...Objectives: Students will be able to 1. explain why the basic structure of society in eastern Europe became different from that of western Europe in the early modern period 2. describe how eastern absolutism worked and why it came about 3. examine who ruled the absolutist states in Austria and Prussia and how they maintained that power 4. discuss the significance of the Turkish invasion and the world of peasants Opener: Pass up your review questions you completed for homework Active Learning: • Student lead discussions on status of peasants and absolutism in Austria and Prussia Direct Instruction: o Powerpoint “Absolutism in Central Europe” Assessment: • Based on class discussion and your note packet answer the questions on Chapter 17 Homework: • Finish answering the review questions Name:______________________ Block:_____________ Chapter 17: Absolutism in Eastern Europe 1. What were the reasons for the re-emergence of serfdom in eastern Europe in the early modern period? 2. Why would the reign of the Great Elector be regarded as “the most crucial constitutional struggle in Prussian history for hundreds of years?” What did he do to increase royal authority? Who were the losers? 3. Prussia has traditionally been considered one of the most militaristic states in Europe. How do you explain this development? Who or what was responsible? ...
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...Communism, just the mention if the word brings fear to the heart. Thoughts of dictatorship, control, persecution, and socialism fill the mind. Communism ruled the eastern half of Europe for about seventy years. Westerners wondered what really was taking place in the region. The Iron Curtain separated the eastern half of the continent from the rest of the world. A war for power and control was taking place. Socialism was drilled into the inhabitants of the dictator controlled countries. But, in 1991 it was said to have fallen. The Soviet Union did fall, but communism has not completely faded away. It has a lasting impact on the people that lived through it. The first communist international organization was founded in about 1836 by a group of German workers. Communism, a branch of socialism, envisages a society where there is equality for all people. The equality is achieved by distributing equal wealth to all the members of the society; thus making everyone at par with the other. The father of communism Karl Marx and Friedrich Angels, changed the political sphere of the world. Some regarded communism as a Utopian idealism that can never be attained in a society while its proponents believed that it was the answer to all their miseries and sufferings. The communist supporters believed in declaring an open war on their opposition, and this is clear from the most popular last lines of the manifesto: "The Communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly declare that...
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...proposal for the business it shows investor that they are serious about the business. The business plan will speak for the individual far better than they would be able to verbally. Kurt and John are individuals that want to launch a magazine in Eastern Europe. The business idea is a sound idea however Kurt and John are unsure if the current business plan that they have will spark the interest of any investors. Kurt and John are looking for some assistance with the business plan how they can improve the one that they currently have. Business Plan Outline When creating a business plan there a number of things that need to be included in the business plan to insure the success of business. The first thing that needs to be included is the executive summary. The summary will be an overview of the intents of the business. The executive summary basically is a short version of the business proposal. The executive summary should be informative; generally when investors look at a business plan the first thing that is read is the executive summary. Investor normally can tell from the summary if they are interested in the business. In the Kurt and John Bauer case they would need to include how they want to launch a business in Eastern Europe and the different strategies plans for an international business A business plan should also include a description of the business. The business description needs to be extremely descriptive do not assume that the reader will fill in the blanks...
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...Who started the cold war and why? The Cold War was started by the principal victors of World War II: the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and to a lesser extent Britain. The Cold War was essentially an ideological struggle which but soon adopted all facets of full international conflict with its geopolitical, economic and also scientific-technological aspects. The earliest stages of the Cold War coincided with the final defeats of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in the first half of 1945. Both Communists and Capitalists were anxious to fill the power vacuums that the defeated Axis powers were leaving behind in Central Europe and the Pacific. From the setting of the scene at Yalta in February 1945, to the embittered conclusion of the Warsaw Pact on 14th May 1955, the worst obstacle to achieving a peace settlement was a mutual and deep-seated sense of suspicion, which the powers on either side of the 'Iron Curtain' must be held responsible for. "Twenty years ago I strove with all the energy in my power against Communism, because at that time I considered Communism, with its idea of world revolution, the greatest danger to the British Empire ... Nowadays German Nazism, with its idea of the world hegemony of Berlin, constitutes the greatest danger for the British Empire ... If the danger for the British Empire from the side of Fascism were to disappear and the danger from the side of Communism were to rise again, I - I say this absolutely...
