...[pic] Name: Neon-Ne Discovery / history: The name neon derives its name from Greek word (meaning 'New One'). It was discovered by scittusg chemist William Ramsay in 1898 and English Chemist Morris W. Travers in London, England. Neon was discovered as a chilled sample of the atmosphere, until it turned out to a liquid, then warmed the liquid and captured the fresh gases as they boiled off. Properties: Chemical Properties Neon is an inert element because it has 8 valence electrons and is completely stable, the only reason elements react is to form a stable octet, since neon has a stable octet, there is no reason for it to react. Although neon is classified as inert, it can form an exotic compound with fluorine under extreme laboratory conditions. While it is not known for sure, some evidence suggests that this compound may be able to form naturally. Neon gas also has the ability to form an unstable hydrate when it reacts with water.2 Physical Properties Neon is the tenth element of the periodic table, in group 18, making it a noble gas. It is an odorless, tasteless, nontoxic gas without the ability to form stable compounds. Neon is very light and colourless under normal conditions, however, it glows a reddish-orange colour when in a vacuum discharge tube, as it is excited electrically. Neon has the smallest liquid range of any element from the periodic table...
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...at room temperature. Nonmetals are delicate in solids. Nonmetal solids surfaces are dull. Nonmetals have high ionization energy and high electronegativity values. They are bad at making heat and electricity. Nonmetals gain electrons becoming negative ions with larger radii than the atoms. They have oxidation numbers of ±4, -3, and -2. The elements in Group 18 are called noble gases. Noble gases do not have all the properties of nonmetals because they react chemically. A few compounds that have noble gases have been created. Each element has filled an outer energy level of electrons. The level of helium is filled with two electrons, but the rest of noble gases have eight electrons. Group 18 was originally called inert gas group because it was thought that elements could not produce stable compounds. Also because their valence levels are full and normally noble gases do not add more electrons. Fluorine can have a high attraction to electrons that it attracts electrons from some noble gases and causes them to have a positive oxidation state. Only some reactivity is seen. Argon and xenon are the only ones to produce stable compounds. Neon has been wheedled into reactions under bead conditions of temperature and pressure. Helium has not shown an activity. Noble gases are nonpolar and that means they hold in the liquid and solid phases by van der Waals forces. Helium with the fewest electrons has the lowest boiling point. In this group, the boiling point increases from top to...
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...Neon, mercury, and olive oil change from their natural states of matter when the temperature changes. Once the temperature does change, the particles start moving, and the states of matter change. For example, the movement of the particles in neon are limited as the temperature decreases. The particles of neon in it’s gas form go crazy and speed up, colliding into each other and spread out over all the space. Neon turns to a liquid between -248°C and -246°C. In this stage, the particles can slide around each other, allowing them to take the shape of any container that they are in. At -248°C, neon is a solid. The particles huddle next to each other, because of the attraction that they feel, and vibrate. Mercury, on the other hand, is in it’s...
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...electrons in an oxygen atom. The diagram is incomplete as it only shows the two electrons in the 1s level. energy 1s Complete the diagram for the oxygen atom by: (i) (ii) adding labels for the other sub-shell levels adding arrows to show how the other electrons are arranged. [2] 1 Greenhead College AS Chemistry NAME 2. (a) Complete the electronic configuration of carbon 1s2 .................................................................................................................... (b) (i) Complete the electronic configuration of a bromine atom. 1s22s22p63s23p6............................................................................................. [1] [2] (ii) Why is bromine classified as a p-block element? ....................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... [1] (c) Complete the electronic configuration of a potassium ion (K+) 1s2 .................................................................................................................... (d) Complete the electronic configuration of a titanium atom. 1s22s22p6................................................................................................................. [1] [1] 3. The...
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...energy, frequency, and the wavelength of waves, identifying line and band spectra, determining the relationship between the colors of the visible light spectrum and their corresponding wavelengths and frequencies, determining an unknown element and the measurement of its emission spectrum, and lastly understanding the difference between frequency, wavelength, velocity, and interference. To properly understand the frequency, wavelength, and interference a slinky was used to show the different variations. When the slinky was moved very quickly in short strokes, this resulted in a high frequency with shorter wavelengths. When the slinky was moved with huge, slow strokes, there was low frequency and long wavelength. Constructive interference was illustrated when both people on either side of the slinky sent their waves at the same time, and on the same side. They constructed together and the wave continued. Deconstructive interference...
