...to protect people from bacteria, actually has very adverse effects after long term exposure. Not only is it used as an antibacterial compound, but as a pesticide as well. It is prominent in many products around the world making the issue of triclosan a global issue. Triclosan was first introduced to fight bacteria to supposedly keep people safer and prevent germs and the spreading of germs. (“Antibacterial Soap? You Can Skip It,” 2016). Since the discovery of the negative effects of triclosan, the FDA has issued a ban on its use in consumer products (Kodjak 2016). Science: Some of the negative effects of triclosan are that it has the ability to diminish muscle strength and disturb the regular functions of hormone cycles. (Kodjak, 2016)....
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...Endocrine disruptors Max Powers Describe endocrine disrupters. Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that can interfere with the hormonal system in humans, and other species of animals. (Endocrine Disruptors , 2016) Even at low levels of dosage, endocrine disruptors can cause cancerous tumors, birth defects, and other developmental disorders. Endocrine disruptors can severely harm to any system in the body controlled by hormones by interfering with the natural behavior of those hormones. Commonly, endocrine disruptors are associated with the development of learning disabilities, cognitive and brain development problems; deformity of the body (including limbs); certain cancers; and sexual development problems such as feminizing of males or masculinizing effects on females. Exposure to endocrine disruptors can be found in inhaling of household products, additives added to products such as plastics, and exposure to contaminated food treated with man-made chemicals. Because of endocrine disrupters, why did Congress amend the Food Quality Protection Act and the Safe Water Drinking Act in 1996? Congress amended the FQPA and safe water drinking act in 1996 to provide a directive for more testing to the chemicals that were being put in the water and food sources. Making information more transparent about the pesticides and substances used and providing a standard of using chemicals that caused little to no harm to the consumer. The amending of the directives especially addressed...
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...Bisphensol A and It’s Side Effects to the Nervous and Endocrine System Anatomy and Physiology 201 November 7, 2012 Abstract Bisphensol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound that is used to produce plastics. This chemical has been used to make plastics since the 1950’s. BPA is made from chemicals that mimic the sex hormone “Estradiol.” Estradiol is a sex hormone found in both female and male. Therefore, BPA is known to be an endocrine disruptor; it is a compound that exits everywhere in the environment and also in the human body. There have been many meetings with the discussion of studies about BPA causing numerous diseases to the human body. These meetings were held with a diverse collection of researchers which include: wildlife biologists, endocrinologists, reproductive physiologists, and toxicologists. The endocrine system is one of the organ systems dedicated to maintaining internal coordination of the human body, which communicates by means of chemical messenger or hormones secreted into the blood. New research has been exposed to show that a low dose of BPA has an association to adverse health effects, which include reproductive abnormalities, obesity, neurobehavioral problems, prostate and breast cancer. Bisphensol A and The Nervous and Endocrine System Bisphensol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical that is used to produce plastics. This chemical has been used to make plastics since the 1950’s. BPA is made from chemicals that mimic the sex hormone estradiol...
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...dioxin, are known to cause an array of serious health problems, including cancers and endocrine disruption. Of the more than 75,000 chemicals registered with the Environmental Protection Agency, only a fraction have gone through complete testing to find out whether they might cause problems for human health. Many that are produced in enormous quantities have never been tested at all. Usually, it takes dramatic episodes of workplace injuries or wildlife poisonings, combined with rigorous scientific proof of harm and public outcry, before the government will act to restrict or ban any chemical. And that is no accident. The current regulatory system allows synthetic chemicals into our lives unless proven beyond doubt to be dangerous. Terms Dioxins are not intentionally manufactured. They are unintentionally formed as byproducts of chemical processes involving chlorine, such as the manufacture of pesticides and the bleaching of paper. The manufacture and incineration of plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC, commonly used in consumer product packaging and medical devices) is another major source of dioxin. Two of the most serious health effects of dioxin exposure are cancer and endocrine disruption. The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and hormones that regulate many of the body's functions including growth, development, and maturation, and the way various organs operate. The endocrine glands –- including the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, and...
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...A variety of chemicals have been shown to disrupt female reproductive function throughout the lifespan in laboratory animals and humans (e.g., diethylstilbestrol). These effects include the disruption of normal sexual differentiation, ovarian function (i.e., follicular growth, ovulation, corpus luteum formation and maintenance), fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy. Only a few agents are associated with direct interference with the endocrine reproductive axis. Examples are those with estrogenic activity or the potential to interact with the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. Exposure to toxicants during development is of particular concern because many feedback mechanisms functioning in the adult are absent and adverse effects may be noted at doses lower than those observed in the adult. Endometriosis is a painful reproductive and immunologic disease of women characterized by aberrant location of uterine endometrial cells. It affects approximately 5 million women in the United States from 15 to 45 years of age and often causes infertility. The etiology of this disease is unknown. In a single study with a small number of animals, research has suggested a link between dioxin exposure and the development of endometriosis in rhesus monkeys. The severity of this lesion was dependent on the dose administered. Recently, a small pilot study to test the hypothesis that serum dioxin concentrations have an association with human endometriosis has been reported. No statistically significant...
