...Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2014. Content includes information about schizophrenia. Its information was useful to infer Pilgrim’s illness. No weaknesses, very good source, I liked it 3. "Depression Symptoms & Warning Signs." : How to Recognize Depression Symptoms and Get Effective Help. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2014. Content includes information about depression. Its information was useful to infer Pilgrim’s illness. No weaknesses, very good source, I liked it 4. "Understanding Schizophrenia." : Symptoms, Types, Causes, and Early Warning Signs. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2014. Content includes information about schizophrenia. Its information was useful to infer Pilgrim’s illness. No weaknesses, very good source, I liked it 5. "What Is Psychosis? Fraser Health Early Psychosis Intervention." What Is Psychosis? Fraser Health Early Psychosis Intervention. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2014. Content includes information about psychosis. Its information was useful to infer Pilgrim’s illness. No weaknesses, very good source, I liked it 6. "Mental Health and Delusional Disorder." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2014. Content includes information about delusional disorder. Its information was useful to infer Pilgrim’s illness and ensure that Pilgrim does not have the delusional disorder. No weaknesses, very good source, I liked it 7. "Dementia/Alzheimer's Disease." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for...
Words: 365 - Pages: 2
...The author of this work is currently employed as a community psychiatric nurse whose remit is to work with those clients with serious and enduring mental illness, the majority of whom have a medical diagnosis of schizophrenia and related psychosis. Over the past 10 years there's been a growing movement towards diverse treatments for schizophrenia other than the acknowledged role of medication as a treatment modality (Birchwood and Tarrier 1993). Developments in psychological theory have led to a number of innovative psychological treatments drawn from human experimental psychology such as behavioural and social psychology and cognitive science. Therapies based on cognitive behavioural theory have been rapidly developing, initially for the so called ‘neurotic disorders’ but in recent years evidence has accumulated to suggest that these cognitive behavioural approaches can be effective for those people suffering from psychosis ( Williams 1995). The aim of this assignment is to explore the basis of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and review its’ therapeutic application to schizophrenia. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is an evolutionary paradigm that came about a from the merging of the established paradigm of behavioural therapy and contemporary cognitive therapy (Clarke and Fairburn 1997). Behavioural therapy historically focused on anxiety, phobic and obsessional disorders. Treatments were aligned to the learning theories of Pavlov and Skinner,...
Words: 6475 - Pages: 26
...(CHR) for Psychosis Mary O’Brien, PhD University of California, Los Angeles Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome: DSM-V Conditions for Further Study • At least one of the following symptoms is present in attenuated form, with relatively intact reality testing, and is of sufficient severity or frequency to warrant clinical attention: 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized speech • Symptoms have begun/worsened in the past year • Never met criteria for a psychotic disorder Clinical Characteristics of the Clinical High Risk Sample • At imminent risk - 35% conversion rate within 2.5 years • Average age = 17 (12 – 30) • Most common co-morbid diagnoses: – Major Depressive Disorder 35% – Anxiety Disorders 46% – Attention Deficit Disorders 20% • Global Assessment of Functioning Mean = 47 Why family interventions during the CHR period? • CHR youth tend to be adolescents living with their families. • They are in a developmental stage that requires them to cope with the daily demands of family life. • Parents who bring these youths to clinics are often looking for support and guidance and may be at risk for developing symptoms themselves due to the stress imposed by their youths’ symptoms. What do empirical findings suggest about the potential utility of family interventions during the CHR period? • Evidence from adoption, expressed emotion, and treatment studies indicates that families play a key role in the evolution of symptoms in psychosis. • Evidence...
Words: 458 - Pages: 2
...person’s psychosis. Childhood schizophrenia is similar to adult schizophrenia, but it occurs earlier in life and has a profound impact on the attitude, behavior, and life. The child with schizophrenia may experience strange thoughts, strange feelings, and abnormal behaviors. Childhood schizophrenia is rare and difficult to diagnose in early phases. Childhood schizophrenia makes the child lose touch with reality (psychosis). When the child loses psychosis he or she may have one or all of the following signs and symptoms of schizophrenia: hallucinations, delusions, irrational behavior and thinking, and problems with daily tasks. The cause of schizophrenia is unknown. “Current research suggests a combination of brain changes, bio-chemical, genetic and environments factors may be involved” (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2004). Childhood schizophrenia makes it difficult to diagnose, and treat. It further makes educational, emotional, and social needs, and development harder. Some factors that make children under age 17 vulnerable to the disease appears to be according to Mental Health America 2011, neurodevelopment damage resulting in delays in language and other functions prior to onset of psychotic symptoms. The schizophrenia psychosis in children develops gradually versus the psychotic break an adolescent or adult would experience. Schizophrenia’s environmental factors that make the children population vulnerable to disease begins as early development...