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...The two articles that I have chosen to analyse deal with travel stress among business people and their career options and aspirations. “Executive travel stress: Perils of the road warrior” by Richard S DeFrank, Robert Konopaske, John M Ivancevich focuses on the concept of travel stress at the executive level, including the sources and the potential impact of stress before, during, and after travel. It also offers practical information for both organisations and individuals about how to prevent and deal with executive travel stress (DeFrank, Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2000). Managers have to travel nowadays more than ever before. Due to a fast globalisation process, executives have to be in several different places (i.e. countries, even continents) in a very small period of time. Michael Bonsignore, the CEO of Honeywell, explains that travel brings along not only negative factors such as sleep deprivation, time pressure and delays, unavoidable changes in eating habits but it has also advantages (DeFrank et al, 2000:58). “I learn a hell of a lot more doing this than sitting in my office reading historical information… Today we can’t be making decisions based on historical information because things are changing too fast” (DeFrank et al, 2000:58) said Michael Bonsignore. Apart this, travel represents a very important way for executive to learn new business techniques while travelling and even come up with new product ideas. According to a survey (DeFrank et al, 2000:59) taken in...
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...Contents Entering the retail sector in Central Europe Tesco’s expansion into the Czech Republic International Marketing 2006 Séverine Delaporte Ilona Juřenová Lizhu Ren David Towers MIB 21a Entering the retail sector in Central Europe 0 of 25 Contents 1 Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Contents Abstract Introduction to the Central and Eastern European market Trends in the retail industry 4.1 Retail in CEE countries 4.2 Reasons to expand retail abroad 4.3 CEE countries – retailers’ paradise Tesco’s market entry strategy 5.1 Entry modes 5.2 Tesco’s marketing strategy in the Czech Republic 5.2.1 Focusing on customers needs and wants without losing identity 5.2.2 A multi-format strategy: an adapted distribution policy 5.2.3 Local products that fit customers’ tastes 5.2.4 Aggressive pricing strategy 5.2.5 Adapted communication 5.2.6 Adding value through service 5.2.7 Adapting to changes in the macro-environment 5.3 Evaluation of Tesco’s success within the Czech Republic 5.3.1 The Czech success 5.3.2 Problems within the Czech market 5.3.3 The future within the Czech Republic 5.4 Consumer perceptions of Tesco from the UK and the Czech Republic Conclusion Appendix 7.1 Czech Republic Questionnaires 7.2 UK Questionnaires Bibliography Entering the retail sector in Central Europe 1 2 3 5 5 5 6 8 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 14 15 15 17 18 18 21 23 1 of 25 Abstract 2 ...
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...expanded during the past decade. Long associated primarily with East-West trade, they appear to be spreading to other areas. The international community, however, has not been effective in addressing these practices which are, in large measure, contrary to the basic tenets of free and multilateral trade. The Eastern countries had refused to discuss the matter with their trading partners until a meeting with Western countries at the U.N. Economic Commission for Europe (Geneva) in November 1981. Unfortunately, this meeting ended in a deadlock. In light of the fundamental differences between centralized Eastern European economies and the decentralized Western markets, it is not surprising that the two sides have divergent opinions on countertrade. The Eastern European countries are almost unanimously in favor of such deals, the inference being that they find countertrade mainly to their advantage. Western opinion of countertrade, however, has been mostly unfavorable. 2. Reasons why the Eastern European countries find countertrade attractive With few exceptions (e.g. Hungary), there has been no public discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of countertrade in the Eastern European countries. The ambiguity of the terms used, especially the confusion between industrial and commercial compensation, hinders constructive discussion. East- * This note presents a brief outline of the main advantages and disadvantages of trade in the form of compensation deals. The arguments for and...
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...STAG TOURISM IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE STAG TOURISM IN EASTERN EUROPE STAG TOURISM IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE Table of contents. 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………… 2 2. Problem Statement…………………………………………………………………………...2 3. Methodology. …………………………………………………………………………………..3 4. Findings…………………………………………………………………………………………...5 5. Stag Tourism Destination as Place……………………………………………………. 6 6. Stag Tourism Destination as Space…………………………………………………….9 7. Advantages and Disadvantages……………………………………………………… 11 8. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………..14 9. List of References…………………………………………………………………………..14 Page 1 of 15 STAG TOURISM IN EASTERN EUROPE STAG TOURISM IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE 1. INTRODUCTION. The market of tourist services, like any other, subject to certain, specific trends that is easily susceptible to fluctuations and depends on a number of social phenomena and processes of a truly non-market (demographic processes, changes in lifestyle, fashion, environmental and political risks, etc..). In this situation the special role plays information. It allows for the fashion direction to formulate a kind of social policy. In the case of tourism, it is an essential element of economic development. Tourism is in fact one of the few sectors of the economy in which business operators for profit formed only infrastructure needed for customers to enjoy the benefits of "property" in common: the landscape and cultural heritage material. At the turn of...
