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Elements

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Submitted By moronta714
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thousand years ago people tried to develop ideas of what things are made up of. One idea was that the basic properties were hot, cold, wet, and dry. It was thought that right amount s of all four properties will create a leaf. Then the elements changed and were thought to be fire, air, earth, and water. People investigated different substances by using heat, acid, and electricity to see if there was any change. Some substances would create others when they were separated and then tested on again that left some to stop changing which are called unchangeable substances elements. The new names of some of the elements are iron, copper, carbon, oxygen, sulfur and gold. Elements are substances that cannot be change into smaller substances that creates matter combing all the different substances in the world. By the 1850’s 60 elements had been discovered with their chemical and physical properties.
The First Periodic Table
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev, a Russian chemist, in 1869 created a set of elements from lightest to heaviest, from hydrogen to uranium. Then he noticed similarities between the chemical properties of some of the elements and made groups that made columns. The he discovered that there is a missing element and discovered 30 elements.
The Modern Periodic Table of Elements
There is still a similarity to the way Mendeleyev’s ides for the periodic table. The rows are different however, having 2 elements in row 1, 8 in rows 2 and 3, 18 elements in rows 4 and 5, and 32 elements in rows 6 and 7.The colors, orange, light blue, dark blue, light lavender, dark lavender, and yellow green are used to identify different types of metals. Colors, green, red, yellow and aqua elements are nonmetals. The last column on the right is called noble gases which don’t react to other elements.
Element Finders
Sir Humphry Davy started conducting experiments and separating substances. He started with conducting electricity through potassium carbonate. This was the discovery of the first element. Then he led on to discover sodium, boron, potassium, chlorine, magnesium, calcium and barium. Marie Curie was no different studying in her laboratory. Studying the radiation in uranium and found out that there was more than one element in that one uranium ore and discovered polonium and radium. Then she created the term radioactivity from the radiation given by the elements.
Review Questions
What is an element? An element is a substance that cannot be broken into simpler substances and builds matter while combing all different substances.
How are matter and elements related? An element is what creates matter.
How was Mendeleyev able to predict the existence of elements that had yet not been discovered? Mendeleyev was able to discover the existence of elements by the use of electricity methods.
What is the periodic table of elements? The periodic table of elements organizes and displays all elements from simplest to most complex.
Elements in the Universe
Five billion years ago, there was a star explosion of gas and dust. Then passing a few billion years the bits of gas and dust pulled together to form the Solar System. Everything in the world made from stardust. The stardust is made from all 90 elements which created all 90 elements to be part of our planet.
Elements in the Sun 75% hydrogen, about 23% is helium, 0.9% oxygen, 0.3% carbon, and 0.1% nitrogen.
Earth Elements
35% iron, 17% magnesium, 28% oxygen, 13% silicon, 2.7% nickel, 2.7% sulfur, 0.4% aluminum, 0.6% calcium, and 0.6% of the other 82 elements
Elements in the Sky
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and less than 1% argon
Elements in the Ocean
85% oxygen, 21% hydrogen, 2% chlorine, 1% sodium, and all the other 86 elements are in the ocean as well.
Elements in You
10% hydrogen, 65% oxygen, 18% carbon, 1.5% other elements, 3% nitrogen, 1.5% calcium, and 1% phosphorus
Review Questions
What element are among the five the most abundant elements in the Sun, Earth, ocean, atmosphere and organisms? The has 75% hydrogen, 85% of oxygen in the ocean, 78% of nitrogen in the sky, 35% iron on Earth and 65% oxygen in organisms.
What does it mean when people say everything is made of stardust? That everything is made from elements.
Why are the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen important to life on Earth? These elements make up rocks and minerals including the Earth’s mantle and crust.
How can there be so many different substances in the world if there are only a few elements that are common? They are combined to create many different things as possible.
Particles
Elements are unique for their different properties.
What are Elements Made Of?
Copper wire cut into smaller pieces is still the element copper. If copper pieces are cut to the point where they are need to be magnified than the smallest piece of copper is called a copper particle. Particles are the smallest piece of a substance that is still that substance. Each element has its own particle.
More than 90 Particles
Each substance has its own particle which is why there are millions of particles in existence. A water particle is made of two hydrogen particles and one oxygen particle. One particle of carbon, hydrogen, sodium particle and three oxygen particles form a bicarbonate particle.
Representing Particles
Particles can be used as little colorful circles even when coming in different shapes and sizes.
Review Questions
What is a particle? A particle is a substances’ smallest piece that still is of that substance
What is a difference between a particle and an element? An element is from different substances which those substances are from millions of different particles.
How many different particles are there in the world? Explain your answer. There are millions of particles in the world since they come from substances and substances are made from elements.
Three Phases Of Matter
The three states of matter are solids , liquids and gases. Rock, air and water all have different properties such as in volume and shape. Rocks have definite shape and volume like all solid substances. Water has a definite volume but not shape because it depends on where it is placed. Air has no definite shape or volume with having the ability to change like all gas substances. A phase of a substance comes from the particles of that substance. The particles of a solid are attractive forces stuck together which causes ther to not be any change in shape or size.

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