...Ethiopian’s historical records were destroyed they were unable to provide evidence or claims to their original chapel inside the Holy Sepulcher. Today the ownership of the church is shared between the Greek Orthodox, Catholics, and Armenian Orthodox. The three minor Orthodox communities Coptic, Syriac and Ethiopian Orthodox have rights to use certain areas of the Church, Leaving the Ethiopian monks and nuns as the only black presence in Jerusalem’s Holy Sepulcher. Ethiopian monks have recorded historical data saying that Queen Helena of Rome gave them the keys to the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem since the 4th century. Under Turkish rule, Ethiopians were the only religious sec that refuses to pay homage and taxes to the Ottoman kings. From (1831 to 1840) Egyptians had temporary control in Jerusalem. So after the 1838 plague, the Coptic’s had political control and burned the Ethiopian libraries, deeds, and other important...
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...secrets that will challenge current ideas about ancient Egypt. Discoveries—from the enormous burial tomb called KV5 to the sacred temples of Karnak—show how ancient Egyptians lived, worked, worshipped, and honored their dead. To provide a deeper understanding of Egypt’s past, head archaeologist Dr. Kent Weeks, along with other Egyptologists, leads viewers into ancient temples and tombs—including the resting place of Pharaoh Ramesses II’s lost children—some recorded on film for the first time. Epic in scope, Egypt Beyond the Pyramids demonstrates that as archaeologists uncover more about the past, their discoveries yield more questions than answers. Curriculum Links Egypt Beyond the Pyramids is appropriate for middle and high school classes in world history, ancient history, and art history. National History Standards Egypt Beyond the Pyramids fulfills the following National Standards for History: Historical Thinking 1 (Chronological Thinking), 2 (Historical Comprehension), 3 (Historical Analysis and Interpretation), 4 (Historical Research Capabilities), World History, Era 2. EGYPT BEYOND THE PYRAMIDS THE HISTORY CHANNEL CLASSROOM PRESENTS EGYPT HOUR 1: MANSIONS OF THE SPIRITS Egypt Beyond the Pyramids: Mansions of the Spirits takes the viewer on an exploration of the magnificent temple of Karnak, home to the Egyptian god Amun; the wonderfully preserved temple of Seti I, dedicated to the cult of Osiris; and the colossal mortuary temples of Queen Hatshepsut and the Ramesseum...
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...1)What does the study of humanities involve? What is the relevance of humanities in architecture? 1.The study of humanities involves academic disciplines that study human culture and history. The humanities include ancient and modern languages ,literature, philosophy, religion, and visual and performing arts such as music and theatre. We learn about distant cultures or past cultures. Through the exploration of humanities we learn how to think creatively and critically to reason and ask questions. These efforts preserve the great accomplishments of the past help us understand the world we live in and give us tools to imagine the future. 2.What are the broad divisions of human history? Write a brief on each. Prehistory (meaning "before history", or "before knowledge acquired by investigation", from the Latin word for "before," præ, and historia) is the span of time before recorded history or the invention of writing systems. Prehistory refers to the period of human existence before the availability of those written records with which recorded history begins. More broadly, it can refer to all the time preceding human existence and the invention. The term "prehistory" can refer to the vast span of time since the beginning of the Universe, but more often it refers to the period since life appeared on Earth, or even more specifically to the time since human-like beings appeared.[4][5] In dividing up human prehistory, prehistorians typically use the three-age system, whereas scholars...