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...Political And Economical Developments Asia Europe [Writer Name] [Institute Name] [Date] international managment In this paper, provide a descriptive title or heading for your paper by focusing on topics or countries that interest you (such as “Political and Economical Developments in the Asian or European Systems”), and then discuss the following concepts: 1) Explain in detail why and how the political systems of countries differ; 2) discuss how the legal systems of countries differ; 3) explain what determines the level of economic development of a nation; 4) discuss with examples the macro-political and economic changes taking place worldwide; and 5) analyze how transition economies are moving towards market based systems. You can use specific continents, countries, or country as your focus. Political And Economical Developments Asia Europe There has been of course many changes since 1989. To understand this we should analyze how the situation before the revolution. Before 1989 there was no political freedom. There were elections, but there was only one candidate, down from the city councils up to the MPs, all of them were nominated by an almighty party. The most powerful man was not president, neither Prime minister, but the leader of the party. He was also responsible to the leader of the party in USSR. There was no freedom of religion; every priest had to be issued a special admission to work as one. The Bishops were nominated, the orders were denied. People were not allowed...
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...Central and Eastern European countries like Poland and Romania are strong spots on the global outsourcing map Globalization & Integration Group Project Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 3 Poland 4 Significant savings costs 5 Ability and quality of resources 5 Low risk location 5 Culture Similarity 6 Investment Climate 6 article 7 Romania 8 Government support and business environment 9 Quality of the language and educational skills 9 Low labor costs 10 Culture 10 Intellectual property security and privacy 10 article 11 Comparison 12 Cost competiveness 12 Resources and skills 13 Economic competitiveness 13 Regulation 13 Corruption perception 14 Legal protection 14 Conclusion 14 References 14 Abstract In this paper, we discuss why are the Eastern European countries like Romania and Poland potential destination for outsourcing. Given an economic condition, Geographical advantage, business environment and quality issue explanation of each country. Both countries are economically competitive in outsourcing market in Eastern Europe, promptly emerging as a favorite destination. Introduction Outsourcing is a practice used externally...
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...8 Opportunities 8 Central Challenge 8 Social Media/Web Presence SWOT Diagram 9 Brand Statement: 9 Audience 9 Tailored Message 9 Messenger 9 Channels to Engage 9 Organizational development Recommendations 10 About Our Organization Mission: We are a Christian organization serving children, families and elderly people suffering poverty and oppression. Through practical and spiritual support we give hope by meeting urgent needs and building self-sufficient communities. "Reaching people for Christ: helping thousands of people out of poverty into a sustainable future" Called to Mission We do this work because we believe we have been called by God to help the poor and needy. Our work is currently focused on six Eastern European countries: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania and Ukraine. We work with thousands of children and families across the region working through local churches, volunteers and our own specialist staff. Values: * We are a Christian organization. We do this work because we believe that we have been called to it. * MWB employs only local staff, as they know local requirements and their own culture best. This enables us to identify and address the most important needs, while supporting the local economy. * We want to make a sustainable difference to the lives of those we help. We encourage self-help, provide training, help people to make changes because this is more sustainable and...
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...people from Eastern European countries will usually say "You would better not ask, life sucks" or something similar. Eastern Europeans love to talk about misfortunes that they have to deal with. This seems almost like a social norm and accepted custom to complain about life and your personal problems. Depending on a relationship with you they will open up and recite a more or less detailed list of their troubles. It seems safer to talk about negative aspects of life with other people. Why? Because nobody envies you if your life seems to be a drama. In Poland it was common to talk about adversities, bad luck and all kinds of disasters in communism era. It was a social norm to complain about anything and everything including the regim. At that time people needed to vent their frustration and grumbling about their lack of freedom and other difficulties was an expression of that vexation. But apparently they still love to complain even though the times changed. In United States it is different. On surface everyone is doing great, there is a smile on the face and a nonchalant "I am great" response. It takes a real friend to confine that things are falling apart in your life. On the outside though you must keep appearances, pretend the life goes on like in my favorite of all times song by Freddie Mercury "The Show Must Go On". It took me a long time to get to a point where my relationship with American friends was strong enough to venture into a more personal questions. Friend vs...
