...CHAPTER 5 CFD ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER AND SIMULATION This chapter deals with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the hydrodynamics and thermal behavior of the turbulent flow through a 2 pass Double pipe heat exchanger using ANSYS FLUENT 14.0 software. 5.1 Geometry and Modeling 5.1.1 Specifications of Geometry and Boundary conditions The analysis is performed on a double pipe heat exchanger with the inner diameter of inner pipe is 0.019 m & outer diameter of inner pipe is 0.025 m, similarly for annulus pipe, the inner diameter of outer pipe is 0.05 m & outer diameter of outer pipe is 0.056 m and the total length of heat exchanger is 2.36 m (2-pass). The mass flow rate of hot water, mh (kg/s), is constant over annulus...
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...Voss PCT 105 Equipment April 5, 2012 Heat Exchangers There are many types of heat exchangers used in a wide variety of industrial applications including power plants, boilers for industrial steam, chemical plants, and many types of manufacturing facilities. Several different configurations are used to accomplish the function of transferring heat from one fluid to another without mixing the two fluids together. The two most common industrial heat exchangers, the shell and tube heat exchanger and the double pipe heat exchanger, along with information about spiral heat exchangers, flat plate heat exchangers, flat plate heat exchangers, fin-tube heat exchangers, and condensers. Calculations for heat exchanger design use heat transfer parameters such as convection heat transfer coefficients, overall heat transfer coefficients, and log mean temperature differences. These calculations are needed for shell and tube and double pipe heat exchangers, as well as other types. The flow pattern through a heat exchanger affects the required heat exchanger surface. A counter flow heat exchanger needs the lowest heat transfer surface area. It gives a higher value for log mean temperature difference than either a parallel flow heat exchanger or a cross flow heat exchanger. A heat exchanger can have several different flow patterns. Counter flow, parallel flow, and crosss flow are common heat exchanger types. A counter flow heat exchanger is the most efficient flow pattern of...
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...lean/rich MEA heat exchanger E-114. This heat exchanger is a counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger and is designed to heat up the rich MEA stream flowing from the CO2 absorber to the stripper. The principle that is applied is heat exchange between cold stream and hot stream which in this case the heat energy is transferred from the lean MEA stream to the rich MEA stream. Apart from this, the chemical engineering design for this heat exchanger includes the determination of its dimensions and heat exchange coefficient as well as pressure drop. The mechanical design covers the design of pressure vessel, head, supports and piping. In addition, the operating design which includes the commissioning, start-up, shutdown and maintenance procedures, process control, and HAZOP study is considered. 2.0 Process Description Figure 2.1 Schematic of rich/lean MEA heat exchange process flow sheet The lean/rich MEA heat exchange process is presented in Figure 2.1. The MEA-2 stream containing rich CO2 is flowing from CO2 absorber and enters the heat exchanger to be heated up from 61°C to 80°C by MEA-7 before entering the stripper. The MEA-7 is then cooled down from 105°C to 84°C when pass through the heat exchanger and recycle back to the CO2 absorber. The cold stream in this case is MEA-2 and MEA-3 while the hot stream is MEA-7 and MEA-8. 3.0 Chemical Engineering Design 3.1 Design Methodology The rich/lean MEA heat exchanger is a counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger. The chemical...
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...Various Parts of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers Shell Shell is the container for the shell fluid and the tube bundle is placed inside the shell. Shell is the costliest part of the heat exchanger. Cost of shell and tube heat exchanger sensitively changes with change in the diameter of shell. The clearance between the tube bundle and inner shell wall depends on the type of exchanger. As per the TEMA standard, shell size ranges from 6 in (152 mm) to 60 in (1520 mm). Standard pipes are available up to 24 in size (600 mm NB). If shell size is fabricated by rolling a plate. Shell diameter depends on tube bundle diameter. For fixed tube sheet shell and tube heat exchanger, the gap between shell and tube bundle is minimum, ranging from 10 to 20...