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...Compare and contrast essay: Ancient Egypt and Greece The ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek civilizations are two of the oldest known civilizations in our history. The Egyptian civilization, based in the eastern part of North Africa, is believed to have started around 3150 BC and continued till the end of the Pharaoh rule in 31 BC. The ancient Greek civilization is believed to have been in effect from 1100 BC till about 146 BC. Many similarities and differences existed between these two civilizations, as even though they co-existed during a certain timeframe (1150 BC to 146 BC), they were located in different geographical areas. Because of these differences in geography, both these civilizations were subjected to different kinds of exposure, which included contact with other civilization and cultural inheritance. In the political sphere, we find that the Egyptian civilization had stronger emphasis on central authority, while the Greeks had a more decentralized structure, where powers were distributed over the cities and the states as well. As far as art is concerned, we find that the Egyptians were more involved in creating great monumental and gaudy structures, while the Greeks were more involved in creating smaller, more literary pieces of art. One of the biggest reasons why these two civilizations had these differences is due to their geography. The Egyptians had easy access to large stones that they could bring in to their country and use them to erect such monumental...
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...The West-Thebes (WT) Archives, in Egypt Collecting Policy: The West-Thebes Archive was founded to be located in the city of Luxor, Egypt, for the purpose of establishing a repository for all materials and records that have a permanent historical value and document the history of the excavation process in Thebes, one of the ancient Egyptian necropolises on the west bank of Luxor, Egypt. Records must be in English language and must refer to the work of the different excavation missions relates to the archaeological site, in the period between (1890-1940), which may be contained in the following materials; - Black and white excavation photographs taken by the early archaeological missions and more recent color and digital images as well....
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...military position in the region[2]. The combination of three major (Air, Land and Maritime) strike planned by the Israel has resulted the victory for Israeli. Even though the war involved three main elements, this paper will just focus on the air campaign which can be considered as the main factor for the victory of Israel and the failure for the Arabs’ allies. 2. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general brief on the background of the war and will focus more on the air campaign as the decisive factor that lead to the Israel victory. The flow of this paper will start with the genesis of the war which will provide the background of the six days war followed by the comparison of the Order of Battle (ORBAT). The comparison of ORBAT will give the summary of the assets involved and destroyed in the war and its effects on the outcome of the war. Series of the event from the first day of war until the sixth day will be briefly written in the Battle Narrative chapter. The main focus of this paper is the decisive factors that lead to Israel victory which will touch on the campaign planning, air offensive, surprise elements and concentration of force. Towards the end of this paper, the strategic impact of the war on both Israel and Arabs will be highlighted. Paper will be concluded with...
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...As I enter my first college class, my attention goes to Professor Feldman, a tall, slender woman in a loose pearl blouse with black dress pants. The combination of her graceful stance and scholarly presence distinguishes her already from the chaos of the lecture room. The calm demeanor spreads through the room as she gradually turns the lights down low, signaling the beginning of lecture, and gives life to the art historian’s companion, the slide projector. Her slow and steady speech is punctuated by inflections at nearly every other word and reflects her scholarly presence. She picks her words carefully and you can sense the moment’s thought before each. Her precisely chosen words make each one valuable as I frantically try to catch them all. Feldman incorporates her elevated vocabulary in daily speech and lecture, requiring that I form my own vocabulary list: mélange, koine, cache, lingua franca, etc. In spite of being intimidated by Professor Feldman’s scholarship, the fellow human being, Marian Feldman, shows through at times. She does not hesitate to admit “When did those excavations take place?” or “Who was that guy who ruled Babylon? I never remember that one.” At one point she might exclaim, “Well, it doesn’t matter anyway” followed by a signature chuckle. She welcomes corrections or additions by students, and some questions lead her to guiltily admit, “You caught me. I was trying to avoid that one because, well, we just don’t...
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...philosopher Hegel simply declared ‘Africa is no historical part of the world.’ This openly racist view, that Africa had no history, was repeated by Hugh Trevor-Roper, Regius Professor of History at Oxford University, as late as 1963. Africa, the birthplace of humanity We now knowWe now know that far from having no history, it is likely that human history actually began in Africa. The oldest evidence of human existence and that of our immediate ancestors has been found in Africa. In July 2002 further evidence of the existence of early hominids in Africa was found with the discovery of the fossilised remains of what has been called Sahelanthropus tchadensis, thought to be between 6-7 million years old, in Chad. The latest scientific research points to the fact that all human beings are likely to have African ancestors. Trade, Cultures and Civilisations in Africa Africa’s great civilisations made an immense contribution to the world, which are still marvelled at by people today. Ancient Egypt, which first developed over 5000 years ago. is one of the most notable of these civilisations and one of the...
