...This paper seeks to find out and elaborate the term Early Warning Scores (EWS) while also showing its vital role in early identification and quick treatment of a patient who is experiencing a fast deterioration of health. There are other diverse scores that are similar to the Early Warning Score (EWS). For example, there is the ‘Modified Early Warning Score’ and the ‘National Early Warning Score’. The above scores have different terms because they use different set of parameters and variables in measurement when compared to the EWS. This paper will focus on the use of EWS consistently and will only refer to measurements that fall under EWS. Literature mainly drawn from national policies and guidelines issued by bodies such as the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE), National Confidential Inquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD), and National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) reinforce our support of the use and efficacy of EWS. Through the use of literature derived from medical books nursing journal, medical journals, and other medical sources from the internet we will provide evidence on the efficacy and use of EWS. The objective will be to come up with a recommendation on the EWS that is derived from research. The first consideration when discussing critical care is to consider what it comprises of. Critical care is the direct delivery of medical-care to the patients that are acutely ill. While giving critical care it should be understood...
Words: 2945 - Pages: 12
...Introduction In the current days, the characteristics and needs of the patients in Australia and the rest of the world keep changing. The hospitals have been receiving an increased number of patients with different ailments and sometimes they get more ill during their stay in the health facility. The warning sighs always show on a patient before the adverse events such as unexpected deaths, admission to the ICUs or even cardiac arrests. It has been noted that, these warning signs are sometimes not identified, hence not acted upon (Adam, Odell, & Welch, 2010). This study is meant to discuss the case of Mrs. Jones, a 72 year old lady who has been admitted in the ward with increasing confusion and decreasing mobility. Her recent history suggests that she has had Urinary Tract Infection, and she usually has a GCS of 15. Her normal blood pressure always ranges from 140 to 150. During the primary assessment, it is noted that she is not in danger and she opens her eyes when her name is called. She is able to talk and her airway is patent. Her accessory muscle use is increases; her RR is at 22 and SP02 is at 95% on room air. She is also pale and diaphoretic. Her pulses are weak and thread y with the heart rate of 120 and blood pressure of 95/50, GCS at 13/15, temp at 38.5, BGL at 13.2mmol/L and pain in the lower abdomen. Nurses role in recognizing and responding to clinical deterioration The nurses also have a role of ensuring that the medication that a specific patient...
Words: 3607 - Pages: 15
...National Disaster Management Committee & Department of Disaster Management [pic] [pic] Training Manual Table of Contents Introduction: The Importance of Communication 4 Emergency Communications and Warning Systems 5 Technologies behind Warning Systems 7 WARNING FLOW DIAGRAM 8 Principles of Emergency Communications 9 The Motorola Pro 5150 Handset Radio 12 Methods of communication 13 HF Radio. 19 VHF Radio. 19 UHF – Mobile / Fixed Trunk. 21 Satellite Communications. 21 POTS or Plain Old Telephone System. 21 Cellular Telephone. 22 Internet. 22 Broadcast Services. 22 Cable. 22 Pager. 23 Civil Communications. 23 Military Communications. 23 Amateur Radios. 23 Private/Commercial Communications. 23 Marine and Aeronautical Communications. 23 Citizens Band (CB) 24 THE ICOM 718 High Frequency (HF) general coverage radio 25 The Main Components of a Typical HF Radio Station: 26 Operating Modes 27 SIMPLEX OPERATION 27 DUPLEX OPERATION VIA REPEATER 27 Radio Relay/Rebroadcast 28 Extending Range 28 Linked Repeater System 29 Proper Use of Repeaters. 30 Radio checks, Signal strength and Readability 31 Preliminary Calls 31 OPERATIONAL INFORMATION 33 INCOMING RADIO MESSAGES 33 INCOMING TELEPHONE MESSAGES 34 OUTGOING MESSAGES 34 RECEPTION OF DISTRESS, URGENCY AND SAFETY MESSAGES 35 Sample Message Form 36 Calling Procedures 37 Collective calls and Radio check...
