...impact of Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and … Crime and Disorder Act 1998 had the main aims of giving more responsibility to police officers and to help keep communities safe and reduce crime rates. The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 had an impact on offenders, victims, individuals, communities and the public services, this is because the rules of the act made changes to crimes, the way crimes are dealt with and the impact of crimes have on the community. Firstly the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 made an impact on offenders, especially sex offenders, this is because the sentence for a sex offender has changed and now you can be given the title ‘Sex Offender’ if you have been cautioned with a sex offence but were found not guilty or committed a sex offence outside of the UK, also the rules have changed with giving an ASBO or a Parenting order. To give someone an ASBO now they must carry out anti-social behaviour and harassment to another person, an ASBO is given to protect people of the community, whereas a Parenting order can be issued when a child has been given an ASBO or a warning about their behaviour and they do not stick to the rules or conditions. The reason the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 effect these types of criminals is because they are put into categories, this categorisation then warns people in the future for example in job interviews what crime they committed. The main aim is to protect the public and to stop the offenders from reoffending. The Crime and Disorder...
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...Hate crimes will likely continue to exist in our society based on the socio-economic factors that influence the nature of these crimes. Hate crimes have long been a problem in American society. This paper will look at some incidents of hate crimes and how they are classified. In this paper, I will also explore who the perpetrators are and how socio-economic factors affect the types of motives that are responsible for these crimes. I will also examine how the legislature chooses which prejudices they want to associate with hate crimes. In order to understand hate crimes, there are a number of factors that you must consider and understand. Primarily, you must first understand what a hate crime is and how it is classified. When considering both crime and law, hate crimes occur when a perpetrator targets a person or group because of their perceived social group. This could be racial, religious, sexually orientated or gender based. The term “hate crime” generally refers to criminal acts that are motivated by a perpetrators conscious or unconscious prejudices. While there are many different classifications of hate crimes, racist anti-black bias is the most frequently reported hate crime motivation in the United States. Of the 8,208nhate crimes reported to the FBI in 2011, 48% were race related- 70% having an anti-black bias. Hate crimes are classified based on whether the crime is motivated by the victims actual or perceived personal characteristics. It must be prove that the perpetrator...
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...Subsidiary/Extended Diploma in Public Services Unit 12: Crime and its Effects on Society Assignment 2: Effects of crime and how the public services support victims and witnesses of crime In this assignment I will be examining and investigating the effects of crime on individuals, communities and business and discussing the role of services that support victims of crime and witness. There are a lot of people and communities that are impacted negatively by crime. However in the public service, there are approaches used in order to reduce crime, disorder and anti-social behaviour. This is done by using websites and wardens to keep track of recent crimes. Also I will be writing about how both public and third sector organisations support the victims of crime and the witnesses in order for them to feel safe giving information. (P4) Describe the effects crime has on the communities and individuals Crime has a lot of impact on the victims and other individuals that may be affected. Elderly, children, different cultures, etc. are all groups of people that are negatively impact by crime, but as they are different, some are affected more and some are not so bothered. • Elderly – elderly people are effected quite negatively by crime, this is because higher expectations of the community and they are a lot more vulnerable. If they are a target of crime they may feel helpless and very afraid. Even if the elderly are not first-hand victims of the crime, they may feel unsafe in their neighbourhood...
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...Society Tiffany Horvath SOC 305: Crime and Society Instructor: Efua Akoma October 28, 2013 If you asked 100 random people to describe a criminal, they would describe someone uneducated, in and out of the justice system, a minority or just a basic street criminal. “National surveys suggest that when Americans think about crime, they see the face of a black jobless high-school dropout from a broken home” (Society, 2013). “Federal researchers found, for example, that many prisoners are reasonably well-educated. More than six out of 10 prisoners are high school graduates, and many attended college. A majority of federal prison inmates and nearly half of all state prisoners are white or white Hispanic, not African American. More than four out of 10 prisoners were raised in two-parent families, and more than half had fulltime jobs before their arrest” (Society, 2013). Most people lose focus of the different kinds of criminals including white collar crime. “It’s important to understand that as white collar crimes evolved over the years, so too has the white collar criminal. It is this phenomenon that criminologists, sociologists, law enforcement, fraud examiners, and forensic accountants must take into consideration as they investigate white collar crimes. Credit card fraud, forgery, identity theft, internet schemes, larceny, mail fraud, and telemarketing fraud, do not require the perpetrator to be an executive within an organization. In fact, those who would...