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...Running head: MYSTERY OF TUTANKHAMEN DEATH Mystery of Tutankhamen Death Patience Williams Professor: Dr. Brook Beshah HUM 111 January 30, 2012 Abstract This paper unravels the mystery surrounding the death of Tutankhamen, an Egyptian Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (1333 BC- 1323 BC in conventional chronology), a period in the history of Egypt regarded as the “New Kingdom” Hankey and Julie (2007). In addition, the paper discusses a brief history of Tutankhamen (the boy king of Egypt) who reigned for 10 years, the cause of his rather untimely death, which up to this day people continues to discuss with a certain degree of uncertainty. The paper accomplishes these tasks by providing a brief summary of some theories that might explain the mystery that surrounds Tutankhamen’s death. Finally, the paper identifies a particular theory out of many regarding Tutankhamen’s death that best explains the mystery of his death. Brief History Before discussing the mystery surrounding the death of Tutankhamen, it is important to know who he was and how and why he became the youngest pharaoh (king) in the history of Egypt and probably the entire world. According to Clayton (2006), Tutankhamen was the son Akhenaten, a former Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt who ruled for 17 years and died probably around 1336 BC or 1334 BC. Tutankhamen who reigned for 10 years, became Pharaoh at the age of nine, but died at the age of 18. Historically, as a prince he was known as Tutankhamen, a...
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...THE GROWTH EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL LIBERALISATION PROGRAMME IN EGYPT: DEVELOPMENTS AND DRAWBACKS (Key Words: financial liberalisation, economic growth, Egypt) DR. Ayman M. Ebrahim Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration Helwan University Ein Helwan , Cairo E-mail: ahendy@ksu.edu.sa hendyayman@hotmail.com ABSTRACT The paper begins with a review of theory and recent empirical evidence relating to financial liberalisation and economic development. Among the countries that underwent financial liberalisation programmes in the 1990s, Egypt appears to have performed well. Although the internal and external shock to the economy and the associated drawbacks in the financial liberalisation programme, over the past decade, which brought the experience of financial liberalisation, the Egyptian economic performance improved. Its aggregate growth rate was positive and macroeconomic variables moved in a favourable direction in accordance with the predictions of the financial liberalisation paradigm. The econometric test specification follows the nonlinear least-squares estimations methodology to test the co-movement of the underlying variables. INTRODUCTION The financial liberalisation paradigm encourages nominal interest rate liberalisation, the reduction or abolition of reserve requirements, the elimination of inflationary finance, the removal of other forms of taxation on...
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...frequency types of refusal strategies and interlocutor's social status. I prefer this article because it is very useful for my topic. The author found that Iraqi EFL learners are apt to express refusals with care and/or caution represented by using more statements of reason/explanation, statements of regret, wish and refusal adjuncts in their refusals than Americans. Americans are more sensitive to their interlocutor's higher and equal status, whereas Iraqi EFL learners to lower status. The study is suitable for the topic I chose for its valuable information. 2. Article 2 Al-Khatani, S., A., W. (2005). Refusals Realizations in Three Different Cultures: A Speech Act Theoretically-based Cross-cultural Study, Journal King Saud University, 18, 35-57. In this paper, the researcher assumes differences in the ways people from different cultural backgrounds perform refusals even while using the same linguistic code (i.e. English). Three groups of subjects, Americans, Arabs and Japanese are compared in the ways they perform refusals...
