...Analyze the Effects of Education on Development of Countries In the past few years, many countries are in the high speed of development process. During this competitive period, the demand for talent worldwide is increasing rapidly. The governments are gradually aware of the importance in investing in education to improve their governance. For instance, around the world 78 percent of children graduated from primary school in 2000, while by 2005 this figure rose to 83 percent (Brown, 2008). Education is now considered at the top priority in a nation’s development. There is not an overstatement that each country needs an education system which is adapted to the condition of a country. Moreover, every country is still mapping out a road towards a proper education system. In this long transition, education has brought many effects to the development on economy, politics and society. This essay will examine each of these three key points individually and consider how education has affected the development of countries. Education is important to the individual’s economy. There is a huge gap between the rich and the poor at present all over the world. Poverty seems to be inherited, and the majority of these poor are the children of people who lived in poverty and are not able to acquire knowledge as equally as the rich peers do. The result of this is that poor children have to struggle to compete with adults to gain jobs. However, there is a solution which is offering poor children...
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...Education and Income Inequality: A Meta-Regression Analysis Abdul Jabbar Abdullah* Hristos Doucouliagos Elizabeth Manning - FIRST DRAFT - Please do not quote without permission from the authors September 2011 Abstract This paper revisits the literature that investigates the effects of education on inequality. Specifically, the paper provides a comprehensive quantitative review of the extant econometrics literature through a meta-regression analysis of 64 empirical studies that collectively report 868 estimates of the effects of education on inequality. We find that education affects the two tails of the distribution of incomes; it reduces the income share of top earners and increases the share of the bottom earners, but has no effect on the share of the middle class. Inequality in education widens income inequality. Education has a larger negative effect on inequality in Africa. The heterogeneity in reported estimates can be largely explained by differences in the specification of the econometric model. JEL Codes: I24, C01 Keywords: Education, inequality, meta-regression analysis Number of words: 12,683 * Corresponding author. Abdullah: Universiti Teknologi Mara Sarawak Campus, Malaysia and PhD Candidate Deakin University, ajabd@deakin.edu.au Doucouliagos: School of Accounting, Economic and Finance, Deakin University, douc@deakin.edu.au Manning: School of Accounting, Economic and Finance, Deakin University, elizabem@deakin.edu.au 1 Education and Income...
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...E-mail: baloch.asma@gmail.com Abstract Training and skills development play a vital role in individual’s productive capacity and are integral part of Human Resource Development (HRD). This study aims to examine the role of training in determination of wages. By utilizing the cross-sectional data from Labor Force Survey 2005-06, results have shown that training is not significant in the determination of wages, which shows the poor quality of training in the overall economy. Results were obtained by Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique. However, schooling and other demographic variables have expected signs and magnitudes. The recommendations of the study based on empirical findings are toward technical education and vocational training institutions; they should ideally have to devise their technical education and vocational training exactly according to the requirements of industry. Empirical results also emphasize to improve the quality of training. Keywords: Wages, Investment in human capital, Training, Cross-section data, Industries, Developing country 1. Introduction Training in general and skills development in particular, not only play a vital role in individual, organizational and overall national economic growth but are integral part of Human Resource Development (HRD). Empirical literature on the subject topic suggests that human capabilities can be improved through better education and training [Haq (2002)]. Education and training are indispensable instruments for improving...
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...Delhi EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION ON EDUCATION AND CULTURE S. Chinnammai University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India rdhakshinamoorthy@hotmail.com Abstract Education is undergoing constant changes under the effects of globalisation. The effects of globalisation on education bring rapid developments in technology and communications are foreseeing changes within learning systems across the world as ideas, values and knowledge, changing the roles of students and teachers, and producing a shift in society from industrialisation towards an information-based society. It reflects the effect on culture and brings about a new form of cultural imperialism. The rise of new cultural imperialism is shaping children, the future citizens of the world into ‘global citizens’, intelligent people with a broad range of skills and knowledge to apply to a competitive, information based society. Globalisation and technological advancements are delivering and increasing access to the world and subsequently subjects should reflect this global outlook. The internationalisation of higher education can be linked to various internal and external changes in the international system. Externally, there have been changes in the labour market, which have resulted in calls for more knowledge and skilled workers, and workers with deeper understandings of languages, cultures and business methods all over the world. Education is becoming more invaluable to individuals. In today's environment, education provides...
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...In the modern world, as competitions between different countries are more and more severe, many countries place special emphasize on education, which includes primary education, secondary education and higher education. The French revolutionary Danton said more than two centuries ago, "After bread, education." Education, especially elementary education, which makes people are able to read and write, is universally recognized as one of the most fundamental building blocks for human development and poverty reduction (World Bank, 2010). The development of a country can be defined to make nation grow stronger and more harmonious. It is measured with the sustaining improvement in the standard of living and the quality of citizens’ life such as income per capita (per person GDP) growing, medical security consummating, having the right to vote, et cetera. It will be argued in this essay that education is beneficial to different countries’ development in the areas of economics, society, politics and technology. Gary (1964) states that the education level of a country determines a country’s knowledge level and human capital which affect the growth of economy. More specifically, education and training of a country's workers are two major factors in determining the success of the country's economy will do. Furthermore, educated workers who are able to read and write always have more accessible way to master the latest technique and they will be more innovative to come up with many creative...