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...The topics will includes review of thermodynamics and heat transfer, Heat Exchanger design, Convective and Conductive heat transfer rate calculations, Discussions of all types of heat exchangers, such as Double pipe, Shell and Tube, and Compact heat exchangers. Also Design of cooling towers, Solar collectors, … will be discussed. Perquisites: Thermodynamics, Dynamic, and Heat Transfer. Textbook: Heat Exchangers, Selection and rating by Sadik Kakac, and Hontan Lee, 3rd edition Reference Books: Hand book of heat exchanger design, Solar Energy Conversions Topics Covered: |Lecture |Topic | |(Hrs, approx.) | | |5 |Review of heat transfer and thermodynamics | |6 |Classification of Heat exchangers | |3 |Basic Design Methods – Logarithmic mean temperature | |3 |F chart Methods and NTU methods | |6 |Force Convection And Single phase heat exchangers ...
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...SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN TFD-HE13 - Shell & Tube Heat Exchager Design 1 Introduction q Shell & tube heat exchangers are the most versatile type of heat exchangers. § They are used in process industries, in conventional and nuclear power stations, steam generators, etc § They are used in many alternative energy applications including ocean, thermal and geothermal. q Shell & tube heat exchangers provide relatively large ratios of heat transfer area to volume. They can be easily cleaned. q TFD-HE13 - Shell & Tube Heat Exchager Design 2 Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers q Shell & tube type heat exchangers are built of tubes (round or rectangular in general) mounted in shells (cylindrical, rectangular or arbitrary shape). Many variations of this basic type is available. q § The differences lie mainly in the detailed features of construction and provisions for differential thermal expansion between the tubes and the shell. Shell inlet Tube inlet Tube outlet Shell outlet TFD-HE13 - Shell & Tube Heat Exchager Design 3 Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers U-Tube, baffled, single pass shell & tube heat exchanger Two pass tube, baffled single pass shell & tube heat exchanger Two pass tube, floating head, baffled single pass shell & tube heat exchanger TFD-HE13 - Shell & Tube Heat Exchager Design 4 Shell Types q q TEMA (the Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association) publishes standards defining how...
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...Production of Polystyrene PROCESS DESCRIPTION Manufacturing process: Polystyrene is manufactured by the addition polymerization of styrene monomer unit. Dow Chemical is the world's largest producer with a total capacity of 1.8 million metric tones in the USA, Canada, and Europe (1996 figures). The main manufacturing route to styrene is the direct catalytic dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene: The reaction shown above has a heat of reaction of -121 KJ/mol (endothermic). Nearly 65% of all styrene is used to produce polystyrene. The overall reaction describing the styrene polymerization is: This reaction is carried out in an inert organic solvent environment, which provides the reaction medium for this cationic polymerization reaction 1 Production of Polystyrene The different methods available for styrene polymerization are: 1. Solution (bulk) polymerization. 2. Emulsion polymerization. 3. Suspension polymerization. Solution (bulk) polymerization: Solution (bulk) polymerization is commonly referred to as mass polymerization in the industry. The vast majority of all polystyrene produced today is produced via this technology. The common solvents used in this process are the styrene monomer itself and ethyl benzene. The two types of mass polymerization are batch and continuous, of which continuous mass is by far the most popular. Batch mass polymerization consists of a polymerization section containing agitated vessels polymerizing up to 80% conversion...
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...included. Signature: Date: August 18, 2014 Acknowledgments The author would like to acknowledge the use of the Queen’s University On-line Library for access to Research Journals. Abstract Global warming is one of the most potentially disastrous issues facing mankind in the early 21st century, considered to be caused by man-made greenhouse gas emissions. Approximately 30% of the man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions causing global warming is created by the burning of fossil fuels to produce electricity or used as a direct energy source. The use of solar energy to pre-heat water for industrial, commercial and institutional and residential purposes can reduce electricity usage by up to 2% to 6% in southern Ontario. Adding the emissions from using natural gas directly to heat water a figure of 5% to 17% reduction in CO2 emissions can be derived by the use of solar energy to pre-heat water. This report details the equipment necessary for such a domestic solar hot water system (DSHW). The information has been used in a design matrix to create a viable system for southern Ontario from the many alternatives available. Table of Contents Declaration of Sole Authorship ii Acknowledgments iii Abstract...
