...for this attack were not Al-Qaida terrorist trained in Yemen, but instead were two refugees who had legally emigrated here from border area of Russia and Chechnya. They were attending college and were seemingly assimilating into American life. Neither of the two men had ties to any terrorist group, but instead became self-radicalized through jihadist websites and learned how to construct improvised explosive devices on the internet; this has become a disturbing trend in domestic terrorism. Extremist’s websites have allowed Americans to become domestic terrorists, without any terrorism affiliation or training, through self-radicalization; teaching them how to construct weapons of mass destruction; and how to plan and conduct terrorist attacks. The persuasive techniques employed by extremist’s websites have been effective tools in the radicalization of Americans; the effects of these websites has been an increase of domestic terrorism plots and increase in the funding for terrorism. In the last six year ten domestic terror plots have been foiled and two have been successfully carried out. The would-be terrorists in all but one of these cases had become radicalized through viewing extremist’s websites and media reports about the wars...
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...Midterm What are the similarities between the Boston Bombers and DC Snipers (if any). The Boston Bombers and the DC Snipers have very few similarities between them. These few similarities include what type of terrorists they were, how they picked their victims, and how they both felt deprived which is what lead them to terrorism. While these similarities are not exactly the same, one could argue that they are close enough to group these two terrorist attacks in the same category of terrorism. The Domestic Terrorism and Homegrown Violent Extremism Lexicon defines domestic terrorism as “Any act of violence that is dangerous to human life or potentially destructive of critical infrastructure or key resources committed by a group or individual...
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...Qiyana Wallace Ms. Garrett Composition II Sec. 35 March 13, 2013 Domestic Terrorism in 9/11 Attacks For my research paper this semester, I would like to narrow my topic to domestic terrorism involvement in the series of attack that occurred on 9/11. There are many academic journals, live interviews, newspaper articles, books, and numerous websites that can help me do my paper. Even though this may be tedious, I am very interested in government affairs and domestic tragedies. I have always felt a close tie to the 9/11 attacks. I was a resident of New York, New York in 2001. During the attack of the Twin Towers in Manhattan, I witnessed the whole thing as I went to work with my mom at the JP Morgan Chase Headquarters. Even though I was only six at the time, I understood the significance of the attack. So from a young age I have been interested on the topic. A few years ago, while watching a 9/11 documentary, several times they had mentioned domestic terrorists’ role in the events that occurred that day. Now that I have the chance to do a thorough research on the topic, I would like to. While researching, I hope to find a stand in the argument. In reading numerous amount of credible sources I think I would find how big domestic terrorism really is in America. I believe I will strengthen my knowledge in the government and its policies. In researching the 9/11 attacks, I think many sources will show how propaganda may have played a factor. Lastly, I think I will see whether...
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...Kristy Evans Explaining the significance of September 11 , 2001 events CRJU 2110 Assignment #1 Explaining the significance of September 11 , 2001 events CRJU 2110 Assignment #1 Introduction: When I hearing or thinking about September 11, 2001, I get a flash back of me sitting in my sixth grade classroom watching the Arab bombing the United States Twin Towers, at that time I really did not understand what was going on. Until our teacher was explaining it to us and she pulled up a video and showed us. I felt sad and horrified for all the people who were losing their lies. I had never heard of terrorists before so I was also really nervous. I was terrified at the thought that there were people out there who despised our country so much that they wanted to kill us. So in my paper I will be talking about the short term and the long term effects that it had on us. Topic I: Short Term Effects A. Military Operations (Iraq War) B. Domestic Response: Hate Crimes against Muslims C. American Reactions (created groups to help those injured) Topic II: Long Term Effects A. Economy Decline (Stocks and unemployment rate ) B. Health Effects (toxins spread to residential areas in NYC) C. Government Policies (More security, airport security, anti-terrorism acts) I. Short Term Effect A. Military Operations In the meantime dealing the attack on 9/ 11 our government has been financing war related tasks in Iraq and with the Global War on Terror...