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...were expressing their anxieties on the streets and this happened to b the largest public American demonstration ever seen in America. Hence prompting President Richard Nixon transmitted Reorganization Plan No. 3 to the United States Congress by executive order, creating the EPA as a single, independent agency from a number of smaller arms of different federal agencies. 2) How did deregulation of industry during the Reagan years affect water quality and the overall power of the environmental protection agency? - By appointing people who were flat out opposed to the mission of the agency (EPA), in an attempt to reorient the policy to favor American Businesses, President Reagan, jeopardized all efforts done by the Epa to protect the environment especially as its size and influence was curbed hence leading to poor water quality and a non effective environmental protection agency. a) What does ‘voluntary compliance’ mean? It was a voluntary program which was aimed at effectively dealing with a multi state pollution problem and yet failed repeatedly leaving unfulfilled the clean water act’s promise to radically reduce water pollution. b) Why do businesses favor voluntary compliance? Businesses simply favored voluntary compliance because it involved fewer regulations and enforcement. So in an attempt to evade responsibility from the pollution, business had to stick with a policy which made rules voluntary and not mandatory, this was made possible with the help of the...
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...Noise Pollution Pollution, what is pollution? Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollution also has different components call Pollutants. (Wikipedia 2012) A pollutant is substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. A pollutant may cause long- or short-term damage by changing the growth rate of plant or animal species, or by interfering with human amenities, comfort, health, or property values. (Wikipedia 2012) There are also different kinds of pollutants like greenhouse gases, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, petroleum and heavy metals. Carbon dioxide and methane are two of the most important of these gases, called greenhouse gases because they trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. This is already causing severe problems around the world and the situation will only get worse. The rising temperatures will likely lead to more severe weather events, which cause shifts in natural communities, and probably lead to greater species extinction rates, among numerous other effects. Pesticides are a broad group of chemicals that enable us to live more comfortable lives by and large, but whose main purpose underlies the central problem with pesticide pollution. They are all poisons. A lot of these chemicals will wash into our rivers and streams...
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...Juan Colon GE217 Composition II Mr. Cardew Final Paper August 30, 2012 Monsanto and Genetically Modified Foods Monsanto is an agricultural biotech corporate giant that genetically modifies animals and crop seeds. On their website, they come across a deeply committed humanitarian organization that provides an ecologically sustainable answer to global hunger and malnutrition. The sad reality is that Monsanto is a wolf in sheep’s clothing, and perhaps one of the most unethical corporate giants in the world today. I will argue that Monsanto is on a power trip, and that they have a hidden agenda that has nothing to do with compassion, ecology or human hunger, and everything to do with greed. In the following paragraphs, I will provide a brief history of Monsanto. Then I will examine some of the promises made in their marketing propaganda, and provide evidence that these promises are little more than blatant lies. Monsanto started out in 1901 developing a highly controversial artificial sweetener called saccharine. Monsanto eventually shifted their focus to genetically modified plants and animals. They are still a major chemical production corporation, developing and marketing Roundup and several other herbicides, Bovine Growth Hormone, and genetically modified seeds. Among the most widely recognized of their genetically modified products include corn, soy and canola. These seeds have a gene inserted that makes them resistant to Monsanto's own herbicide called Roundup. These...
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...Walter 1 Karissa Walter Mrs. Hogan English 102 Paraben Prohibition--Shall it be done? Since 1990, parabens and sulfates have been used as preservatives in cosmetics. Many manufacturers use parabens and sulfates in their products because as preservatives, they extend shelf life. Parabens are also man made preservatives. According to The World Health Organization (WHO), in the 1990's they weren't considered harmful because they weren't used to the extent they are today. In fact, only about 1% of products contained parabens and sulfates. Over the past 25 years the presence of parabens has become more pronounced, to the extent in which they were linked to cancer and other skin problems. Because of the side effects of parabens; I believe that they should be prohibited in the use of products. A paraben is a form of a preservative...
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...Body Burden John Doe Anthropology 200h Professor Smith The environment that we inhabit today is filled with massive quantities of toxic chemicals of all sorts. To be specific, there are more than 80,000 known chemicals floating around us, some naturally occurring and some man-made. We are exposed to chemicals through the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink and clean ourselves in. All of these factors are dependent on the environment we choose to live in, though; a seemingly clean community does not always signify a clean body. Most chemicals have the ability to attach to traveling air, water, or dust and contaminate places far from where they originated, creating a “chemical soup” that our bodies encounter every day. Additionally, humans come in contact with chemicals present in the everyday products we use such as gasoline, paints, make-up, detergent, plastics, and glues. The total amount of these chemicals present in the human body at a single point in time is referred to as your body burden. All humans carry this chemical body burden, and current studies have shown that everyone alive today is a host to at least seven hundred different contaminants. The duration of time these chemicals stay in our bodies for varies for each chemical and the repeated exposure to each respective pollutant. Some chemicals only stay in our bodies for a very short while before they are disposed of in human waste, though, continuous exposures to such elements...