Words: 9300 - Pages: 38
...------------------------------------------------- THE NEW ERA NEWSPAPER SHAKE ALERT SYSTEM RECENT DISCOVER! Nowadays technology is everywhere, any kind of people use it, to children of 5 years up to old timers. A recent earthquake showed that the “ShakeAlert System” really works. 10 seconds before the start of the 6.0 magnitude earthquake in California, a group of investigators of the university of UC Berkley received an alert that the earthquake was going to happen. Therefore, the objective of this system is to alert you 40 or 50 seconds before the earthquake, this will be very helpful. But now a 10 second “alert” will be enough time? The answer is yes, this 10 second period is enough to do immediate actions like stopping the elevator, slow train speed or give the fireman a quick notice for them to start preparing for help. Once it is fully developed it could have the range of 40 to 50 seconds, imagine this app, you will be advice than an earthquake is approaching, and this will give you some time to go to a safe place near your location. The “ShakeAlert System” works thanks to its vast ability to transmit information at the speed of light. The sensors located nearly to the epicentre capture the waves with seconds in advance; this will send the alert to the near locations. For now the system emits a very thunderous sound, a count down of the situation that is approaching, the expected insensitive, the estimated magnitude and a...
Words: 548 - Pages: 3
...There are two types of disasters: Natural and Manmade or Human Induced Disasters. Disasters that occur due to abrupt changes in the earth systems and weather conditions are called as natural disasters. These disasters have further been classified into – Planetary and Extra-Planetary Disasters. Disasters that occur on land and in atmosphere due to changes in earth systems or the geological conditions and atmosphere are called as Planetary Disasters. These disasters have further been classified into – Terrestrial and Atmospheric disasters. Disasters that remain confined to land and bottoms of oceans are called as terrestrial disasters. Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides and mine disasters are some examples of terrestrial disasters. Atmospheric disasters are caused due to atmospheric events. Tropical cyclones, droughts, floods etc. are some examples of atmospheric disasters. Disasters occurring due to collisions between the earth and space bodies or due to physical forces between them are called as extra-planetary disasters. High tide waves, hurricanes, landslides, movements of rocks, changes in sea level, biological extinctions etc. are examples of extra- planetary disasters. Disasters that are caused due to human intervention in the natural processes or due to his activities related to development and war are called as man- made disasters. Occurrence of epidemics, nuclear hazards, industrial accidents, biological war fares, bioterrorism etc. are man-...
Words: 1273 - Pages: 6
...Landslide Risk Management By refer to landslide risk management concept and guidelines from Australian Geomechanics Society Sub-Committee on Landslide Risk Management, the concept of landslide risk management are as below: The first step to be done is risk analysis in order to estimation of travel distance and velocity. These factors determine the extent to which the landslide will affect property and persons down slope and the ability of persons to take evasive action. Analysis can be done whether by running consequences analysis or frequencies analysis. For consequences analysis, the elements at risk will include: * Property, which may be subdivided into portions relative to the hazard being considered. * People, who either live, work, or may spend some time in the area affected by land sliding. * Services, such as water supply or drainage or electricity supply. * Roads and communication facilities. * Vehicles on roads, subdivided into categories (cars, trucks, buses) Whereas, for frequencies analysis, the frequency of land sliding can be expressed as: * The annual frequency of occurrence of land sliding in a nominated part of the landscape based on previous rates of occurrence. * The probability of an existing landslide moving or a particular slope, cut or fill failing in a given period based on an understanding and analysis of the controls on stability. * The driving forces exceeding the resisting forces in probability or reliability...
Words: 1064 - Pages: 5
...whole. This is one of the oldest practice since the beginning of time. Many civilizations have studied this for years. This was before anyone came up with the idea to build a ship to visit other planets. People have always been amazed by the unknown, and this is why we still have people going to outer space to discover new things. The use of the research for studying outer space is known as Astronomy. According to the web dictionary Astronomy is the scientific study of the matter in outer space, especially the positions, dimensions, distribution, energy, and evolution of celestial bodies and phenomena (http://www.thefreedictionary.com). Early scientist could not just look up in the sky to measure how far away a star actually is and to see what else is up in space. There is other techniques and equipment is needed. Early scientist use a technique called triangulation. This was done by looking at a star and record its location. Then six months later scientist would look at the star again and measure the distance and record any changes (How are astronomers, 2000). The strength of an earthquake by measure the level of shaking on the earth’s surface with a seismogram which records the shaking in wiggly lines. The length of the lines plus the amount of wiggling illustrates the strength of the event, larger lines with a plenty of wiggles indicate a stronger earthquake and vice versa (Wald, 2012). Science allows for the understanding of the world around...