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...MIGRATION, MAINSTREAMING, EDUCATION AND HEALTH 1 ***Draft 2B*** Introduction If well-managed, migration has been recognized by the UN System-wide Task Team’s report Post 2015 Agenda: Realizing the Future We Want for All as an important tool “to ensure that globalization becomes a positive force for all the world’s peoples of present and future generations”. Migration can be an enabler of human development by enhancing people’s income, health and education. An improved standard of education and of physical, mental and social wellbeing not only empowers migrants, but also allows them to substantially contribute towards the social and economic development of their home communities and host societies. However, this can only happen when the rights and wellbeing of all those affected by migration are fulfilled and they are recognized as “positive agents of innovation with human rights.” The post-2015 development agenda concerns more than anyone the generation being born now. Healthy, safe and well-educated children are the cornerstone of thriving societies, sustainable growth and proper management of natural resources. For over a decade, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have widely benefited children, both boys and girls, and young people. However, “there is major unfinished business as well as emerging and neglected issues that must be addressed boldly in the post-2015 development agenda, to ensure a world fit for children”. 2 One of the flaws of the MDGs is that by relying...
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...EDUCATION QUALITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Education Quality and Economic Growth Education Quality and Economic Growth Eric A. Hanushek Ludger Wößmann THE WORLD BANK Washington, DC © 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 5 10 09 08 07 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy...
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...Effects of globalization in education Nowadays no one can ignore the importance of education to society. Education is a tool that will allow people to achieve every goal they set for their lives. Learning opens doors to a great world of possibilities that will most likely lead to success. People who are not fortune enough to receive a formal education will have to face a road full of difficulties throughout their lives. It is not a secret that the more education people have, the better standard of living they will enjoy. Globalization has brought an innumerable amount of positive and negative changes to the world. One of those aspects that has been affected by those changes is, without any doubt, education. Globalization has more positive than negative effects in education and the way it is delivered in both developed and developing countries. One positive effect that globalization has brought to education is the fast development in educational technology. A massive technological impact can be observed when comparing today’s classrooms and classrooms from some years ago. This impact is transforming the way the students learn and is equipping them with a variety of skills to confront a competitive global market that is demanding workers that are prepared to assume roles according to the organization’s requirements. Day by day we can see how vanguard technology is entering the classrooms. Smart boards, laptops, NEOs, video projection screens, on-line libraries, and classroom...
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...Trade is the only way a country can develop. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Trade involves the transfer of the ownership of goods or services from one person or entity to another in exchange for other goods or services or for money. Trade is seen by many as a way to promote economic and development, with the future aim of increasing the Human Development Index (HDI- composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income, indices used to rank countries into four tiers of human development) and thus moving further along the development continuum. With expert leg-growth has been the main approach to development, trade may not be the only panacea for development. Other approaches to development such as aid and political avenues also have to be explored. However, the main process to development is industrialisation (manufactured goods create more income than raw materials/primary products) with this we see countries moving through the Clark Fisher model; moving from primary through to tertiary sectors. This increased revenue would promote wealth and improving living standards. In turn, this would make way for the 'trickling down' effect, the increased wealth means surplus money would be available for new industry to be established. Furthermore, this surplus of money may be reinvested into vital infrastructure and increasing the indices needed to value the HDI. Exploring and analysing approaches to development will form the basis of my conclusion. Over...
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...Introduction William Border is a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development where he leads the Migration and Development Initiative. His current research focuses on the effects of international migration, and on rigorous impact evaluation for aid projects. Much of his current work focuses on development and covers topics including the impact of international aid and policymaking on education equality outcomes, as well as the post-2015 development agenda, the role of technology in quality of life improvements, and governance and anticorruption. It is commonly believed that BD results in a decrease in tax revenue to the government... I actually have a different view on this matter. From the remittances is it first of all the households that are benefitting from it, but secondly the government is benefitting as well. I will explain this in more detail. The remittances spent on the consumption of both domestically produced goods and imports increase the tax base, which in turn increases revenues from sales taxes, value-added taxes and import duties and other indirect taxes. (stroomdiagram) With the remittances, the individuals/society determine their spending priorities as opposed to the agenda of the government as is the case with taxes and foreign aid. Besides this, governments are now able to increase their debts, because of the constant inflow generated by tax, or governments can spend more on infrastructure. (Abdih et al, 2012) In other words, remittances...