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...Dragon City Complete Dragon Breeding Guide By Gamelytic Dragon breeding is a unique part of the game play in Dragon City. However, it is hard to figure out how to breed what without the formula. In this guide, we will provide some formulas and tutorials on how to breed the dragons that you love and use in Dragon City. Please share this guide with your Dragon City and facebook friends if you have found it helpful. Lastly please check out the rest of our Dragon City guides. Basic Dragon Breeding Information The basic of Dragon City breeding is taught during tutorial. You will first have to level up your dragon via feeding to at least level 4. Build a building ground such as Breeding Mountain or Breeding Tree, then you can select which of the dragon that you would like to breed. It will take some time for the dragons to create the eggs and even more time for the eggs to hatch. The types of offspring is dependent on the parents. In addition, there is some sort of luck involved in breeding that you may not get the dragon you are looking for 100% of the time. When you first start the game, we recommend you to start from generation 1 and breed a couple high generation dragons. However, slow down on the Pure Dragon breeding (We label it generation 4 and 4.5) because the long breeding time can hinder your game play. Basic Breeding Dragons To start breeding the dragons, you must first have these basic building blocks. You must purchase these dragons from eggs because you do not have...
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...Arrangements of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. And we use the Pauli exclusion principle and other rules to arrange the electrons. To designate the electron configuration we use the level number and the letter of the sublevel and a superscript number to represent the number of electrons contained in the sublevel. Writing the electron configuration requires that we recall how many orbitals are contained in each type of sublevel For example hydrogen with one electron has an electron configuration of 1s1. The orbital diagram for hydrogen can be represented in the following way. | This notation uses a box to represent the orbital, the label for the orbital and an arrow to represent the electron. The electronic configuration for hydrogen can be written as 1s1. This is a short-hand notation which identifies the level, the sublevel and the number of electrons in the sublevel. We can also display the energy level diagram for the hydrogen atom. A portion of the energy level diagram is shown, | So we have three ways to represent the electron arrangement in an atom. The orbital diagram, the electron configuration and the energy diagram. All three ways are useful. The next atom is helium with 2 electrons. So the second electron could go into the 1s orbital with the opposite spin of the first electron or it could go into the next orbital in the n = 2 level. It turns out that the energy required to accommodate two electrons in the 1s orbital...
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...In laboratory 3, we will be exploring what light is and what gives an object its color. In addition, we will be using alternate light sources which will help us define the precise and characteristic wavelengths of light that certain elements will show through the colored bands seen when looking through the diffraction grating. The materials that are required for this lab will be the following: 3 meter sticks, 1 incandescent light source, 1 diffraction grating (600 lines per mm), 1 pencil, 1 element discharge tube, and 1 Helium, Hydrogen, Mercury or Neon light bulb. In the first section of lab 3, four lab partners will be divided into two pairing two students on the right side of the table and the other two on the left. The groups will then be assigned either an incandescent or an...
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... Prediction Neon will have the most spectral lines because it has high intensity of light present and because it has a full outer valence. Observe Element | # of spectra lines and colours | Missing | Hydrogen | Violet(1), red(1), blue(1) | Yellow, green, orange, purple | Neon | Yellow(1), orange (2), green(2), red(3) | Purple, blue | Mercury | Purple (1), green(1), orange (1) | Yellow, red, blue | Helium | Blue(2), green(2), orange(1), red(1) | Yellow, purple | Nitrogen | ROYGBIV (all colours) | | Nitrogen had the most spectra lines. The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, including light, radio waves, and X-rays. The Bohr-model would help us to determine which had the most spectra lines and colours because the colour of the lights is related to the lights energy. Light is absorbed when electrons jump down or up from one energy level to another, adding energy to an electron will cause it to get excited and move out to a higher energy level-the more energy that you add to the atom, the farther the electron will go. Bohr Rutherford’s experiments from that past have stated that electrons would be able to absorb and later release energy through colours of light. When this energy that comes out of the atoms falls towards the nucleus it releases energy in the process, this energy that falls towards the nucleus appears as light. Permitted energy levels are unique to all elements and this is what...
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...substance consisting of two or more elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio by mass. A compound is a pure substance consisting of two or more elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio by mass. Example: H2O or CO2 2.Define an ion as a charged atom (or a group of atoms). An ion is a charged atom or group of atoms. It forms when an atom loses or gains electrons (total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom a positive or negative charge.) Ions can be created by both chemical and physical means. In chemical terms, if a neutral atom loses one or more electrons, it has a net positive charge and is known as a cation. If an atom gains electrons, it has a net negative charge and is known as an anion. Example:Cations-Aluminium - Al3+ -Calcium - Ca2+ -Silver - Ag+ Anions-Chloride - Cl- -Fluoride - F- -Bromide - Br- 3. Recall that atoms are composed of protons neutrons and electrons Particle Charge Location Mass Proton Positive+ Nucleus Heavy Neutrons Neutral Nucleus Heavy Electron Negative- Cloud surrounding the nucleus Light (N/a) 4. Know the meanings of: Atomic number (no. of protons), mass number (number of protons and neutrons), relative atomic mass, isotope ( a form of an element which has a specific no of neutrons. ...