Words: 1174 - Pages: 5
...Schizophrenia Symptoms and Early Detection RUNNING HEAD: SCHIZOPHRENIA EARLY DETECTION Abstract Schizophrenia is a chronic, serve and disabling brain disorder that affects all domains of life about one percent of the population (Shioiri, Shinada, Kuwabara, & Someya, 2007; Insel, 2009; Martinez et al., 2011). It affects both men and woman starting at the age of 15 (Yeo, Berzins,& Addington, 2007; Insel, 2009). Looking at the three categorizes of symptoms: positive, negative, and cognitive; With the four phase or stages: prodromal, active, remission, and relapse and how they correlate with each other, there is the possibility of begin able to help find a way to be more accurate in the way of early detections of not only Schizophrenia but other psychiatry diseases. The amount of time it takes for the disease to be detected is important for the recovery of the individual and also the friends and family of the individual. The longer we wait the harder it is for the individual to control their symptoms. It all comes down to the more that we know, the more we can help (Insel, 2009). Schizophrenia Symptoms and Early Detection Schizophrenia is a chronic, serve and disabling brain disorder that affects about one percent of the population (Shioiri, Shinada, Kuwabara, & Someya, 2007; Insel, 2009). It affects both men and woman starting at the age of 15 (Yeo, Berzins,& Addington, 2007; Insel, 2009). Even though it is shown that there is a link in the genetics of...
Words: 1489 - Pages: 6
...CBT for Psychosis Introduction Psychosis (Psyche – Greek for the mind or soul; -osis referring to abnormal condition) is a general umbrella term for mental states traditionally characterised by a loss of contact with reality, during which sufferers may experience episodes of hallucinations and delusional thinking, distorted thoughts or behaviours, even personality changes. Current criteria for diagnosis includes experiencing one or more symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms; disturbed social cognition and functioning, bizarre behaviour, emotional labiality (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Traditionally treatment and conceptualisation of psychotic symptoms has been more the domain of psychiatry. The use of ‘psychosis’ as a term first emerged towards the end of the 1800’s as a new label for ‘madness’ and as a way of classifying illness of the mind. It wasn’t until the mid 1900’s there was a shift in the perception of psychosis and possible psychological processes contributing to psychotic experiences. Bentall (1993) further supported this by writing about understanding psychotic symptoms based on an individuals’ presenting distress/ difficulties rather than focusing on a medical model of psychosis treatment. Though Aaron Beck in the development of the cognitive approach to emotional disorders did explore the idea of adapting a cognitive model to psychosis in a paper in 1952, “Successful...
Words: 4494 - Pages: 18
...abnormalities, predominantly weight gain, are related with the use of Antipsychotic medications. Objectives: This paper will help us understand the underlying factors that cause metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities; and to advice interventions that would help improve the condition of mental health consumers. Background: The review articles used in this paper shows a high linkage between metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities with the use of Antipsychotic medications; which is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among metal health consumers. Approach: Selective Article Reviews are being used. Findings and Implications: Metabolic and cardiovascular side effects such as weight gain, diabetes and hypertension are some of the risks of Antipsychotic drugs; however, there are other underlying factors that cause this such abnormalities such as genetic factors, lifestyle, and other medications. Hence, education, early monitoring and lifestyle modification is highly recommended. Conclusion: Atypical drugs are the frequently used treatment for mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia; but despite of its metabolic and cardiovascular side effects still it’s used is increasing. Therefore, early intervention and monitoring must be implemented, with the promotions of education, lifestyle and diet management. Introduction It is well known that psychotropic drugs, in general and antipsychotic drugs, in particular have as one of their...