Words: 902 - Pages: 4
...Title: Reshaping Crisis Management: The Challenge for Organizational Design Author: Tony Jaques Year of Research: - Year of Publication: 2010 The Purpose of the research: Is to find or discuss crisis management prevention instead of just crisis response necessitates moving responsibility from operational to the executive level. Methodology: Observation to other cases and study on Crisis Management model. Results or Findings:The evolution of crisis management that focuses on prevention rather than action after incidents happen. Body of Knowledge: The whole idea of the paper has been divided into sub-topic below: 1. The event approach. This event approach led to a very logical concept of traditional crisis management focus on incident response like what to do when a crisis happen and what to prepare. Such functional activities are critically important for successful organizational crisis response and recovery from unexpected event that threaten to disrupt an organization. This traditional event approach typically positions crisis management structurally alongside operational or technical level such as security or emergency response, often with public affairs tactically in support for media or community relations. 2. The process approach. After this years, trend for crisis management to evolve beyond this operational response and this reshaping crisis management which has led to the need of organizational design. This awareness that proactive managers can and should...
Words: 959 - Pages: 4
...reducing the probability of occurrence of the disaster (Warfield). The activities involved in this stage include zoning, educating masses about the disaster establishing safety codes among others. Mitigation phase will include shaping plans and policies to modify disaster causes and mitigate the effects of disasters on property, infrastructure and people (Warfield). The second phase is the preparedness phase. In this stage, there is a need to establish readiness so as to respond to a disaster situation in case it arises. At this stage, the main goal is to strengthen the capacity of the organizations and communities. The measures in this stage can as well be referred as logistical measures. The measures may include, establishing early warning systems, public education among others. Establishing reserves of medicine, food and others is also important (Warfield). Response presents the third phase in disaster response. At this stage, a disaster has occurred. The activities at this stage may include assisting the affected population by evacuating them. Providing necessary assistance to save lives (Warfield). The affected persons can also be provided with temporally shelters. The recovery is the fourth stage in disaster preparedness. At this stage, the main goal is to restore the situation...
Words: 323 - Pages: 2
...NATURAL DISASTERS AND THE DECISIONS THAT FOLLOW Problem Definition Response of different industries ( Insurance Industries, Airline Industries…etc) to natural disaster. A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage, and typically leaves some economic damage in its wake, the severity of which depends on the affected population's resilience, or ability to recover How natural disasters affect business? To which extend do people like Rommel, Neeleman consider customer welfare during making their decisions? Does natural disasters a reason for companies to neglect their organizational Constraints, (customer service and satisfaction)? Justification of the problem There are several factors that affect decisions that follow natural disasters. • % of accuracy in predicating natural disasters. This determines how seriously companies should take the predication into consideration • Timing of the information . It affects the ability to have enough time to respond and make all necessary decisions •Planning and rules to be set, regularly reviewed to include any new case and tested by companies. This plan should consider welfare of both owners and customers. • Ability to adjust adequately for subsequent information and not being selectively interpreting what one sees on the...
Words: 477 - Pages: 2
...Problem 1 Newater Problems and solution Remote Monitoring System To Detect Discharge Of Trade Effluent With Vocs Into The Public Sewer The NEWater production process involves microfiltration, and reverse osmosis. When WRP final effluent contains low molecular weight organic solvents, which may be present due to discharge of such substances in trade effluent from some industries, NEWater production may be disrupted as some of these solvents can pass through the membranes. There are measures in place to safeguard the supply of NEWater from disruption due to the indiscriminate and often illegal discharge of such substances into the public sewers. PUB has put in place an early warning system, comprising of VOC meters installed at certain pumping stations with significant industrial clusters and at WRP inlets, to alert of high VOC in the used water. When such alerts occur, a surveillance team will carry out field inspections to trace the source of such discharge. PUB has been able to handle the situations relatively satisfactorily, and without affecting the NEWater customers. Early warning system can be enhanced by moving the VOC meters further upstream to the potential sources of discharge. In this situation, besides shortening the time lag between the alert and the detection, a fair amount on the likely discharger of the trade effluent with the undesirable substances would be narrowed down. This enhancement can therefore help to increase the possibility of a successful tracing...