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...assess the view that the mass media are a major cause of crime and deviance in today’s society. (21 marks) It could be argued that with some issues, the media plays a heavy role in influencing people to commit crime. Interactionist sociologists could argue that the media provide a form of database for imitation/copy cat crimes and from seeing these crimes the public are more likely to do them. In the media people are exposed to various types of crime, mainly violent and sexual and so might feel the want to copy these. For example, the copies of Jack the Ripper, the serial killer named the Zodiac or other serious crimes such as school shootings inspired by coverage of the Columbine shooting in America. Therefore it could be argued that the mass media which exposes these crimes to the population could cause these crimes, as they directly relate the crimes reported on. However it could be argued that these crimes which are reported as copy cat actually occur at a much lesser scale than we think. For instance these school shooings and serial killings do not happen as occasionally as might be thought. Although sociologists might argue that the main source of influence even for the small amount of crimes is the mainstream media which reported on them and exaggerated them in the first place. Meaning that media could be seen as a major cause of some crime in this aspect. Left realists argue that media is a major cause of crime also for the fact that it promotes these ideals of wealth...
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...leads to development. The way people, societies, and countries develop and interact with each other have a strong influence on deviance. Although societies may differ in appearance and way of life, they all have crime, religion, family structure, politics, and economy. The vast differences in societies are constantly studied and theorized. Grand theories, for example, are meta-theories that examine an aspect of society on a global or national scale. One particular theory of interest is the modernization theory. The modernization theory suggests that the main causes of crime are the repercussions of the rapid development and modernization of nations (Howard 148). The theory of modernization is composed of three distinct Parts: (1) Identification of types of societies, and explanation of how those designated as modernized or relatively modernized differ from others; (2) specification of how societies become modernized, comparing factors that are more or less conducive to transformation; and (3) generalizations about how the parts of a modernized society fit together, involving comparisons of stages of modernization and types of modernized societies with clarity about prospects for further modernization. (Defining Modernization) Part one explains that there must be qualities that differentiate modernized and underdeveloped societies. This is essential because a basis of comparison is required. Furthermore, the parameters of how societies modernize must be noted so that these growth...
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...and elsewhere, assess the usefulness of labelling theory in explaining crime and deviance’ (21 marks) Labelling theory is a micro approach that looks at how individuals construct society based on their interactions with each other (item). In terms of crime and deviance, labelling theory argues that most people commit deviant and criminal acts but only some are caught and stigmatised for it. So therefore, it is not useful to search for differences between ‘deviants’ and ‘non-deviants’ in society. Labelling theorists believe focus on crime should be understanding the reaction to and definition of deviance rather than the causes of the initial act. One labelling theorist, Becker, suggests the idea of crime as a social construct. He argues that an act only becomes deviant when it is defined as such by others, and that a criminal will only be labelled depending on society’s reaction to the crime. Becker argues that those people that have the power to create and impose their definitions on the rest of society such as the police are called moral entrepreneurs, reinforcing that crime and deviance is a construction of society. In addition to this, Becker argues that there is selective decisions as to whether to or how to deal with illegal or deviant behaviour. He calls this ‘selective law enforcement’ and suggests that police act on their own stereotypes and pre-conceptions on how to respond to the deviance and crime they come across. Labelling theorists are interested in who gets labelled...
