...This account of the history of Greek life traces the beginings of the organizations that have come today to be known as Greek Fraternities and Sororities. This history was compiled from Baird's 20th Edition, Manual of American College Fraternities. The information concerning the origins and early uses of the words fraternity and sorority may be useful in fully understand the history of Greek Life. In the mid to late nineteenth century, students began forming their own groups to debate and discuss current events and literature. This was largely a reaction toward the strict curriculum set forth by their colleges. Students wanted to learn about a greater variety of topics than were offered in the classroom, explore other academic venues in more detail than time allotted for with their professors during class time, and be able to express themselves freely. Hence began the first organized, modern day debating and literary societies. Some universities fostered these organizations by encouraging students to think for themselves. Inevitably, the students in these groups began to form deeper relationships and depend on each other for more than just an intellectually stimulating conversation. Through the end of the nineteenth century, intellectualness was still the center of fraternity life, but the members also made plenty of time to organize parties, sports events, dances and so on. The Chapter House The members of these groups sometimes lived together in college dorms or boarding...
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...as readily adopted, open-source operating systems offer viable alternatives to closed-source. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages associated with them. Closed-source software development more closely resembles the business philosophy used by other industries. Closed-source operating systems are developed by an individual, or team, and made available for purchase to the public. The source-code, however, is never revealed to the public. The product purchased is merely an executable file. The final product cannot legally be modified, sold, or distributed without permission from the copyright owner. In essence, purchasing a closed-source operating system allows the end user to use the software, but there is no tangible ownership given. They cannot freely modify their purchase. In order to stay competitive, and avoid such things as illegal copying, the source code is kept secret within the organization and is protected much like trade secrets in other industries. There are many advantages to using a...
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...Trade secret In regards of Schlossberger’s suggestion that the duty to respect trade secrets has limit and is overridden, it seem more emphasizing in whistle blowing aspect. So the question rises that under what conditions is whistle blowing moral justified? In my opinion, it does not matter what one’s obligations or confidentiality agreements, one is never exempt from the general obligations we have to our fellow human beings. One of the most fundamental of these obligations is not to cause harm to others. In particular, obligations of confidentiality and loyalty cannot take precedence over the fundamental duty to act in ways that prevent unnecessary harm to others. Agreements to keep something secret should have no moral standing unless that secret is morally justifiable itself. Such agreements should be morally void if the organization is engaged in illegal or immoral activities. In that case, one’s obligation to the public overrides one’s obligation to maintain secrecy. For example, one cannot have an obligation to keep secret a conspiracy to murder someone, because murder is an immoral act. It is for this reason also that employees have a legal obligation to report an employer who has committed or is about to commit a felony. For the same reason, an employee cannot justify participation in an illegal or immoral activity by arguing that one was merely following orders. Some people have argued that whistle blowing is never justified because employees have absolute obligations...
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...International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013) Applying Security to Data Using Symmetric Encryption in MANET Amol Bhosle1, Yogadhar Pandey2 Department of Computer science & Engineering,SIRT Bhopal Abstract-- Mobile ad-hoc network is wireless network composed of different nodes communicate with each other without having to establish infrastructure. The security of such network is a major concern. To improve the security of such network, technique proposed here is securing routing protocol AODV through the use of Symmetric Encryption algorithm AES. This secures the data as well as preserves the confidentiality. Further future work to be carried as of node authentication using IP address and using the AODV routing protocol and digital signature scheme. Keywords-- Mobile ad-hoc, symmetric encryption algorithm, confidentiality, AODV, Digital signature, IP address The nodes involved in a MANET should collaborate amongst themselves and each node acts as a relay as needed, to implement functions e.g. security and routing. C] Multihop Routing: Basic types of ad hoc routing algorithms can be singlehop and multihop, based on different link layer attributes and routing protocols. Single-hop MANET is simpler than multihop in terms of structure and implementation, with the cost of lesser functionality and applicability. When delivering data packets from...
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...immaturity showed about aestheticism; however, I could not find a solid way to prove my thesis. My greatest problem was being unsure of how writing a paper based on a research problem in The Picture of Dorian Gray constituted a researchable argument and not just a literary analysis. Hoping to gain a different perspective on the assignment, I met with fellow classmates to talk out my problem. It turned out that they were having the same issue with their essays, and through discussing my paper with them, I realized that my topic was too narrow to be easily supported by sources; the idea of Dorian growing older without growing up was interesting but could not easily be supported with sources outside the novel itself. With this in mind, I modified my thesis, claiming that though Dorian Gray demonstrates aesthetic behavior in The Picture of Dorian Gray, his fascination with artistic things serves less to pursue aestheticism and more to evade his dark past. In this manner, I argued, Dorian could be considered more of an escapist than an aesthete. At last I had an argument that could easily be supported by sources on aestheticism (e.g. Talia Schaffer’s and Walter Houghton’s work); this made writing my first draft much easier than before and allowed me to focus on the essay’s flow and style. Writing “Dorian Gray the Escape Artist” was no easy task, and I often felt...