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...section 2. 6. What is nitrogen fixation? 7. How does nitrogen fixation occur? 8. Importance of limiting factors….examples Chapter 6: Biomes and Aquatic ecosystems 1. What is a biome? 2. How are they classified? 3. Choose a biome and know characteristic about that biome. 4. Know how to create a climatogram – know how to plot the temperature and precipitation 5. What is Net Primary Production? What is Gross primary production? How do these terms differ? 6. What effects Net Primary production? Chapter 9: Environmental Health and Video Discussions 1. What are the differnet environmental health hazards? 2. Impacts of fossil fuels on our environment? 3. What is Biomagnification? 4. Difference between primary and secondary air pollutants 5. What is causing the ozone hole? Chapter 17 covers our video Oil Discussions. Chapter 18 Video discussions on Renewable Energy Chapter 19 Discussions on Pollution. What is Eutrophication? What are endochrine disruptors This is included in your study guide. The issues brought up during this discussion will be included on the exam. Frontline: Poisoned Waters 1. When was the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) formed? What events prompted its formation? 2. How did deregulation of industry during the Reagan years affect water quality and the overall power of the Environmental Protection Agency? * What does “voluntary compliance” mean? * Why do businesses favor voluntary compliance...
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...Michael Donma Chem/Tox Research/Term Paper Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Table of Contents Executive Summary………………………………………………………………3 Chemical Name…………………………………………………………………….3 Physical Properties……………………………………………………………….4 Common Uses……………………………………………………………………….5 Exposure Limits…………………………………………………………………….6 Toxicokinetics……………………………………………………………………….6 Acute Effects…………………………………………………………………………7 Chronic Effects………………………………………………………………………8 Personal Protective Equipment……………………………………………..9 Industrial Hygiene sampling………………………………………………..10 Reference……………………………………………………………………………11 Safety Data Sheet ……..……………………………………………………….13 Chemical Name and Executive Summary The chemical I chose to write my paper about is Polychlorinated biphenyl or PCB. Polychlorinated biphenyls were manufactured from 1929 until it was banned in 1979. PCB’s were used in hundreds of things because of their non-flammability, chemical stability, high boiling point, and electrical insulating characteristics. PCB’s range in form from light oil to a heavy wax. The largest producer of PCB was the Monsanto Corporation who marketed it under the trade name, Aroclor. For years and years PCB was thought as a chemical who had unlimited advantages to human life and no negative consequences. It was used any way possible and was discharged just the same way. Many people simply discarded it into rivers, waterways, and landfills. It wasn’t until 1960s when the world began to question the health consequences...
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...evidence, linking synthetic chemicals to aberrant sexual development and behavioral and reproductive problems, such as low sperm counts, infertility, genital deformities, hormonally triggered human cancers, like those of breast and prostate gland, neurological disorders in children such as hyperactivity and deficits in attention. The quality of men's sperm declined steadily in the early years of the 21st century until hardly anyone could reproduce in the normal way. Meanwhile, the countryside was virtually emptied of animals as natural populations crashed. The first signs of the impending catastrophe were noted in the 1990's, but few people then believed that a cocktail of pollutants that mimic human hormones could have such profound effects. So nothing was done until it was too late. Over the last few years, an increasing number of...
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...is classified as ‘bottled water’ or ‘drinking water’ when it meets all applicable federal and state standards, is sealed in a sanitary container and is sold for human consumption” (“Bottled Water FAQS”). To most of us, a bottle of water is a shiny, durable container filled with refreshing water that is consumed every day. However, there is a secret story behind the use of bottled water which contains harmful chemicals to both humans and the environment. Bottled water should be banned because it contains toxic chemicals (1), depletes Earth’s natural resources (2), and is a major source of pollution (3). To begin with, the consumption of water from plastic bottles is dangerous because plastic bottles contain chemicals and release toxins. One of the many chemicals that causes health problems is Bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is an organic synthetic compound commonly found in plastic (1). This chemical acts like hormones and is known to be endocrine disruptors, “which means it mimics or interferes with [the] body’s hormones and disrupts [the] endocrine system,” said Patricia Hunt, a geneticist and Meyer Distinguished Professor in the School of Molecular Biosciences at Washington State University (Mercola). As we drink water from a fancy, plastic container each day, we are ingesting more BPA than ever since the manufacturing of bottled water is popular worldwide. In fact, drinking bottled water is linked from “alterations in fertility to increased risk for cancers and cardiovascular problems...
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...phone or the used up battery cells from your portable CD/MP3 player, they all contribute in some way to environmental pollution and are also hazardous to life. Not only are they biodegradable, but also disposing of them has their own risks as they release harmful toxins into the air and surrounding soil and ground water. All these cause water pollution .! What is water pollution? Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels. It has been suggested that it is the leading word wide cause of deaths and diseases,[1][2] and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.[2] An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day.[3] Some 90% of China's cities suffer from some degree of...
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