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...White Collar Crime Cost Society more than Street Crime Debbre Paige Sociology I Professor: Ngo Lee Strayer University June 13, 2014 Abstract White Collar Crime cost society more than street crime because it affects everyone from the C.E.O. of the company to the common consumer. White Collar Crime usually consist of non-violent behavior; involving activities such as; deception, corruption, embezzlement, breach of trust, and health care fraud, just to name a few, and is committed by using a computer and paperwork. Street Crime on the other hand consists mostly of violent behavior, and almost always involves the use of a weapon. White Collar Crime cost Society More White Collar Crime was first defined in 1939, by Edwin Southerland, a Sociologist of criminology. It affects 1 in every 4 households from lost pension funds to cost of consumer goods rising because of the crime committed, according to “The National White Collar Crime Center”, White Collar criminals are characterized as being well educated, white males, who hold a high level executive position in private companies or the Federal Government. Street criminals are usually from lower social-economic status and some live in poverty. White Collar Crime White Collar Crime is a very widespread, increasing problem, yet it is mostly overlooked because it appears to be harmless, compared to Street Crime, and many fail to recognize its cost on society. White Collar Crime costs America...
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...rehabilitation affects deterrence of crime, how it affects victims and their family. I will also discuss how it affects offenders, the impact it has on society, and the fiscal impact upon society. Punishment and rehabilitation helps the inmate in different ways. This will show both pros and cons to punishment and rehabilitation. Punishment versus Rehabilitation The criminal justice system uses two objectives, these are punishment and rehabilitation. Society looks at these two with high prospects but the question is will the justice system live up to these expectation? The justice system and the community have beliefs on punishment and rehabilitation and how they should or should not work. Each one of these objectives will be addressed. Deterrence of Crime Deterrence theory comes down to if an offender commits a crime the benefit should outweigh the crime itself, if not, the offender will think twice before committing another crime. The deterrence theory does not explain criminal behavior. To prevent crime from happening again the criminal justice system use punishment, but the punishment should outweigh the potential crime. Crime has been a part of society for centuries. The most common form of punishment for the offender is to be put in prison. Many times imprisonment is a temporary fix for offenders. Some people think that rehabilitation is a permanent fix. Rehabilitation can have lasting effect on offenders since it would prevent future crime from happening. Also rehabilitation...
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...the relationship between crime and social class Marxism is a structural theory and says we live in a capitalist society which is divided into 2 classes, the ruling class who own the means of production and the working class who are exploited by the RC in order to create profit. There are 3 types of Marxism, traditional Marxists, neo-Marxists and new left realists, each of these believe that the capitalists society is partly to blame to crime but different views as to why and how and to what extent. I will look at the link between what they say about class and crime. According to traditional Marxists such as Chamblis and Pearce, everyone commits crime but it is only the working class that gets caught. Traditional Marxists argue that the working class are over represented in crime statistics because of selective policing. The police choose to pursue working class street crimes rather than trying to catch corporate or white collar crimes that are usually committed by ruling or middle classes. As these ruling class crimes are not caught, the working class appear to be more criminal than other social groups. The neo-Marxist Box estimated while in one year 20,000 people were murdered, 14000 died in industrial accidents and 30,000 died as a result of unsafe consumer products. While the death toll for these corporate crimes is much higher than that of street crime, the number of convictions for corporate crime was much lower so the working class street crimes were seen as more common...
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...Topic: People’s Percption Of Crime Programs On Pakistani TV Channels Introduction Background In the wake of recently interest in crime programs, this study seeks to explore the effects of these crime programs on people and to explore “people’s ‘’ perception of crime programs on Pakistani tv channels. The study demonstrates the effects of these crime programs on general public of the society. The study seeks to know either these crime programs promote awareness in the people about these crimes in the society or people’s perception changed psychologically after watching these crime programs. The study was carried out to find out the actual findings regarding the research questions. The media today controls our society completely. Information from across the world can be obtained instantly through radio, TV, newspapers, the internet, and many other forms of communication. An easy access to such powerful means of communication may have positive as well as negative effects on the general public. There is strong association between perceptions of media messages and its observed behavior. Television is responsible for the increase in childhood violence, alter personality development, stereotyping, language improvement and also somewhat generate many problems. Once upon a time TV was considered to be great educator especially for those who were economically underprivileged, but today television is teaching us that violence is accepted, anything shown attractive( apart from...