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... but out of the very mainstream of society.” Essentially, this means that society itself, especially the media creates these rifts between groups because it decides which groups are to be labeled as either in-groups or out-groups. Due to these distinctions, things like fear, hatred and resentment are built inside the consciousness distinct groups of people, producing a rising sentiment of “us” versus “them.” Hate crimes have always been a part and parcel of U.S. history, and the number of organized hate groups has increased in recent years, “as a result of the ease with which [group] messages are spread through Internet websites” (Conklin 59). What attracts people to these ideas of prejudice is what Gordon Allport calls “functional significance” in his The Nature of Prejudice. Prejudice helps the individual to function by helping him/her “feel secure, [get] a source of self-esteem, or explain social or economic problems (i.e., scapegoating)” (Jacobs). In part, hate crimes are a product of the individual desire to feel superior to the other, and this has led to the plight of African-Americans and Jews in the past to Muslims and Arab-Americans now in...
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...Approved:_________________________________________ Supervising Faculty__________________________________ Peer Review/Technical Advisor________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page APROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………………………...i ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………ii TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES………………………………………………….….iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY………………………………….….6 Context of the Problem……………………………………………………………6 Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………….7 Main Research Question and Sub-questions………………………………………7 Significance of the Study…………………...…………………………….……….8 Research Design and Methodology………...……………………………...….......9 Organization of the Study………………...…………………………….………..10 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………………………..11 CHAPTER 3: SOUTH CAROLINA...….…………………………………..…………...16 Overview……………………………………………………………..………..…16 Military Installations…...………………………………………………………...22 Ports……………………………………………...………………………………27 SC...
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...American Military University Miltary Strenght at our Borders A Research Paper Submitted to by Manassas, West Virginia Date Submitted 28 June, 2012 Military Strength at our Borders As todays military currently winds down from actions in Iraq, Afghanistan and other lands where the current war on terror is being fought they face a downsizing that will return thousands home looking for new employment options. Every one of these individuals whether enlisted or part of the officer ranks have sworn to protect the Constitution of the United States from all enemies, foreign and domestic. If not taking the fight to the terrorist in their own lands, what better place to protect the Constitution, freedom and security of the people of these United States than along the land borders, ports and coastline. The utilization of increased military support for the protection and securing of the U.S. borders can increase security, eliminate or delay military cutbacks, and provide a much need stabilization force in support of Department of Homeland Security Operations. As the United States continues the assiduous task of creating a secure border while maintaining legal cross border-flows a simple concept of numbers must be considered. With approximately 7,000 miles of land border and 2,000 miles of coastal borders an appraisal of current and required manpower and logistic must be applied (Mason. 2010 / pg1). Based on the Congressional Research...
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...3 COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES In chapte r 2, we described the growth of a new kind of terrorism, and a new terrorist organization—especially from 1988 to 1998, when Usama Bin Ladin declared war and organized the bombing of two U.S. embassies. In this chapter, we trace the parallel evolution of government efforts to counter terrorism by Islamic extremists against the United States. We mention many personalities in this report. As in any study of the U.S. government, some of the most important characters are institutions. We will introduce various agencies, and how they adapted to a new kind of terrorism. 3.1 FROM THE OLD TERRORISM TO THE NEW: THE FIRST WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMBING At 18 minutes after noon on February 26, 1993, a huge bomb went off beneath the two towers of the World Trade Center.This was not a suicide attack.The terrorists parked a truck bomb with a timing device on Level B-2 of the underground garage, then departed.The ensuing explosion opened a hole seven stories up. Six people died. More than a thousand were injured. An FBI agent at the scene described the relatively low number of fatalities as a miracle.1 President Bill Clinton ordered his National Security Council to coordinate the response. Government agencies swung into action to find the culprits.The Counterterrorist Center located at the CIA combed its files and queried sources around the world. The National Security Agency (NSA), the huge Defense Department signals collection agency, ramped up its communications...