Words: 398 - Pages: 2
...spills and chemicals into the oceans , seas , rivers and even into the clean water , loss of the plants and animals but the way it affected the society was much more stronger for example : loss of money , caused a lot of deaths , loss of homes , people got stranded.etc ,etc. Grenada), Venezuela, Jamaica, Grand Cayman, Cuba, Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Texas and most of the eastern United States. Hurricane Ivan started on the 2nd of September 2004 and finished on the 24th on September 2004,and it went for 22days.hurricanes usually occur of low pressure areas that form over the ocean waters in the summer and this is why most of the hurricanes are in my opinion i think in the future similar disasters may be minimized by warning the people by the "early warning systems”, Evacuations, quicker response from the government and emergency services and maybe these ideas may save a lot of people’s life. Disasters assignment year:9 Mr: Scott & MS:Nguen By :Janait...
Words: 259 - Pages: 2
...As a small group we want to push each other to grow in all areas of our lives. And we believe this can be practically exercised in an honest evaluation of ourselves. The Bible tells us that we should “test our own actions” and “Be honest in your evaluation of yourselves.” Carry each other’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ. 3 If anyone thinks they are something when they are not, they deceive themselves.4 Each one should test their own actions. Then they can take pride in themselves alone, without comparing themselves to someone else, 5 for each one should carry their own load. Galatians 6:3-4 Because of the privilege and authority God has given me, I give each of you this warning: Don't think you are better than you really are. Be honest in your evaluation of yourselves, measuring yourselves by the faith God has given us. Romans 12:3 So in light of this we have put together a short exercise that can help us gauge ourselves and provide insight into one another’s lives. Some of these questions are difficult and we encourage you to take your time to stop and reflect on each one. 1. Tell me about your signature strengths? 2. Tell me how you use these strengths in life/work? 3. Tell me about your chosen career. Why did you choose this career path? What do you love about it? What would you like to change? 4. Tell me about your biggest weakness? What does it cause? What is its cause? 5. How do you determine whether something is...
Words: 1185 - Pages: 5
...I chose to look at what new advances have come about in the area of systems that would detect and warn drivers of excessive movement of their vehicles, and prevent a driver from head-on collisions or running off the road. When I looked at lane departure systems, I found an article that an S. Glaser of the French National Institute of Transportation Research; Laboratory of Interactive Vehicle Infrastructure Conduct, Versailles, France had determined that road-departure warning systems are possible. (co-authors, 2010) The systems would take into account the forward (longitudinal) motion and lateral (side-to-side) motion of the vehicle and compute or analyze whether or not the vehicle was within safe parameters or was showing signs of lane or road departure. (co-authors, 2010) Glaser and colleagues talked about Time to Lane Crossing (TLC) calculations. The only way I knew what these calculations were was to go to another source to find that the TLC is an algorithm that takes measurements of the longitudinal and lateral motion of the vehicle and calculates the TLC used to issue warnings to the driver or to enable steering intervention. (Ulsoy, 1996) Glaser and co-authors of new findings of advances in vehicle technology explained that the system has to take into account when the vehicle dynamics of forward and side-to-side motion are not excessive. When some of the necessary data for detection algorithms are not available from measurements, then an extended...
Words: 526 - Pages: 3
...Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Manuals and Guides 52 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission TSUNAMI RISK ASSESSMENT ANDMITIGATION FOR THE INDIAN OCEAN KNOWING YOUR TSUNAMI RISK – AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT June 2009 UNESCO 1 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Manuals and Guides 52 knowing your tsunami risk – and what to do about it Tsunami risk assessment and mitigation for the Indian Ocean; The designation employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO in particular concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this manual and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Designer: Eric Loddé For bibliographic purposes, this document should be cited as follows: Tsunami risk assessment and mitigation for the Indian Ocean; knowing your tsunami risk – and what to do about it IOC Manual and Guides No. 52, Paris: UNESCO, 2007 (English). Printed by UNESCO (IOC/2009/MG/52) © UNESCO IOC 2009 Tsunami risk assessment and mitigation for the Indian Ocean; knowing your tsunami risk – and what to do about it 3 Table of contents Acknowledgement ...........................................
Words: 47633 - Pages: 191
