...the Jainism Religion “The Jain emblem represents many important concepts to show the path to enlightenment by following the basic principles of Ahimsa (non-violence), Triratana (right belief, right knowledge and right conduct) and helping others” (Srehta, 2011). The outlined region of the image embodies the universe as termed in scriptures of Jainism. There are three realms listed as Loks. The top part reveals Urdhava Lok (heaven), the interior section specifies Madhya Lok (material world) and the lower portion indicates Adho Lok (hell). The semi-circular upper most area symbolizes Siddhas hila, a zone far beyond the three realms. The Siddhas (liberated bodiless souls) reside on this forever, liberated from the cycle of life and death. The three dots on the top symbolizes Triratana (right belief), Samyak Gyan (right knowledge), & Samyak Charitra (right conduct). Creatures in this world can become free from the cycle of life and death; basically liberation is an achievement at this point in symbolism. This sends the message stating it is necessary to have Triratana to attain Moksha. In the top portion, four arms of Swastika, symbolizes the four Gati (destiny): Narak (demon), Triyanch (animal), Manushya (human) and Dev (angel). It represents the perpetual nature of the universe in the Madhya Lok (material world), where a creatures destiny is one of those states based on their Karmas (deeds). It also represents the four columns of the Jain Sangh: Sadhus, Sadhvis, and Shravikas...
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...In 326 BCE, Chandragupta Maurya was just a teenager when Alexander the Great of Macedonia invaded India. Facing stiff resistance all through what is now Pakistan, and hampered by the high Hindu-Kush Mountains, Alexander’s army lost its will to conquer India at the Battle of Jhelum (or Hydaspes River). Although the Macedonians made it through the Khyber Pass and defeated Raja Puru (King Poros) near modern-day Bhera, Pakistan, the fighting was almost too much for Alexander’s troops. Worst of all, Raja Puru’s army included 30 war elephants, who spooked the Macedonian cavalry’s horses (and probably the men, as well). When the victorious Macedonians heard that their next target - the Nanda Empire - could muster 6,000 war elephants, the soldiers revolted. Alexander the Great would not conquer the far side of the Ganges. Although the world’s greatest tactician could not convince his troops to take on the Nanda Empire, five years after Alexander turned away, a 20-year-old Chandragupta Maurya would accomplish that feat, and go on to unite almost all of what is nowIndia. The young Indian emperor would also take on Alexander’s successors - and win. Chandragupta Maurya’s Birth and Ancestry: Chandragupta Maurya was born sometime around 340 BCE, reportedly in Patna, now in the Bihar state of India. Given the vast span of time since his birth, it is unsurprising that scholars are uncertain of many details. For example, some texts claim that both of Chandragupta’s parents were of the Kshatriya...
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... OXFORD Copyright © 2004 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton Unhxmt^Pms, U WiffiaM SUrtt, Pnnceton, New Jersey 08540; im^inii!-. •:-..• punght i 1-49 by Botiingen e d i t i o n l n ' i l h Foundation, rc't.'itii.yi •: • andpttt t*j''!' !_•"' . !.,.: b% :''ohi: •• Bough, one-volume edition, p. 386. Copyright, 1922 by The MacmiUan Company and used with their permission). Compare Sigmund Freud: "I recognized the presence of symbolism in dreams from the very beginning. But it was only by degTees and as my experience increased that I arrived at a full appreciation of its extent and significance, and I did so under the influence of . . . Wilhelm Stekel. . . . Stekel arrived at his interpretations of symbols by way of intuition, thanks to a peculiar gift for the direct understanding of them. . . . Advances in psycho-analytic experience have brought to our notice patients who have shown a direct understanding of dream-symbolism of this kind to a surprising extent. . . . This symbolism is not peculiar to dreams, hut is characteristic of unconscious ideation, in particular among the people, and it is to be found in folklore, and in popular myths, legends, linguistic idioms,, proverbial wisdom and current jokes, to a more complete extent than in dreams." {The Interpretation of Dreams, translated by James Strachey, Standard Edition, V, pp. 350-351.) 17 16 THE MONOMYTH MYTH AND DREAM Ones of the Dream" are not to be confused with the personally...
