...Student : Hi! 안녕하세요 Customs : Hi! Your passport please? (Please give me your passport ) 안녕하세요 여권좀 주시겠습니까? Student : Here it is. 여기 있습니다 Customs : What is the purpose of your trip to Canada?(Why did you come to Canada?) 캐나다의 오신 목적이 무엇입니까? Student : I will study English here. 공부하러 왔습니다 I will study English for 3months first, then I will travel around Canada. 저는 우선 영어공부를 3개월간 하고 캐나다를 여행할 예정입니다 Customs : Do you have your letter of acceptance from your school? 입학 허가서 있습니까? Student : Yes, here it is. 예 여기 있습니다. Customs : How long are you going to be in Canada? 얼마나 캐나다에 머무실 예정입니까? Student : I will be here for ( ) months. ( )개월간 머물 예정입니다. Customs : Where will you stay? / What is your accommodation? 어디에 머무실 예정입니까? Student : I will stay in homestay program. 저는 홈스테이에 머물겁니다 Customs : Are you bringing in any gifts or presents? 어떤 물건이나 선물들을 가져오셨습니까? Student : Yes, I am. / No, I am not. 예 가져왔습니다/아니오 가져오지 않았습니다 Customs : What is their value? (How much did they cost in Canadian money?) 어느 정도나 하는 물품들입니까? Student : They cost about C$25. 약 25캐네디언 달러입니다. Customs : Everything...
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...The Strategies of Conversation between the Radio Announcers and Their Listeners using Conversation Analysis Theory (A Case Study in MGT FM Bandung) By: Ganjar Nugraha CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Problem In life, as a social being, people need to interact and integrate with other people in a society. In order to interact and integrate, then people need to communicate, one of the most significant tools to communicate is called language. “Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols which permits all people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or to interact” (Finocchiaro, 1974:3). By means of languages, people are able to convey the feelings, the thoughts in mind, and the messages, so that the people can interact with each other. Language constitutes paramount medium for communication in people’s life. “Language plays a great part in human life. (Bloomfield, 1995:3). So, through language, people can interact with each other. One purposes of language is to communicate. “One form of communication is the interaction between speakers” (Lubis, 1988:10).The interaction includes the way speaker to convey meaning and express feeling, also how people do with words and utterances and then form good sentences to be sent to other speakers. To avoid misunderstanding between the speakers, they usually try to convey the messages hard and find another way or strategy to convey the messages. Sometimes, when...
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...Outline Learning English through video diary is the fascinating way to approach English vocabulary Do people nowadays still improving English vocabulary by just reading? For me reading it was just an input. Learning should be interactive. There are a lots of leisure activities surrounding us. People might think that watching an English movie is more effective rather than just reading books. But by just watching is not enough to improve English vocabulary. There is an widely accepted assumption that filming our daily conversations to improve English vocabulary instead of just reading. In the process of filming, we are involves in the conversation. We can improve our listening skills and observes the gesture, tune of voice, action and etc. Body (Why video is being a good tool in learning English) Video as a listening tool “Video as a listening tool can enhance the listening experience for our students. We very rarely hear a disembodied voice in real life but as teachers we constantly ask our students to work with recorded conversations of people they never see.”-- By Mark McKinnon Video is a good tool in performing and adding weight to the situation while we have an argument conversation. We can learn and observes our gesture, action and tune of voice while we were in a conversation. We might tried a lot of methods to improve English vocabulary, for more effectiveness way, we should try out by filming ourselves daily conversations and watch over and over to find out...
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...contains background information about the test, test description, sample of the type of dialogue used in the test, an example of the instructions given to people who take the test, and strategies to use while taking the test. Background Information The Customer Service Department at Southern California Edison (SCE) has created a new bilingual job progression for Customer Service Representative positions: Customer Service Representative (CSR), Customer Service Specialist (CSS), and Senior Customer Service Specialist (Sr. CSS) at the phone centers and local offices to serve customers who do not speak English. The bilingual positions are for individuals who speak English and one of the following languages: Cambodian; Cantonese; Korean; Mandarin; Spanish; and Vietnamese. The Bilingual Test is intended to ensure that people in these bilingual positions are proficient in the non-English language they will use. The best method to confirm one's proficiency in a language is to develop a performance/skill test that is job-related. The Bilingual Test is set up to simulate situations the applicant might encounter on the job (i.e., a phone call or face-to-face discussion of a typical customer problem or request). Policy for Scheduling the Test The Bilingual CSR Test will be given four times a year at regularly scheduled 90-day intervals (early December, March,...
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...in that they both illustrate language difficulties yet they vary in regards to style and focus. Both of these articles depict the authors’ endeavors to bridge the language barriers they encountered. “Conversational Ballgames” reveals the author’s struggle to communicate in Japanese. Sakamoto states, “I began to notice that often, when I joined in [a conversation] the others would look startled and the conversation topic would come to a halt” (529). She goes on to say, “It became clear that I was doing something wrong, but for a long time I didn’t know what it was” (529). Likewise, “Private Language, Public Language,” shares a glimpse into the life of a Hispanic boy straddling two worlds: English speaking America in public, and Spanish speaking Mexico in his home. Rodriguez begins to relay this conflict with the statement, “In public, my father and mother spoke a hesitant, accented, not always grammatical English” (536). His portrayal continues when he says, “At five years of age, I knew just enough English for my mother to trust me on errands to stores one block away. No more” (536). Rodriguez reveals that he spoke English poorly, and that he did not know enough words to express a complete thought (536). Ultimately, both of these articles are good illustrations of language as a barrier rather than a bridge. In contrast, these articles are written in starkly different styles. Sakamoto approaches her point from an...