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...The Origin and Evolution of War. Gabriel Turner Com172 12/12/2012 The Origin and Evolution of War. War has plagued our society for quite some time. This research paper will focus on war and its origin, and determine which society first declared war and how has war evolved over time. Its purpose is to give accurate information to the reader. In order to answer the question, where did war originate, it would be helpful to know the exact meaning of the word. Most people know what war is but may not know the correct definition. According to Webster’s Dictionary (2012), “A contest between nations or states, carried on by force, whether for deference, for revenging insults and redressing wrongs, for the extension of commerce, for the acquisition of territory, for obtaining and establishing the superiority and dominion of one over the other, or for any other purpose; armed conflict of sovereign powers; declared and open hostilities.” Pg.1. Essentially war has no origin; it came into existence since the dawn of time. War was born when the need arose. It is the result of man wanted to resolve conflict by force because his fellow man did not agree or believe the same thing they did. War appeared into society as natural as the sun rises from the east every morning. Now ordinary war could not exist without greed or politics, just as peace is only profound by love and understanding...
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...been a popular topic for debate since scholars first recognized the impact leadership has on the success of an organization. In higher education, investigative efforts into what epitomizes leadership have played an integral part in the development of educational leadership programs. What is leadership? What are the theoretical constructs taught to aspiring leaders? The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the literature on the major approaches to the study of leadership. Major Approaches to the Study of Leadership According to Wolverton, Gmelch, Montez, and Nies (2001), leadership is the essential element that holds an organization together while moving it forward. Definitions and assumptions about leadership are numerous and varied. As early as 5000 years ago, Egyptian hieroglyphics were written for the words leadership, leader, and follower. (Bass, 1990). Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, "looked at the requirements of the ideal leader of the ideal state" (Bass, p.4). In the Old and New Testaments as well as in Greek and Latin classics, leaders were called prophets, priests, kings, chiefs, and heroes. Although the advent of leadership can be traced...
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...The Numerical Impact & History Of A Materialistic Society University Author Note Abstract This paper utilizes four published research articles and six online renowned articles that contain relevant information and reports on how various materialistic spending and reasoning has impacted numerous societies over different times in history. The piece will compare and contrast the benefits of unnecessary spending on an economy as well as one’s state of mind. It’ll also delve in to the common practice of obtaining material for impression purposes and the benefits or lack thereof of doing so. The paper will also draw common correlation between jewelry and society all over history to modern daytime to find the more significant aspect to a society between living and impression. Centuries of historical documents suggest that a materialistic society causes a population to be more unhappy, divided and non-beneficial because of its emphasis on overvaluing items in the process of finding happiness. The emphasis on earning our peers acceptance through materials would lead us to achieve further happiness but statistics prove other wise. In ancient Rome, Asia and Africa along with medieval Europe there has been recorded history of how excess goods and jewelry were used to accentuate their self-importance and status to others. In modern time we find ourselves shopping, adding unnecessary expenses to our lives during the holiday seasons to reach a level of acceptance...
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...Literature and Western Esotericism."Aries 4.2 (2004): 148-170. Academic Search Premier. Web. 26 Feb. 2013. Summary: In this article, they examine the identity of biblical character Moses as a magician in modernity. It also studies the effect of the identity of Moses on the history of religion; Impact of the victory of Moses over the magic of the Egyptians in rabbinical literature; Information on the portrayal of Moses by Philo of Alexandria in his book "De Vita Mosis." Evaluation: This is an important article because it contain lot of information about the Miracle Moses was able to make when he was trying to get the people out of Egypt. Investigating the question of Moses as magician in modernity might seem hardly a meaningful venture. After all, the figure of Moses was established in the period between humanism and the Enlightenment much more obviously as the founder of a de-mythologized religion, in which things like magic had just been overcome. People thought that Moses was a magician; however, he was getting his power from God. Applicability: This article is interesting, and I found it very interesting. I will use it in my term paper to demonstrate what Moses has achieved to bring the people out of Egypt and where he got his power from. I will also explain what happen near the Mount Sinai when Moses was tending sheep and saw a bush that appeared to burn but was not destroyed. ANISFELD, MOSHE. "Why Was Moses Barred From Leading The People Into The Promised Land? A Psychotbeological...
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