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...Abhaya in Sanskrit means fearlessness, and the abhaya mudra symbolizes protection, peace, and the dispelling of fear. The gesture is made with the right hand raised to shoulder height, arm bent, and palm facing outward. The gesture is an ancient one, demonstrating that the hand is empty of weapons and thus indicating friendship and peace. To western eyes, it looks like the gesture meaning "stop." In both cases, the gesture implies fearlessness before a potential enemy. In Buddhism, the gesture is a symbol of the fearlessness—and thus the spiritual power—of the Buddha or bodhisattva who makes it. According to Buddhist tradition, the historical Buddha made this gesture immediately after gaining enlightenment. And later, when the historical Buddha was about to be attacked by an angry elephant, he held up his hand in the fearlessness gesture and immediately calmed it. The gesture of fearlessness is is only seen on Buddhas or boddhisatvas and appears most commonly in standing images. In Thailand and Laos, the abhaya mudra is seen on the walking Buddha (also called 'the Buddha placing his footprint'), a posture unique to that region. When the right hand is in the abhaya mudra, the left hand usually hangs loosely at the side of the body or makes thevarada mudra, or gift-giving gesture. In some SE Asian Buddha images, both hands are held in the abhaya mudra. In Gandhara art, this mudra was sometimes used...
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...Culture Challenges at Coca Cola Final Group Project of Organisation Planning and Design Akshit Jauhari 15PGPIM05 Devadatt Gholap 15PGPIM12 Ishaan Sharma 15PGPIM16 Piyush Arora 15PGPIM21 Sakshi Jain 15PGPIM43 Ujjwal Singh 15PGPIM44 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 2) Mission & Vision---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 3) Culture at Coca Cola----------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 4) Culture Issue at Coca Cola---------------------------------------------------------------------------5 5) Cultural Change to power innovation------------------------------------------------------------6 6) Teaching Notes-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 7) References----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 INTRODUCTION The Coca-Cola Company, a beverage company is the manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. It is best known for its flagship product Coca- Cola, invented by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in 1886. Asa Candler who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892 bought its formula and brand in 1889. Besides its flagship Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers more than 400 brands in over...
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...Introduction: India and Vietnam are both Asian countries who are quite similar in a number of aspects, and as such it is important to examine and analyze how globalization and other factors have had an impact on them from a social, political, and economic perspective. During the late part of the 20th century, the International Monetary Fund and other organizations collaborated with countries that were struggling economically and offered financial assistance and the creation and implementation of policies. Globalization has had a significant impact on countries around the world; both positive and negative outcomes have resulted from various factors pertaining to globalization. Revolutions such as the Arab Spring uprisings have been influenced by aspects of globalization, such as the changing political sphere and the unstable economic market. Furthermore, the revolutions are more successful in contemporary times as opposed to fifty or one hundred years ago because globalization has provided the world with many comforts, such as the convenience individuals possess in the usage of technology—namely social networking websites. Therefore, it is important to analyze and examine the social, political, and economic changes that have been brought about by globalization, the changing global-politics, as well as social and economic issues that may have caused by or formed after military conflict. India and Vietnam are two countries that are quite similar in terms of GPD per capita rates...
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...The black hole of South-East Asia: strategic decision making in an informational void George T. Haley Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Business, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Chin-Tiong Tan Associate Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, National University of Singapore, Singapore Proposes that most managers and researchers acknowledge that emerging and newly industrialized markets do not have the same quantity of secondary data as the longindustrialized economies of North America and Western Europe. Presents the results of a search of available, business-related, secondary data on South-East Asia’s rapidly growing economies; highlights how this dearth of data has resulted in an informational void that affects the practice of strategic management in the region. Also delineates how regional managers cope with and adapt to the informational void, and to the region’s fastchanging business, cultural and competitive environments, by developing their unique, highly-intuitive style of strategic management. Finally provides some suggestions to bridge this informational void for management practice and for future research. The authors thank the Guest Editor, Dr Usha C.V. Haley, two anonymous reviewers, and Comet, for their excellent comments and suggestions. Management Decision 34/9 [1996] 37–48 © MCB University Press [ISSN 0025-1747] An old adage posits that the quality of one’s decisions depends on the quality of one’s information. The more...