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...Group Project Progress Report Title of the Project: Study and analysis of LNG value chain Group Members: Signatures 1. Anjali Singh (20141006) 2. Bhaumik Gandhi (20141011) 3. Parth Parekh (20141045) 4. Poras Shah (20141049) Faculty Mentor: Prof. Sudhir Yadav Mentor’s Comments on Progress: Mentor’s Signature with date: INDEX Sr.No. | Topics | | 1. | Introduction | | 2. | Exploration | | | 1.1 Onshore seismology | | | 1.2 Offshore seismology | | | 1.3 Megnatometer | | | 1.4 Gravitimeter | | | 1.5 The drilling and completion process | | | 1.6 Types of drilling | | | 1.7 Risk anaylisis during exploration | | | 1.8 Key challenges | | | 1.9 Appropriate solutions | | 3. | Liquefaction | | | 2.1 Liquefaction Process | | | 2.2 Different Liquefaction Techniques | | | 2.3 Liquefaction Process | | | 2.4 Solution to the issues related to Liquefaction of LNG | | 4. | Transportation | | | 3.1 Need of transportation of gas in form of lng | | | 3.2 LNG carrier | | | 3.3 Trading of LNG | | | 3.4 Types of LNG terminals | | | 3.5 Solution to issues related to transportation of lng | | 5. | Regasification | | | 4.1 Regasification Process | | | 4.2 Factors for LNG vaporizer selection process | | | 4.3 Open Rack Vaporisers (ORVS) and its features | | | 4.4 Challenges | | ABSTRACT World primary energy demand is expected...
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...CHAPTER-2 NANO FLUIDS Nano fluids are a new kind of approach for heat transfer applications. Nano fluids are containing nanoparticles having size of 1–100 nm, which are uniformly and stably suspended in a base fluid. Generally metals or metal-oxides used as Nanoparticles and they greatly enhance the thermal conductivity of the Nano fluids. Nano fluids have been considered for so many industrial applications for advanced heat transfer fluids for two decades. However, due to complexity of the Nano fluid systems, there is no agreement has been achieved in heat transfer processes. Nano fluids have the following advantages: • Nano fluids have broad surface area and more heat transfer rate occurs between particles and base fluids. • High dispersal...
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...295 liters compressed hydrogen tank to travel the same distance on a tank full of fuel. Ovonic solid hydrogen storage canister utilizes proprietary metal hybrid technology to safely store hydrogen in a compact manner at a low pressure. The metal alloy powder contained in the canister is formulated to absorb and release hydrogen similar to sponge absorbing water. Canisters were designed to operate at ambient temperatures with no requirement for added heat and can store several times more hydrogen than similar sized high pressure compressed hydrogen cylinders. This cylinder or cylinders are mounted to the rear of the vehicle chassis cross member. Originally, there was difficulty and availability of hydrogen gas stations and so the original design expects the car to...
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...IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES TOWARDS ACHIEVING ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS ABSTRACT As the energy consumption, industrial production and automobile usage around the world increases gradually, the efforts to meet the steadily increasing energy demand would leave the environment devastated. Traditional buildings consume as much as 40% of the primary energy consumed worldwide and are major contributors for greenhouse gases. Hence, with the intention of reducing the energy usage which reduces the environmental pollution energy efficient measures have been introduced. The goal of these measures is to decrease the energy use of the building substantially and provide the building's energy needs with on-site renewable energy supply like Photovoltaics. This results in a concept called Net zero energy buildings or Zero Energy Buildings. Zero energy building (ZEB) is a building with zero energy consumption i.e., it consumes only the amount of energy generated by the renewable power on the building site. NZEBs produce zero carbon emissions annually as various renewable energy technologies are deployed on the building site. This paper addresses the energy efficient measures that can be implemented to cut down the power consumption. The energy efficient features implemented in ZEBs for energy savings is justified with a case study. I. INTRODUCTION The environmental effects that Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions across countries at different levels...