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...* functionalists see society as based on value consensus – it sees members of a society as sharing a common culture * sharing the same culture produces social solidarity – binding individuals together and telling them how to behave in order to achieve solidarity, SOCIETY HAS TWO KEY MECHANISMS: SOCIAL CONTROL -rewards for conformity -punishments for deviance -ensures that individuals behave in the way that society requires SOCIALISATION -instils the shared culture into its members. -insures that people internalise the same norms and values. -so they act in the way that society requires * While functionalists see too much crime as destabilising society, they also see crime as inevitable and universal. * Every known society has some level of crime and deviance – a crime free society is a contradiction in terms. * DURKHEIM: ‘’is normal... an integral part of all healthy societies’’ REASONS WHY CRIME IS FOUND IN ALL SOCIETIES: In complex modern societies, there is a diversity of lifestyles and values. Different groups develop their own subcultures with distinctive norms and values, so what a subculture sees as normal may be seen as deviant in mainstream society. In complex modern societies, there is a diversity of lifestyles and values. Different groups develop their own subcultures with distinctive norms and values, so what a subculture sees as normal may be seen as deviant in mainstream society. In modern society there is a tendency towards...
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...Rehabilitation Alana Plummer AJS/502 The way our society is set up it is expected for the criminal justice system to either punish or rehabilitate an individual that commits a crime. Punishment is a condition to refer to any change that occurs after a behavior that reduces the likelihood that that behavior will occur again in the future. Rehabilitation is a treatment and training to an offender so that he or she is made capable of returning to society. There are differences between the effectiveness of punishment compared with the effectiveness of rehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. Punishment and rehabilitation both are effective with the deterrence of crime, effects on victims and offenders, society and the fiscal effect on society. Deterrence Deterrence is the act of preventing a particular act or behavior from happening. In the criminal justice system deterrence is used to prevent an individual from committing a future crime. Punishment can be an effective deterrence when an individual is sent to jail. Prison is a form of punishment. Prison is a temporary solution while the offender is incarcerated. The highest form of punishment in the criminal justice system is capital punishment. The death penalty is used to deter people from committing crimes. Capital punishment is defined as a form of putting one to death because of a crime a person has committed. The seriousness of the crime determines the punishment. In a mitigating circumstance...
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...drugs in our society Impacts of Drugs in our Society The importation of illicit drugs in the United-States is a close second to the import of petroleum. According to the NIDA, drug abuse has an economic impact on society of $67 billion per year. This includes costs related to crime, drug abuse treatment, medical costs and time lost from work and social welfare programs. NIDA also states that getting treatment can reduce these costs. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that more than 25,000 people died in 2003 from drug-induced effects. CDC further reports that 123,235 adults living with AIDS in the United States in 2003 contracted the disease from injection drug use, and the survival rate for those persons is less than that for persons who contract AIDS from any other mode of transmission. A close connection exists between crime and drug use. Alcohol and drugs account for 52 percent of all traffic fatalities, according to the Hazleden Foundation. In the U.S., 47% of all women diagnosed with AIDS are injecting drug users and another 19% report having sex with users who inject drug. Drugs and Crime There is a high impact on Society of drugs. It was found that drugs and crimes are interrelated, as demonstrated by researches done by the United States National Institute of Justice. The major impact on drug-addicts is that they prone to commit crimes. They need...
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...BTEC Level 3 Certificate and Sub-Diploma in Public Services | Unit 12 – Crime and its effects on Society | Learner name | Assessor name | | Mrs. L. Gabell | Date issued | Hand in deadline | Submitted on | | | | | | Assignment title | | In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found. | Criteria reference | To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | | Task no. | | Evidence | P1, M1, D1 | Outline current crime and disorder legislation. Analyse the impact of two pieces of crime and disorder legislation. Evaluate the impact of one piece of crime and disorder legislation. | | 1 | | | P2 | State the main sentences and orders criminal courts can impose. | | 2 | | | P3 | Describe two theories of criminal behaviour and the factors that contribute to them. | | 3 | | | P4, M2 | Describe the effects crime has on communities and the individual. Analyse the effects of crime on communities and individuals. | | 4 | | | P5, M3, D2 | Identify approaches used by public services to reduce crime, disorder and antisocial behaviour. Analyse how the strategies used by the local community public services work to reduce crime, disorder and antisocial behaviour. Evaluate a local public service initiative designed to address crime and its impact on the community. | | 5 | | | P6 | Explain how public...
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