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...European M&A Construction Monitor Trends for 2011–2013: Defaults, Deleveraging, Diversification and DBFM Deloitte Real Estate – European M&A Construction Monitor 2012 December 2012 European M&A Construction Monitor is a publication edited and distributed by Deloitte. Director Jurriën Veldhuizen, partner Real Estate, The Netherlands Kees Zachariasse, M&A partner Real Estate, The Netherlands Coordinated by Harm Drent Hinse Boonen Steven Vrendenbarg Laurens Kil Contact Real Estate Department, Deloitte Netherlands Phone: +88 288 3281 Fax: +88 288 9752 December 2012 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Looking back 3. Going forward 4. European construction and infrastructure group contacts 5 6 12 19 European M&A Construction Monitor Trends for 2011–2013: Defaults, Deleveraging, Diversification and DBFM 3 4 1. Introduction Market trends: Defaults, deleveraging, diversification and DBFM The number of deals decreased in 2011 compared with 2010. Uncertainty in the market was a major factor for this decline. Although uncertainty remains omnipresent in 2012, M&A activity is expected to increase, even though the average deal size will be smaller compared with previous years. Small and medium-sized companies are the main targets, provided they are of interest to the limited number of larger construction companies active in the European M&A market. Survival techniques – including deleveraging, diversification and reorganisations – have been and will continue to be applied...
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...democratic mission of America was brought forth and the words carved into the Statue of liberty “Give me your tired, your poor, your Huddled masses yearning to breathe free..” or the “American dream” showed once again to be the mission of the American/Western society. Post-war America, a more industrialized nation by then, started the globalization movement of a renewed capitalist society. After the war, America had a foothold in each corner of the world; this was the first time in history that the whole world could be impacted by the ideas of one nation and its allies. With the increase in globalization; new, postmodern issues presented themselves to western civilizations; issues which were not encountered since the Romanization period of Europe. The new, postmodern world was a macro view of an older, more micro world which was dependent on “states” being independent of the world around them. The more liberal views and tolerance towards religious freedom and the American integration of the world and same sex marriages was proven to be the catalyst for a new more expansive world in the 20th and 21st century. Integration of cultures is not unfamiliar. American and Western societies were based on an older practical model that had been used since Sumerians, one of the first civilizations of the Neolithic period. The Roman Empire perfected culture integration in order to make the Empire stronger and more diverse. A fact easily proven by the fact that most Holy Roman Empires from...
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...ORGANISATIONS IN EUROPE EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Education and Culture Directorate C: Lifelong learning: higher education and international affairs European Institute of Innovation and Technology; economic partnership Public open tender EAC/37/2009: CONTENTS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Scope of report Introduction to UBC Elements in the UBC Ecosystem 5 5 5 5 AIMS & METHODOLOGY Introduction Objective Process for selection Basis for selection Countries considered in the selection of the cases Case study partners 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 CASE STUDIES Case study key insights Classification of countries Nature of case study Case study quick-find 10 10 12 12 13 NORTHERN Europe Case 1: SEA, Denmark Case 2: ETM, Estonia Case 3: Demola, Finland Case 4: REAP, Ireland Case 5: Mobility at UL, Latvia Case 6: CSE, Sweden Case 7: SMIL, Sweden Case 8: SPEED, UK Case 9: IDI/Digital City, UK Case 10: Acua Limited, UK 18 19 25 30 35 41 46 52 57 63 70 76 80 84 90 96 EASTERN EUROPE Case 11: GIS, Bulgaria Case 12: TTO Pécs, Hungary Case 13: The Science and Economy Project, Poland Case 14: WCTT, Poland Case 15: Q-PlanNet, Romania 75 1 © Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre CONTENTS SOUTHERN EUROPE Case 16: MUHC, Malta Case 17: PNICube, Italy Case 18: TTO Milano, Italy Case 19: InnoCash, Spain Case 20: INNOVA, Spain Case 21: INNPACTO, Spain 102 103 108 113 117 122 127 133 140 145 150 155 160 167 173 178 WESTERN EUROPE Case...
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