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...compressor sucks air from the atmosphere, compresses it and then deliverers the same under a high press ore to a storage vessel. From the storage vessel, it may be conveyed by the pipeline to a place where the supply of compressed air is required. Since the compression of air requires some work to be done on it, there a compressor must be driven by some prime mover. Fig-1.1 Air Compressor 1.2 Classification of Air Compressor The air compressor may be classified in many ways, but the following are importance from the subject point of view. 1. According to working a. Reciprocating compressor b. Rotary compressor 2. According to action a. Single acting compressor b. Double acting compressor 3. According to number of stage c. Single stage compressor d. Multistage compressor 4. According pressure e. Low pressure whose final pressure does not exceed 10 bar f. Medium pressure with range of 10 bar to 80 bar g. High pressure with range 80 bar to 1000 bar. 5. According capacity h. Small compressor handling up to 9m3/min i. Medium compressor handling 9 to 3000m3/min j. High compressor handling more than 3000m3/min 1.3 Type of air compressors Fig. 1.2 Types of air compressors WORK HISTORY CHAPTER 2 2.1 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION This was a long standing problem at AIR...
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...PROJECT REPORT FOR AWARDING OF CERTIFICATE ON COMPLETION OF SUMMER INPLANT TRAINING (1st JUNE- 22nd JULY 2011) AT IOCL Gujarat Refinery (Vadodara) SUBMITTED BY: SHREYASH GUPTA Integ.Btech(APE)+MBA(O&G Management) University of Petroleum and Energy Studies,Dehradun PREFACE Though it has been said that best friend a man can ever get is a book but we at this juncture realize that only books cannot give all the information a person seeks. When any student is unable to understand a particular topic, he is advised to imagine the whole matter and then try to understand it. Normally, this method succeeds. But in engineering stream considering the study of wide range of process and equipments involved in it, it is hard to understand the unit operations and processes just through books or even with imagination .Unless one happens to see the process, equipments, he is like a soldier who knows to fire the gun ,but is yet to face a war. Industrial training is one of the most vital part of a syllabus of chemical engineering, which not only teaches one the industrial unit operations, equipments and other technical aspects, but also teaches discipline, interaction with various people irrespective of their posts, the importance of teamwork, etc. This report contains a brief introduction to GUJRAT REFINERY and knowledge gathered about various units in refinery during the training. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express...
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...FROM RESEARCH TO INDUSTRY Nuclear Energy Division 4 -GENERATION SODIUM-COOLED FAST REACTORS THE ASTRID TECHNOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATOR th DECEMBER 2012 SUSTAINABLE RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF JUNE 28, 2006: RESULTS OF RESEARCH CARRIED OUT ON THE SEPARATION AND TRANSMUTATION OF LONG-LIVED RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS, AND ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW GENERATION OF NUCLEAR REACTORS 1 4th GENERATION SODIUM-COOLED FAST REACTORS THE ASTRID TECHNOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATOR 1 2 FOREWORD The objective of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF), in which France is actively involved, is to prepare the future nuclear sector in an international framework by jointly developing the R&D of 4th generation reactors, based on clearly identified objectives: achieve sustainable development of nuclear energy by optimising the use of natural uranium resources and by reaching the highest levels of nuclear safety; minimise the production of the most radioactive waste, in particular long-lived waste; ensure high resistance to nuclear proliferation; develop applications of nuclear energy for other uses than production of electricity. After an analysis phase carried out jointly by the founding partners, the GIF selected six concepts of nuclear reactors and their cycles4 which exhibited the most promising potentials to achieve the abovementioned objectives: SFR: Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor; GFR: Gas-cooled Fast Reactor; LFR: Lead-cooled Fast Reactor; SCWR: Supercritical Water-cooled...
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