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...Securing Information Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES C H A P T E R 7 STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing this chapter, you will be able to answer the following questions: 1. Why are information systems vulnerable to destruction, error, and abuse? What is the business value of security and control? What are the components of an organizational framework for security and control? What are the most important tools and technologies for safeguarding information resources? 2. 3. 4. ISBN 1-256-42913-9 232 Essentials of MIS, Ninth Edition, by Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. C HAPTER O UTLINE Chapter-Opening Case: Boston Celtics Score Big Points Against Spyware 7.1 System Vulnerability and Abuse 7.2 Business Value of Security and Control 7.3 Establishing a Framework for Security and Control 7.4 Technologies and Tools for Protecting Information Resources 7.5 Hands-on MIS Projects Business Problem-Solving Case: Are We Ready for Cyberwarfare? BOSTON CELTICS SCORE BIG POINTS AGAINST SPYWARE While the Boston Celtics were fighting for a spot in the playoffs several years ago, another fierce battle was being waged by its information systems. Jay Wessel, the team’s vice president of technology, was trying to score points against computer spyware. Wessel and his IT staff manage about 100 laptops issued to coaches and scouts, and sales, marketing, and finance employees, and these...
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...The World Bank ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Week 1: Business Ethics and International Responsibility - Discussion This week's graded topics relate to the following Terminal Course Objectives (TCOs): A | Given an organizational requirement to conform business practices to both the law and best ethical practices, apply appropriate ethical theories to shape a business decision. | I | Given specified circumstances of a business decision to expand to international markets, determine what international legal requirements or regulatory controls apply. | | Click on the links in the "Topics" section to view the discussion topics. Then, click "Respond" to add your thoughts to the discussion thread. | Topics | Introductions (not graded, but required) | The World Bank Situation (graded) | Ethics and Patent Rights Post 9/11 (graded) | Q & A Forum (not graded) | | The World Bank Situation (graded) | Class, please read Chapter 2, problem 5 from the Jennings text, p. 72. This week, we will discuss the Wolfowitz situation at the World Bank. Consider the questions at the end of the problem as you make comments in the threads this week. What are the ethics here? Was Wolfowitz trying to do the right thing? Does that make a difference ethically? Throughout the week, I will bring in further questions. Be sure to read the lecture and the international ethics article stated in your reading for the week as well. Rather...
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...Installation Guidelines GRUB/LILO GRUB is the boot loader of choice for RedHat installations; however LILO may always be used in the case of most flavors of LINUX. GRUB/LILO can receive many different kernel level commands and it poses a major security risk if an attacker is able to compromise the kernel. In response you can make sure that only authorized users are able to perform those commands by password protecting during the installation process. If using GRUB, the password is by default stored as clear text, and so you will want modify the /etc/grub.conf file to store the password in an MD5 checksum. $ /sbin/grub–md5–crypt Password: (at the prompt enter the GRUB password you created at installation and press enter) $ #%t%661GFGftffgctTFTDd (This is the MD5 hash) edit the grub.conf file and replace the clear text password with the MD5 Hash. You must use the –MD5 option or the password will be stored as the MD5 Hash and not the encrypted password. Password – md5 $1$m0tLR/ $#%t%661GFGftffgctTFTDd Partitioning Partitioning correctly will help to mitigate against one specific type of denial of service. For example and attack designed to fill up a /tmp or spool directory. If your files are on the same partition as the directory under attack, your system could be rendered unusable. One should use a partition strategy where those directories that are most likely to be filled by an attacker. Typically this is /var and /home . If you are using a server for ftp or e–mail, you...
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...Wiki Loves Monuments: Photograph a monument, help Wikipedia and win! Production theory From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Production theory is the study of production, or the economic process of converting inputs into outputs. Production uses resources to create a good or service that is suitable for use, gift-giving in a gift economy, or exchange in a market economy. This can include manufacturing, storing, shipping, and packaging. Some economists define production broadly as all economic activity other than consumption. They see every commercial activity other than the final purchase as some form of production. Production is a process, and as such it occurs through time and space. Because it is a flow concept, production is measured as a “rate of output per period of time”. There are three aspects to production processes: 1. the quantity of the good or service produced, 2. the form of the good or service created, 3. The temporal and spatial distribution of the good or service produced. A production process can be defined as any activity that increases the similarity between the pattern of demand for goods and services, and the quantity, form, shape, size, length and distribution of these goods and services available to the market place. Contents * 1 Neoclassical Theory of Production * 1.1 Factors of production * 1.2 Total, average, and marginal product * 1.3 Diminishing returns * 1.4 Diminishing marginal returns...