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...Terrorism: Does It Justify the Use of Torture Eric M. Skogen SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics & Social Responsibility Prof. Linda Atkinson January 23, 2012 Terrorism: Does It Justify the Use of Torture Torture is used by governments throughout the world to include the United States as way to extract information from a person or persons. By inflicting severe pain the torturer forces the captive to do or say something that could lead to information of a supposed terrorist attack or pertinent details of upcoming events. The act of torture has been used against prisoners of war, possible insurgents, religious sympathizers and political prisoners since Christ was crucified at the cross. In the early 1970’s, certain governments begin to see a form of violence start to evolve called “terrorism” and with that came prisoners who were called “terrorists.” Although many countries employ torture techniques against those that are dubbed “political prisoners” not all countries label them as terrorists or even face potential threats of terrorism to the extent other countries do. Over the next several pages I will discuss events that have taken place since the 1970’s leading up to the current terrorist acts we face today and how the use of torture has played a role in these events. I will also discuss how the use of torture brings up a great ethical debate of what is right and wrong and how governments attempt to justify the use of torture. I will state how one of the classical...
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...REFLECTION OF PAKISTAN FOREIGN POLICY INTRODUCTION Pakistan is a major participant in the global efforts to curb transnational terrorism initiated after the terrorist attacks in the United States in September 2001. This enhanced Pakistan's strategic relevance for the major powers, especially the United States, which cultivated Pakistan for combating terrorism and ensuring peace and stability in the post-Taliban Afghanistan. Its strategic relevance has varied over time which had implications for Pakistan's role at the international level and the foreign policy options available to its policy makers. This briefing paper examines the changing patterns of Pakistan's foreign policy and how its position and role in international and regional politics has varied over time. Pakistan recognizes that it is neither possible nor advisable to stay in isolation in the present day interdependent and complex international system. It needs to interact with other states, international and regional organizations and supranational actors in order to protect and promote its national interests and sovereign identity. Its activism reflects a realization that such a policy facilities the mobilization of International support and resources for its domestic socio-economic development, helps to regulate the inputs from the external environment into the internal context, and contributes to strengthening security and territorial integrity which are the principal concerns of Pakistan's foreign policy...
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...international relations come in to connect. This article highlights the key themes that are currently developing within international intelligence liaison relationships. International intelligence liaison which may be defined as the the process of communication or cooperation which facilitates a close working relationship between intelligence organizations and law enforcing agencies of many states and countries. Intelligence agencies act as frontline of homeland defense and security. Right now, no any single state or country is facing the challenge of terrorism. These days international intelligence liaison is occupying space in academic research, political discourses and in state matters. As Adam Svendsen says: ‘Liaison today represents the most significant dimension of intelligence.’ It is high time for world to recognize and realize that existentialist issues such as, pandemics, overpopulation, climate change and now terrorism, are of global level. Therefore, no single country, state, nation can control over any of them individually, but transnationally combined efforts are needed for the solutions of these catastrophic issues. Post 9/11 events did not have that it took to create space for international intelligence liaison but others factors also drove the development of international intelligence liaison as globalization increasing and tightening...
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...Lone Wolf Terrorism Introduction Problem background and significance In the United States terrorism incidents such as the attack in 1995 in Oklahoma by Timothy McVeigh and the September 11th attack in 2001, have led to the realization that lone wolf terrorism posses a grave threat to the safety of the public. Terrorism analysts and law enforcement authorities have insisted that it is hard to spot lone terrorists before they strike and this is of great threat to the security of a nation. From FBI information it is evident that lone terrorism trends indicate that it is an ongoing risk both in side the United States and outside the country (Risen & Johnston, 2003) In 2003 the director of the FBI stated that there was an increased threat from persons who are affiliated or sympathetic with the Al Qaeda and they act without having any conspiracies surrounding them or external support. Scholars in the field of terrorism have in the past concentrated on the how terrorist groups work so as to explain how individuals work. The general view of terrorism is that it is a group activity which is mainly influenced by leaders training, recruitment, obedience and conformity, solidarity and moral disengagement. Due to the imbalance that exists between the focus by scholars on terrorism that is group based on one hand and apparent threat posed by lone wolf terrorist on the other hand, necessitates the empirical and conceptual analysis of lone wolf terrorism so as to establish a good understanding...