Words: 2070 - Pages: 9
...Metabolic abnormalities, predominantly weight gain, are related with the use of Antipsychotic medications. Objectives: This paper will help us understand the underlying factors that cause metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities; and to advice interventions that would help improve the condition of mental health consumers. Background: The review articles used in this paper shows a high linkage between metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities with the use of Antipsychotic medications; which is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among metal health consumers. Approach: Selective Article Reviews are being used. Findings and Implications: Metabolic and cardiovascular side effects such as weight gain, diabetes and hypertension are some of the risks of Antipsychotic drugs; however, there are other underlying factors that cause this such abnormalities such as genetic factors, lifestyle, and other medications. Hence, education, early monitoring and lifestyle modification is highly recommended. Conclusion: Atypical drugs are the frequently used treatment for mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia; but despite of its metabolic and cardiovascular side effects still it’s used is increasing. Therefore, early intervention and monitoring must be implemented, with the promotions of education, lifestyle and diet management. Introduction It is well known that psychotropic drugs, in general and antipsychotic drugs, in particular have as one of their side effect...
Words: 937 - Pages: 4
...EARLY ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA Samuel Wilson III April 19, 2015 Introduction to Early Onset Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that has long been a taboo in American society. Schizophrenics have been perceived as being crazy, insane, and outcasts in society. People suffering from this disorder lose touch with reality and often experience hallucinations. One very unlooked aspect of this disorder is the children who are diagnosed with the illness. Early onset schizophrenia (EOS) describes children and adolescents identified with having some form of schizophrenia before age 18 (American Psychiatric Association 2000). Although early onset schizophrenia is very rare, it is important to acknowledge the aspects of this disorder within children. Discovering patterns in the development of mental illnesses among children can drastically enhance the understanding and treatment of the illness. Until recently very little research was done involving children and adolescents dealing with schizophrenia (Nillinghouse and Trotman, 2009). There has been an increased understanding of the onset appearance of schizophrenia in recent years. Frequently, the age of onset schizophrenia is between 16 and 35 years. EOS is usually identified during school age years and the rate of the disorder usually escalates during adolescence (Li, Pearrow, & Jimerson, 2010). There are two forms of onset schizophrenia: childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) is a very rare...
Words: 3208 - Pages: 13
...coping with intolerable affect, this approach, developed and evaluated in an acute hospital setting (Durrant, Clarke & Wilson 2007), enables us to offer more adapted skills for coping with affect as the solution. This 'third wave Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)' approach (Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999) takes seriously the discontinuities in human information processing (Teasdale & Barnard 1993) and employs mindfulness to manage them. The coping mechanisms considered are: • Mindfulness • Arousal management techniques • Emotion Regulation skills (Linehan 1993a & b) • Skills for coping with relationships with self and others, including a compassionate mind based approach to self esteem. • Coping with psychosis. Many of these techniques are already familiar in...
Words: 8338 - Pages: 34
...Unit 4222-619 Understand mental health problems (CMH 302) Outcome 1. Know the main forms of mental ill health 1 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association. It is a classification of mental disorders which offers a common language and classification of mental disorders. It is used by the medical profession, researchers, pharmaceutical companies and health insurers. The fifth edition was published in 2013. DSM 4 divided each psychiatric diagnosis into five dimensions or axes, each one relating to different aspects of disorder or disability. AXIS I: Clinical Disorders (all mental disorders except Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation) Axis II: Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation Axis III: General Medical Conditions (must be connected to a Mental Disorder) Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems (for example limited social support network) Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (Psychological, social and job-related functions are evaluated on a continuum between mental health and extreme mental disorder) The fifth edition has simplified this classification into three sections rather than the multiaxial system, but there has been much criticism of the new edition with doubts been thrown as to its impartiality, resulting in a petition calling for an outside review of DSM 5. In Europe there is a tendency to favour the I.C.D. as a means of classifying mental illnesses. The...