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...Page 1 – ASIA PACIFIC 2012 Copyright © ESOMAR 2012 “SO MANY DIFFERENT SUNS” HOW SUCCESSFUL BRANDS HIT THE CONFLUX OF AFFORDABILITY AND ASPIRATION Shobha Prasad • Sangeeta Gupta INTRODUCTION All of us are familiar with the current industry focus on emerging markets. It is also no surprise that the larger consuming population in these markets lies not at the top end, but towards the middle and lower ends of the income pyramid. This is also where marketers struggle the most – how should the offer be constructed to ensure it is affordable yet desirable? The proposed Theory of Multiple Aspiration & Poverty Lines (MAPL) represented a new and stratified approach to understanding affluence, poverty and aspiration. This has many implications on brand positioning and portfolio strategies for creation of winning brands or “suns”. Objective The objective of this paper was to take this thinking forward through an exploration as follows: Broadly, what are the implications of the Multiple Aspiration & Poverty Lines (MAPL) theory for brand positioning, communication and portfolio management? What drives brand success in the Indian context? What strategies have these brands used to achieve success- to what degree are these brands wedded to symbols of aspiration /belongingness in each social class? How did the brands that were not so successful in the Indian market falter on making the right connections on these dimensions? Approach We identified product categories through which...
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...A religion is an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence.[note 1] Many religions have narratives, symbols, and sacred histories that aim to explain the meaning of life, the origin of life, or the Universe. From their beliefs about the cosmos and human nature, people may derive morality, ethics, religious laws or a preferred lifestyle. Many religions may have organized behaviors, clergy, a definition of what constitutes adherence or membership, holy places, and scriptures. The practice of a religion may include rituals, sermons, commemoration or veneration (of a deity, gods, or goddesses), sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trances, initiations, funerary services, matrimonial services, meditation, prayer, music, art, dance, public service, or other aspects of human culture. Religions may also contain mythology.[1] The word religion is sometimes used interchangeably with faith or set of duties;[2] however, in the words of Émile Durkheim, religion differs from private belief in that it is "something eminently social".[3] A global 2012 poll reports 59% of the world's population as "religious" and 36% as not religious, including 13% who are atheists, with a 9% decrease in religious belief from 2005.[4] On average, women are "more religious" than men.[5] Some people follow multiple religions or multiple religious principles at the same time, regardless of whether or not the religious principles they follow traditionally...
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...THE HANDY RELIGION AN SWE R BOOK JOHN RENARD Detroit The Handy Religion Answer Book™ C O P Y R I G H T © 2002 BY VI S I B LE I N K PRE SS® This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine or newspaper. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Visible Ink Press® 43311 Joy Rd. #414 Canton, MI 48187-2075 Visible Ink Press and The Handy Religion Answer Book are trademarks of Visible Ink Press LLC. Most Visible Ink Press books are available at special quantity discounts when purchased in bulk by corporations, organizations, or groups. Customized printings, special imprints, messages, and excerpts can be produced to meet your needs. For more information, contact Special Markets Director, Visible Ink Press, at www.visibleink.com or (734) 667-3211. Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski Typesetting: Graphix Group Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Renard, John, 1944The handy religion answer book / John Renard. p. cm. ISBN 1-57859-125-2 (pbk.) 1. Religions--Miscellanea. I. Title. BL80.2 .R46 2001 291--dc21 Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved ...
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...Impact of Celebrity Endorsements on Brand Image Debiprasad Mukherjee* August 2009 * Debiprasad Mukherjee is a Business Process Management Consultant in IT Telecom domain. He has experience of working with Siemens, IBM, and Tech Mahindra in India and abroad. He holds Post graduation in Management from Indian Institute of Social Welfare & Business Management, India and Bachelor in Technology in Electrical Engineering. His areas of interest are Brand Management, Consumer Behavior, Advertisement, Customer Relationship Management, Data Warehousing, Business Intelligence, Master Data Management etc. Email:- debiprasad.mukherjee@techmahindra.com / debiprasad.mukherjee@gmail.com Contact: - Techno India Building, 6th Floor EM-4/1, Sector V, SaltLake, Kolkata-700091, INDIA Tel No: +91 334002 8146 / +91 9830318394 This paper can be downloaded from the Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1444814 Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1444814 Abstract Celebrity endorsement has been established as one of the most popular tools of advertising in recent time. It has become a trend and perceived as a winning formula for product marketing and brand building. It is easy to choose a celebrity but it is tough to establish a strong association between the product and the endorser. While the magnitude of the impact of celebrity endorsement remains under the purview of gray spectacles, this paper is an effort to analyze...
