leading airline award (SKYTRAX), Qatar Airways still aim to take their next expansion to a whole new level. (Qatar Census 2011) The emergence of Qatar Airways started in 1993 when a group of investors and corporate interests in Qatar came together to form an airline company with the objective to provide direct flights between the nation’s capital of Doha and other regional centres(Ingram , ORIGINS 2007, 2). The airline company launched its operations in 1994 with an unusual route...
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...Moses Oluseun Oyewole Current City/Country: Doha, Qatar E-Mail: s.oyewole@yahoo.com Mobile: +97455913093 . OBJECTIVE Working in an environment where my 5 years of experience as a General Supervisor can improve efficiency, methods of production, support, growth and the development of that organization through genuine hard work. .EDUCATION -Lagos State Polytechnics, Lagos Nigeria (HND in Marketing & Management). -Moshood Abiola Polytechnics, Abeokuta Nigeria (OND in Business Studies). -Premier Grammar School, Abeokuta Nigeria (West Africa School Certificate). _____________________________________ .TECHNICAL SKILLS___ * Perfect knowledge of Microsoft Office Suite. * Perfect knowledge of Microsoft Excel. * Perfect knowledge of Microsoft PowerPoint. * Internet Explorer * Salesmanship * Strategic Planning and Leadership. * WORK EXPERIENCE GULF WAREHOUSING COMPANY, DOHA QATAR (2010 – date) Position Held: Camp Boss (Of 1000 Employees) Responsibilities: 1. Maintain a complete and updated list of all occupants in camp. 2. Making detailed list of room allocation and bed spaces. 3. Arranging bed spaces for new employees. 4...
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...A damning Amnesty report has raised fresh fears about the exploitation of the migrant workers building the infrastructure for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar, amid a rising toll of death, disease and misery. The report claims that some migrant workers are victims of forced labour, a modern form of slavery, and treated appallingly by subcontractors employed by leading construction companies in a sector rife with abuse. The report, based on two recent investigations in Qatar and scores of interviews, found workers living in squalid, overcrowded accommodation exposed to sewage and sometimes without running water. It found that many workers, faced with mounting debts and unable to return home, have suffered "severe psychological distress", with some driven to the brink of suicide. Discrimination is common, according to the report, which says that one manager referred to workers as "the animals". Qatar's labour laws stipulate a maximum working day of 10 hours and say no one should work between 11.30am and 3pm during the summer months. Last month Fifa was forced to address the issue of workers' rights after a Guardian investigation showed that dozens of Nepalese workers had died in recent months, prompting warnings from trade union organisations that 4,000 could be killed before the start of the football tournament. In November 2011, the Fifa general secretary, Jérôme Valcke, met Qatari officials to address the issue of workers' rights and the Qatari authorities promised to take the...
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...1 Introduction In nowadays, a lot of people like sports games, and the sports news also become important news to people. In modern society, a lot of people read sports news every day. It is useful for us to discuss some lexical features of English sports news. 2 The lexical characteristics of English Sports News 2.1 Using brief and expressive vocabulary One of the distinguishing features of English sports news is using brief and expressive vocabulary (powerful word). Contrary to the long, complex words, the sports news prefers to use short, specific vocabulary. Especially, the headlines of the news are much more prefer the brief and the expressive vocabulary. Following is a sports news from Xinhua English website: . Here, we see a China Daily from the English website: Chinas Gao wins women's pole vault title(Xinhua)Updated：2006-12-13 09:01 Chinese Gao Shuying excelled to bag the women's pole vault crown at the Asian Games athletics finals here on Tuesday．The Asian record holder，27，beat the first two heights of 3.80 and 4.00 meters and then cleared 4.30 meters on her first attempt of the height for the title，while the eventual silver medalist Samsu Roslinda of Malaysia followed to failthe 4.40 height．Japan’s Ikuko Nishikori and Chinese ZhaoYingying shared the bronze medal in 4.15 meters． We could calculate that there are totally 104 words and most of them are very short and have specific meaning. Using this vocabulary helps to quickly access and understand information...
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...Omar L.Maki Al-azzawi Telephone: Home: (+974) - 44439301 E-mail: OM082316@qu.edu.qa PERSONAL INFORMATION: Date of birth: 23/7/1990 Nationality: Iraqi Major: Civil Engineering Languages: Fluent in Arabic and English Gender: Male Qatari Visa Type: Family Visit, Valid until: February 2014 Valid Driving License Mobile: (+974) - 66862373 || 77124567 VISUALIZATION: To find a firm that gets the advantage of my capabilities and skills and aids me in developing my engineering skills and acquiring the deep knowledge that assists me in achieving my career goals. WORK EXPERIENCE: September 2012 – Present: Research Assistant – Undergraduate Research Experience Program This research is investigating the effect of adding aluminum waste from Qatalum into concrete on mechanical and chemical properties. June 2012 – Aug 2012: Trainee at Arab Engineering Bureau (AEB) Worked as inspector for the construction of 3 towers + Luxury villa + Beach Villa, all in Pearl Qatar Trainee at Vodafone Qatar Worked as inspector for civil site assessments and audits, Health and Safety Department June 2011 – Aug 2011: September 2010- June 2011: Research Assistant – Undergraduate Research Experience Program This research studied the chemical, environmental and economic requirements of establishing a new paper recycling plant in Qatar. The project succeeded and the plant has been established successfully. EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS Civil Engineering Bachelor Degree, January 2013 - Qatar University. GPA:...
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...balance between the acknowledged need to protect large investments expended in developing new medicines and the goal of providing essential medicines to poor countries. Patent protection must prevent undue infringement yet at the same time allow solutions to humanitarian needs. Is compulsory licensing a way out? TRIPS originally restricted compulsory manufacturing licenses to the country experiencing a public health emergency – which was of little utility to countries lacking manufacturing capacity. The Doha agreement effectively permits twinned compulsory licensing – a distribution and use license in countries experiencing a public health emergency and a manufacturing-for-export license in countries possessing appropriate manufacturing capacity. These changes make possible, at least in principle, a greater source of supply of generic pharmaceuticals for use in those least developed countries confronting the AIDS crisis. It is still early to evaluate the results from the Doha agreement, but it appears that the agreed measures may entice ordinary market forces to start making contributions to an improving situation. Lidgard is professor of law at Lund University, Sweden, and Atik is professor of law at Loyola Law School,...
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