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...BEHAVIORAL FIANCNE AND WEALTH MANAGEMENT AUTHOR : MICHAEL M. POMPiaN BEHAVIORAL FIANCNE AND WEALTH MANAGEMENT AUTHOR : MICHAEL M. POMPiaN BOOK REVIEW OF : BOOK REVIEW OF : PREPARED BY : ASHISH SHARMA PREPARED BY : ASHISH SHARMA 2014 2014 Behavioral Finance and Wealth Management Author Information “Michael M. Pompian, CFA, CFP, is a partner at Mercer Investment Consulting, a firm serving institutional and private wealth clients. Prior to joining Mercer, he was a wealth management advisor with Merrill Lynch and PNC Private Bank, and served on the investment staff of a family office. Pompian is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), a Certified Financial Planner (CFP), and a Certified Trust Financial Advisor (CTFA). He is also a member of the CFA Institute (formerly AIMR) and the New York Society of Security Analysts (NYSSA). He holds a BS in management from the University of New Hampshire and an MBA in finance from Tulane University. Pompian is a regular speaker on the subject of behavioral finance and has published several articles on the subject. He is married with three sons and can be reached at michael.pompian@mercer.com. “ Michael M. Pompian describes various biases which we can see in human beings , also tells about various experiments on human beings in his book “ BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE AND WEALTH MANAGEMENT “ and tells “HOW TO BUILD OPTIMAL PORTFOLIOS THAT ACCOUNTS FOR INVESTOR BIASES “ The book is published...
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...Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edition 3 By George Coulouris, Jean Dollimore and Tim Kindberg Addison-Wesley, ©Pearson Education 2001 Chapter 1 1.1 Exercise Solutions Give five types of hardware resource and five types of data or software resource that can usefully be shared. Give examples of their sharing as it occurs in distributed systems. 1.1 Ans. Hardware: CPU: compute server (executes processor-intensive applications for clients), remote object server (executes methods on behalf of clients), worm program (shares cpu capacity of desktop machine with the local user). Most other servers, such as file servers, do some computation for their clients, hence their cpu is a shared resource. memory: cache server (holds recently-accessed web pages in its RAM, for faster access by other local computers) disk: file server, virtual disk server (see Chapter 8), video on demand server (see Chapter 15). screen: Network window systems, such as X-11, allow processes in remote computers to update the content of windows. printer: networked printers accept print jobs from many computers. managing them with a queuing system. network capacity: packet transmission enables many simultaneous communication channels (streams of data) to be transmitted on the same circuits. Data/software: web page: web servers enable multiple clients to share read-only page content (usually stored in a file, but sometimes generated on-the-fly). file: file servers enable multiple clients to share...
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...Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman Introduction by Lawrence Lessig Edited by Joshua Gay GNU Press www.gnupress.org Free Software Foundation Boston, MA USA First printing, first edition. Copyright © 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ISBN 1-882114-98-1 Published by the Free Software Foundation 59 Temple Place Boston, MA Tel: 1-617-542-5942 Fax: 1-617-542-2652 Email: gnu@gnu.org Web: www.gnu.org GNU Press is an imprint of the FSF. Email: press@gnu.org Web: www.gnupress.org Please contact the GNU Press for information regarding bulk purchases for classroom or user group use, reselling, or any other questions or comments. Original artwork by Etienne Suvasa. Cover design by Jonathan Richard. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this book provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this book into another language, from the original English, with respect to the conditions on distribution of modified versions above, provided that it has been approved by the Free Software Foundation. i Short Contents Editor’s Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 A Note on Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Topic Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...developed the unique marketing concept of Red Bull. In 1987, on April 1, Red Bull Energy Drink was sold for the very first time in its home market Austria. This was not only the launch of a completely new product, in fact it was the birth of a totally new product category. Today Red Bull is available in more than 166 countries and around 40 billion cans of Red Bull have been consumed so far. As of the end of 2013, Red Bull employed 9,694 people in 166 countries - compared to the end of 2012 when we had 8,966 employees in 165 countries. In terms of further expansion, Red Bull is targeting the core markets of Western Europe and the USA and growth markets in the Far East, while also focusing on the ongoing world-wide roll-out of the Red Bull Editions. In spite of the still uncertain financial and global economic climate, our plans for growth and investment in 2014 remain very ambitious, envisage a...
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...AM FL Y TE Team-Fly® 29 Leadership Secrets from Jack Welch Abridged from Get Better or Get Beaten, SECOND EDITION Robert Slater McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-141684-6 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-140937-8 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights...
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...www.GetPedia.com National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration U.S. Department of Commerce An Introduction to Computer Security: The NIST Handbook Special Publication 800-12 User Issues Assurance Contingency Planning I&A Training Personnel Access Controls Audit Planning Risk Management Crypto Physical Security Policy Support & Operations Program Management Threats Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Important Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal Foundation for Federal Computer Security Programs . 3 3 4 5 7 Chapter 2 ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER SECURITY 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Computer Security Supports the Mission of the Organization. 9 Computer Security is an Integral Element of Sound Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Computer Security Should Be Cost-Effective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Computer Security Responsibilities and Accountability Should Be Made Explicit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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