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...Volume III Liz Mohn A Cultural Forum Corporate Cultures in Global Interaction Bertelsmann Foundation Gutersloh 2003 A Cultural Forum Corporate Cultures in Global Interaction Global Business Culture – an International Workshop, held in November 2002 in Gutersloh Content 04 05 Content 6 Foreword Liz Mohn Part I: Cultural Diversity as a Challenge for the Management of Globally Acting Companies: Forming Process of Interaction and Acculturation Global Corporate Cultures: Management between Cultural Diversity and Cultural Integration Wolfgang Dorow, Susanne Blazejewski Competing on Social Capabilities: A Defining Strategic Challenge of the New Millennium Piero Morosini Cultural Complexity as a Challenge in the Management of Global Companies Sonja Sackmann Managing Cultural Diversity: Insights from Cross-Cultural Psychology Felix Brodbeck Part II: Trust – Leadership – Conflict Management: Topics of Growing Importance to Multinational Companies at a Time of Globalization Corporate Culture of a Global Company: The Volkswagen Group Ekkehardt Wesner Organisational and Cultural Change at Deutsche Post World Net Joachim Kayser TOSHIBA EUROPE GmbH – An Example of Corporate Culture in Global Interaction Dirk Mandel Topics on the Increasing Significance of Globalization for Multinational Enterprises Gerhard Rübling List of Contributors 10 12 30 58 82 96 98 106 112 115 120 Foreword 06 07 Foreword Liz Mohn Mergers and...
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...RESEARCH and WRITING CUSTOM EDITION Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener ISBN 0-558-55519-5 Research and Writing, Custom Edition. Published by Pearson Custom Publishing. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing. Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. New York, New York 10036 To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. Permission in writing must be obtained from the publisher before any part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system. All trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, and registered service marks are the property of their respective owners and are used herein for identification purposes only. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-536-97722-4 2005240359 AP Please visit our web site at www.pearsoncustom.com ISBN 0-558-55519-5 PEARSON CUSTOM PUBLISHING ...
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...HONOUR KILLING: MURDER IN THE NAME OF HONOUR CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Honour killing is a deep rooted brutal and burning human rights issue in India and other countries. Women particularly are the victims of the gross violation. They exist all over the world but no religion stipulates them. Outdated traditions and alleged honour violating behaviour are the motive for these crimes. The victims are almost always female. Young, unmarried women can "dishonour" their families easily. Every year hundreds of women are killed in India in the name of honour and many cases go unreported and almost all of them go unpunished. The criminal justice system is unable to combat it though it is claimed that the criminal justice system is the most legitimate institution to control this practice in the country. Honour is the most precious moral attribute of mankind. It is deeply ingrained in its nature. Defence of honour even at the cost of life has been prevalent in human beings since ages. It is a commonwealth of close blood relatives. Defilement of honour is taken as the most atrocious social crime and its redemption becomes a joint and sacred duty of close-knit people. Debased groups have a soft approach towards transgression of honour. The sentimental chord dormant in them may react at times; its degree may vary from group to group. Tradition-bound rural societies invariably react violently for the redemption of their honour. To them honour is dearer than life. Honour killings...
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...SAGE India website gets a makeover! Global Products Enhanced Succinct Intuitive THE Improved Interactive Smart Layout User-friendly Easy Eye-catching LEADING WORld’s LEADING Independent Professional Stay tuned in to upcoming Events and Conferences Search Navigation Feature-rich Get to know our Authors and Editors Why Publish with SAGE ? World’s LEADING Publisher and home and editors Societies authors Professional Academic LEADING Publisher Natural World’s Societies THE and LEADING Publisher Natural authors Societies Independent home editors THE Professional Natural Societies Independent authors Societies and Societies editors THE LEADING home editors Natural editors Professional Independent Academic and authors Academic Independent Publisher Academic Societies and authors Academic THE World’s THE editors Academic THE Natural LEADING THE Natural LEADING home Natural authors Natural editors authors home World’s authors THE editors authors LEADING Publisher World’s LEADING authors World’s Natural Academic editors World’s home Natural and Independent authors World’s Publisher authors World’s home Natural home LEADING Academic Academic LEADING editors Natural and Publisher editors World’s authors home Academic Professional authors Independent home LEADING Academic World’s and authors home and Academic Professionalauthors World’s editors THE LEADING Publisher authors Independent home editors Natural...
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