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...United States Policy Student Name: Institution affiliated Professor’s Name Date The United States has significant nationwide interests towards the larger Middle East. These interests consist of the union and security of Iraq and also the continuous expansion of its self-governing institutions together with its reintegration in the region. Counterterrorism is one of The U.S. interests associated to Iraq among others. Today's U.S. policy on terrorism mainly focuses on the aspects of the terrorist threat. The First is that the main threat, which is that of the Islamic terrorism, is international in capacity that has now reached to an extent where it now concerns the support of the U.S. state-run security and also worldwide security. On September 1972, 11 athletes from Israeli were killed by Black September Organization at Munich Olympic. This Black September Organization yet again kidnapped and then killed the Ambassador of U.S. and his Deputy Chief and also a Belgian civil servant. The United States together with the United Kingdom has repeated been bombing Iraq territory in the earlier years. Now the States association wishes to put into effect the resolutions of the United Nations band also to end the rule of Saddam Hussein through overthrowing it in a major military process. The arrangement is strictly criticized by the global society and more mostly by countries like Germany...
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...what can be done in the future to avoid a similar failure. Although I feel that all of these categories can apply in some way or another, the category I choose to develop my question on is the failure of the management- both operational and institutional. From reading Chapter 11 Foresight and Hindsight in the 9/11 Commission Report, we can see how the management missed numerous opportunities in upsetting the 9/11 plot. According to the Commission’s Report the reasoning behind this is because “Information was not shared, sometimes inadvertently or because of legal misunderstandings. Analysis was not pooled. Effective operations were not launched. Often the handoffs of information were lost across the divide separating the foreign and domestic agencies of the government.” (The 9/11 Commission Report-Pg. 353) Al Qaeda adapted to the failure of our management operations to gain entrance into the United States. Presented in the chapter is an illustration of how operational management failed in protecting our homeland with the case of Mihdhar, Hazmi, and Salem and their trip to Kuala Lumpur. In brief summary, here are the operational opportunities that the United States missed in this case: “1. January 2000: The CIA does not watch list Khalid al Mihdhar or notify the FBI when it learned Mihdhar possessed a valid U.S. visa. 2. January 2000: The CIA does not develop a transnational plan for tracking Mihdhar and his associates so that they could be followed to Bangkok and onward...
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...ISAS Insights No. 8 – Date: 25 October 2005 Institute of South Asian Studies Hon Sui Sen Memorial Library Building 1 Hon Sui Sen Drive (117588) Tel: 68746179 Fax: 67767505 Email: isaspt@nus.edu.sg Wesbite: www.isas.nus.edu.sg ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TERRORISM ON THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN REGION 1 S. Narayan 2 Introduction The most important sea-lane of communication (SLOC) in the Southeast Asian region is the Straits of Malacca, the main passage between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. It is 600 miles long and 300 miles wide on its western side. The length of the Singapore Straits, which connects Malacca with the South China Sea, is 75 miles, with an overall width of less than 12 miles. The Malacca and Singapore Straits provides the artery through which a significant proportion of global trade is conducted. Some 50,000 ship movements carrying as much as one quarter of the world’s commerce and half the world’s oil pass through these Straits each year. The second SLOC is the wider and deeper Lombok. It is less congested than the Straits of Malacca, is quite often used as an alternative passage and is considered a safer route. The third SLOC is the 50-mile long Straits of Sunda, another alternative to Malacca. Because the currents are strong and the depth of the water is limited, deep draft ships do not use these straits. The largest SLOC is the South China Sea. It stretches 1,800 nautical miles from Sumatra to Taiwan and is home to four principal island groups and...
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