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...chemists in predicting chemical reactions? Periodic Table is designed to help us understand how elements are going to react to each other and also gives us the breakdown of how many atoms are in each element. This chart also helps us to identify metals, liquids, and gases. This chart shows us the atomic mass and structure of each element. Knowing this information allows us to determine which elements can bond and interact with each other. Alkali metals and halogens can form ionic bonds easily which involves the transfer of an electron from an atom of metal forming a positively charged species, to an atom of non-metal forming a negatively charged species. These two species interact electrostatically and form one of the two extreme forms of bonding; covalent bonding is the other extreme form (Kostiner & Jespersen, 2003). Electronic structure is another piece of important information that you will find on the Periodical Table, this is the atomic number and it will tell you how many atoms make up the element. Alkali Metals and Halogen We know that there are some stable elements and some that are highly unstable. Alkali metals and halogens are unstable because of their electronic structure. If their outer ring is not full of electrons they can bond to easily with other elements, meaning that they have too much space in their outer shells and this makes it easier for other elements to...
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...Atoms, Molecules, and Elements Atoms, Molecules, and Elements Our Periodic Table is designed to help us understand how elements are going to react to each other and also gives us the breakdown of how many atoms are in each element. This chart also helps us to identify metals, liquids, and gases. This chart shows us the atomic mass and structure of each element. Knowing this information allows us to determine which elements can bond and interact with each other. Alkali metals and halogens can form ionic bonds easily which involves the transfer of an electron from an atom of metal forming a positively charged species, to an atom of non-metal forming a negatively charged species. These two species interact electrostatically and form one of the two extreme forms of bonding; covalent bonding is the other extreme form (Kostiner & Jespersen, 2003). Electronic structure is another piece of important information that you will find on the Periodical Table, this is the atomic number and it will tell you how many atoms make up the element. Alkali Metals and Halogen We know that there are some stable elements and some that are highly unstable. Alkali metals and halogens are unstable because of their electronic structure. If their outer ring is not full of electrons they can bond to easily with other elements, meaning that they have too much space in their outer shells and this makes it easier for other elements to bond with them. If you take Lithium for example, its atomic number is...
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...shells around nucleus by putting these 17 beads into the three necklace chains around button following the Bohr-Burry and Octet Rule. Identify the element, its electronic configuration, valency and number of valence electrons. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: 1) Write the electronic configuration of an element with atomic number 19. Answer: The electronic configuration of an element with atomic number 19 K L M N 2 8 8 1 2) How many enery levels or shells are accomodated...
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... Smith 2 Model of Essential Amino Acid Essential amino acids are those amino acids in which the body can not make on its own, instead they must be procured through the foods that we eat (Helmenstein). Lysine is one of the essential amino acids. Two of the chemical properties of lysine are that it is positively charged and it is hydrophilic, which means water loving so it easily dissolves in water (National Center for Biotechnology Information). Smith 3 Each NH2 contains one nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms represented on the diagram as intertwining pipe cleaners color coded to there respective elements (ie NH2 has blue and neon) Each CH2 contains one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms (pink and neon) OH contains one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom (orange and neon) Diagram of Protein Structure Smith 4 Dehydration : Creating a Peptide Bond Smith 5 Diagram: Peptide Bond Broken by Hydrolysis Smith 6 The Four Forces that Stabilize Proteins at Tertiary Level The tertiary structure of proteins are dictated by several factors. Non polar molecules are also hydrophobic and they tend to gravitate towards the center of a protein structure, where there contact with water is minimized. In addition the polar (hydrophilic) R groups tend to want to ...
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...TARGET COSTING 1 TARGET COSTING AND THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CYCLE Market Research ESTABLISH TARGET ATTAIN TARGET Competitive Strategy Product Strategy and Profit Plans Product Concept & Feasibility Product Design & Development Production and Logistics Competitive Intelligence 2 THE ESTABLISHMENT PHASE OF TARGET COSTS MARKE Marke Market Researc Research PRIC Define Customer Niche Competitiv Competitor Analysi Analysis Understand Customer Requirements Define Product Features TARGET COST $ REQUIRED PROFIT 3 THE ATTAINMENT PHASE OF TARGET COSTING COMPUTE COST GAP DESIGN COSTS OUT PRODUCE Perform Value Engineering Initial Cost Estimates Compare To Target Cost Design Products/ Processes Estimate Achievable Cost Perform Cost Analysis ACTUAL COST Release Design to Production Undertake Continuous Improvement 4 1. Self-Test Questions (p. TC—32) a. What is a target cost? How is it different from a budgeted cost? A target cost is the allowable amount of cost that can be incurred on a product and still earn the required profit from that product. It is a market driven cost that is computed before a product is produced. A budgeted cost is a predetermined cost after a product is in production. A budget is an operational definition of an allowable cost broken by items and by periods. c. Why is it important to manage costs before products...
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