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...studied for this assignment is the Human Development Report of 2013 . It was prepared and published by the United Nation Development Programme. This report’s subject is The Rise of the South:Human Progress in a Diverse World. Human development reports by the UNDP are published annually.They mark the progress of the development of the countries. A1)Synopsis of the report: The HDR 2013 UNDP report discusses various factors and their consequences on the development of the south mainly those which reduced their shortfall with the Northern countries. Southern Countries don’t follow fixed sets of policies but policies according to their priorities for development related to health, education and per capita income, positively impacting national equity. Employment oriented developmental policies lead to income flows into more households making products more poor accessible . The result is overall development of these countries. Importance of ambitious policies, public spending initiatives and people’s participation is emphasised. Globalisation has been growing in the south but unless gradual it can negatively affect the economy. Globalisation has several advantages like migration of labour and its protection leading to flow of financial and technical resources to developing countries and outsourcing of certain low skill activities from developed countries to developing nations, adoption of technology to match the needs of developing countries. Insufficient implementation of...
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...The Effects of Globalization and Neoliberalism on African Societies Globalization and neoliberalism are concepts that can be applied to the analysis of any aspect of modern day society. Social life in a particular area is filled with the constant spread of ideas, practices and beliefs due largely to globalization. This paper will provide an in depth view on the effects Globalization and neoliberalism has had on culture and development in African societies. Within Africa lies various intricate backgrounds from its colonialism roots to the shift towards globalization in the effort to promote development. Exposing the dynamics of globalization as well as its impact on African societies will lead to a better understanding of the relationship between Africa and the international community. Globalization, as defined by Held et al. , sees the issue “as a process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions--assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact--generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction and the exercise of power.” (Held et al. 2004: 68), It involves the increased interaction between nations and the exchange of ideas, practices, relations and organization. (Ritzer 2008:574). One must be aware that the theory of globalization can be expressed through economic terms as well as sociologically. The...
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...The Effects of Studying Abroad on Students June 1th, 2015 The Effects of Studying Abroad on Students Studying abroad makes it possible for students to open many doors for their future. Nowadays, many students are eager to live and study abroad because they want to increasing their knowledge and experience in various field of life, and they dream about a better life. Moreover, studying abroad has deep effect on students because they acquainted with new cultures, expand their knowledge and possibly continue living in a new country. Certainly, studying abroad seems an excellent opportunity for students to learning new language , achieving better education , taking personal responsibility . Students who study abroad have a great chance to learning new language. living in foreign country makes students surrounded by another language environment which can be an important factor to learn new language. Also, studying abroad allows students to learn a lot about other language like earn new vocabulary through daily life. Therefore, daily life in foreign country may force students to learn new language because they need to do many daily activities within new environment that has different language. In addition, students can improve their speaking and listening skills quickly because they can make conversation with a lot of people who are speak native language. As a result of studying abroad, students can communicate with people from all over the world which can be a hard factor...
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...The impact of globalization on Trinidad and Tobago’s TVET programmes has been drastic. Globalization has increased the liberalization of trade policies and reduced barriers to trade. It has also increased the migration of persons between countries, outsourced and displaced jobs while at the same time creating new ones among other things. The need for a more highly skilled and technical workforce is a direct result of this globalization process and developing countries such as Trinidad and Tobago have turned to TVET to overcome the challenges they now face. However, these challenges created by globalization are transferred to the design and application of effective TVET facilities, thereby making it even more difficult to conquer these globalization issues. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has many soubriquets depending on the area of the world in which you reside. In various parts of the world it is also known as vocational education, workforce education, technical education, apprenticeship training or Career and Technical Education (CTE), as it is more commonly referred to presently. TVET “comprises all more or less organized or structured activities, whether or not they lead to recognized qualification, which aim to provide people with knowledge, skills and competencies that are necessary and sufficient in order to perform a job or set of jobs” (Özsoy, 2007).In today’s rapidly changing technological environment, new disciplines are constantly being created...
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...Uneven development Uneven development 1. Introduction: A major consequence of capitalist economy is the emergence of concentrations of wealth and capital on the one hand, and poverty and oppression, on the other. This is the basic idea of uneven development. In general terms, uneven development can relate to differential growth and development of regions at the global, regional, national, and local level. The phenomenon of uneven development can be defined as persistent differences in levels and rates of economic development between different sectors of the economy. Once development accelerates in a certain region it tends to absorb capital, resources and labor from surrounding regions. Thus these developed countries become more developed and continues developing while the supporting countries fall behind and plays only a subordinate role of supplying the necessities for development to the developed countries. As the developed countries are more industrialized they offer plenty of job opportunities and attract labor; while simultaneously attracting capital by the opportunities for profit. Relevant measures which sharply identify the phenomenon include the level of labor productivity in different sectors, the level of wages, occupational and skill composition of the labor force, the degree of mechanization and vintage of production techniques, rates of profit, rates of growth, and the size structure of...
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