Words: 5294 - Pages: 22
...after childbirth – is a significant health issue. The research literature indicates that ten to twenty percent of women are affected by perinatal depression while BC data indicate that twelve percent of women between nine months prenatal and nine months postnatal receive physician services for depression (BC Reproductive Mental Health Program, 2006). Postpartum depression is used loosely to refer to a collection of emotional symptoms associated with pregnancy and childbirth. It can be conceptualized as a continuum with symptoms worsening over time in some women (Clemmens, Driscoll, & Beck, 2004 as cited in Bowles B, Coleman N, & Jansen L, 2011). There are three levels of severity: baby blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. Baby blues are experienced as mood swings, crying spells, sadness, anxiety, or dependency (Bennett & Indman, 2003 as cited in Bowles B, et al, 2011). Other symptoms might include impatience, irritability, restlessness, or loneliness (USDHHS, 2002 as cited in Bowles B, et al 2011). These symptoms are sometimes attributed to rapid physical and hormonal changes. The hormonal fluctuations include decreased thyroid, oestrogen, and progesterone levels (Baker, Mancuso, Montenegro, & Lyons, 2002 as cited in Bowles B, et al 2011). Psychological manifestations include emotional letdown after birth, anxiety about the increased responsibilities of motherhood, fatigue or sleep deprivation, or feelings of...
Words: 1683 - Pages: 7
...Marijuana Anonymous, 239 marital status, and suicide, 454 masculinity drunkenness and, 428 sense of, 395 Massachusetts Male Aging Study, 402 Massachusetts Women’s Health Study (MWHS), 442 masturbation, 396 McNaughton Rules, 558 McNaughton, Daniel, 558 m-CPP 435 , MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; ‘ecstasy’), 328 medial temporal lobe volume in Alzheimer’s disease, 359 MRI for detecting, 75 medical conditions anxiety disorders in, 170 depression treatment, 521 detection of psychiatric illness, 483 feigned illness, 530–531 mental disorders due to, 327 anxiety disorders, 333 cannabis and psychosis, 330 catatonia, 332 cognitive disorders, 334 delusions, 329 depression and Parkinson’s disease, 332 general principles, 327 hallucinations, 328 mood disorders, 330 personality disorder, 333 psychotic disorder, 328 stimulant psychosis, 329 mental disorders due to, 326–335 relationship to affective change, 270 suicide risk and, 455 medically unexplained symptoms, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 epidemiology,...
Words: 7400 - Pages: 30
...Thomas Wallace Dementia Praecox Mental Deterioration at an Early Age Introduction to Psychology Laura McCormick, Professor February 15, 2014 Thomas Wallace Dementia Praecox Mental Deterioration at an Early Age Introduction to Psychology Laura McCormick, Professor February 15, 2014 Abstract Schizophrenia, a classification of psychological disorders considered to be one of the most extreme in terms of psychological dysfunction and breakdown (Carson and Butcher, 1992). This disorder can result in a complete breakdown or alteration of reality. Schizophrenia is often termed psychotic in order to separate it from other disorders that are much milder in nature, such as Mood and Anxiety disorders. It is the goal of this paper to provide an overview of some of the issues and debates regarding this difficult and oft misunderstood disorder. What is Schizophrenia? Dementia Praecox, otherwise known as Schizophrenia, has been regarded as a uniquely distinct disease for well over a 100 years. This disease affects those areas that control how a person functions. It manipulates the individual’s thoughts, distorts their perceptions and causes hallucinations, particularly auditory. The person becomes delusional believing others can read their mind and thoughts of others are being placed in their head. According to the criteria for Schizophrenia described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013)...
Words: 1771 - Pages: 8
... people with mental disorders The current therapeutic model for the treatment of mental health disorders embraces a combination of pharmacological and psychological interventions. Psychoeducational methods are employed in clinical procedures for all mental health disorders and are critical to integrated health care (Bedell, Hunter & Corrigan, 2009). Creamer and O'Donnell (2008) refer to psychoeducation as education, which is specially targeted to psychological health and aims to produce changes in an individual’s knowledge, attitudes, and skills to improve health outcomes. This study is aimed at discussing what psychoeducation is, its role in clinical settings, its efficacy and how nurses figure in employing techniques attributed to psychoeducation. The study draws from evidence-based literature, including meta-analyses and research papers in the field. It is common practice to inform patients with any chronic disorder to be informed about their illness, prognosis and treatment. For instance, patients with diabetes will be educated on their treatment and how they can help manage the situation and not aggravate their condition. This concept is psychoeducation and is similarly rendered to patients dealing with mental health problems, albeit in different modes or techniques. Any type of intervention that educates patients and their families with the hope of improving their long-term outcome is classified as psychoeducation and is...
Words: 3022 - Pages: 13