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...ELL Life By: Tamara P. French More and more students are entering U.S. schools from families whose home language is not English. As educators we must embrace the task of teaching students who have limited English speaking abilities. This is no longer limited to teachers in certain schools or areas of the country. All educators must be aware of how students learn a second language and become fluent. We cannot assume nor have unrealistic expectations about each individual student’s progress, while also maintaining an active schedule of learning. The first step in helping our ELL students become second language fluent is to get familiar with the journey of an ELL. Mrs. Sarah Marino is a physics teacher at Orchard High School. The daughter of Cuban immigrants; Sarah’s first language was Spanish, rather than English. Get to know Sarah Marino and her struggle to become Fluent English Proficient-FEP. Sarah Marino Interview March 20, 2012 1. At what age did you begin acquiring a second language? My family moved to the United States when I was 10 years old and I didn’t attend school for the first year. So I began acquiring my second language-English at 11 years old. 2. What was the biggest challenge? I didn’t know anything! It was completely foreign to me. We were so poor that I hadn’t seen any English speaking movies or anything. It was frustrating because I had no memory to tap into. As an 8 year old, you are only comfortable failing...
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...” talking comes before writing, oral composition before written composition.(Dash, 2004, p.165-166) Speaking is the productive skill in the oral mode. It, like the other skills, is more complicated than it seems at first and involves more than just pronouncing words Josh Billings says“Silence is one of the hardest arguments to refute”. Learning English as one's second language is not unusual in most places of the world. But learning English as one's second language and mastering it thoroughly is a distinguished achievement. By mastering, I mean that one is able to read, write and communicate unambiguously and effectively. In this case, only a few has accomplished due to many problems such as unavailability of native-English instructors in a country, a totally different language structure used at home and a limited amount of time studying English. The main reason why theFilipinos are employed abroad is their ability to speak and understand Englishand so when all countries in the world struggle to learn English (Rama 2000) We ,Filipinosshould not unlearn it. English is a global language and in the worlds of former Education Secretary Richardo Gloria (Castro, 1994) “mastering it willbe beneficial to all our students for they can then compete internationally.” Moreover, Roces (1999) emphasized that the Department of Education should prepare its pupils for the Information Revolution and that “isolatingthem ...
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...In linguistics, code-switching occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation. Multilinguals—speakers of more than one language—sometimes use elements of multiple languages when conversing with each other. 1. Carol Myers-Scotton : Studies on codes witching, the use of two or more languages in the same conversation. 2. John J. Gumperz : On code-switching, as a speaker’s use of more than one language within a single conversation is known. This work, like his analysis of the Heathrow impasse, centered on the idea of using linguistics in the service of social justice. Though earlier accounts of code-switching had suggested that it was largely a random phenomenon — a speaker, the thinking went, might use a smattering of English followed by a smattering of Spanish in an amorphous linguistic soup — Professor Gumperz showed that this switching, however unconscious, had specific triggers, including the need to encode information about the social relationships underpinning the discourse. But though sociolinguistics as a whole embraces spoken language and the printed word, he concentrated on face-to-face verbal exchanges. 3. Maria Cecilia Velásquez : The relationship in a bilingual conversation between language choice and identity has been the subject of research in different disciplines such as sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and second language acquisition among others. 4. Richard...
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...of reading and writing skills were after finishing twelfth grade. My experiences in English 101 have told me the better of what my capabilities are. I’ve seen my skills develop with analyzation and multi-complex discussion through the use of group discussion and developing a conversation with authors. I believe my reading and writing has improved over the course of English 101 from practicing reading responses, participating in small group...
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...to see the differences between them and evaluating why there is a difference in dialect. Transcript ‘09’ is a casual conversation between three young Asian women. The exchange has been set in London and they are unaware of the recording. The speakers language is interactional and somewhat phatic, therefore there is no particular direction in the conversation, as there is no purpose as the teenagers just interacting. Transcript ‘12’ however, is an interview between a Guyana female and an English interviewer. This dialogue takes place in Guyana, whilst the interviewer interviews Patti (the Guyana female). The language is transactional and has a set purpose; to receive information. Transcript ‘09’ is introduced with an attempt at topic management by speaker A, who opens the conversation with the definite statement of ‘Zainab is Syed’s // mum’. The way the speaker opens this conversation highlights the uncertainty she feels when initiating the conversation, showing us through the audio, that she does not know how to start the conversation. However, as the conversation progresses, all three speakers are able to equally put their points across whilst discussing the same topic; East Enders. Following the introduction, turn taking and overlapping are seen in the conversation, showing to the audio listeners that all members in this spontaneous conversation is comfortable and well aware of the topic. Thus...
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...languages, words, phrases, and ways of communication. The way we all speak is different based upon our surroundings. Communication is a way of expression among people. The various ways of communication can also influence other individuals on how to speak and write. The various ways of communication do not matter if it is the same language or not because slang, text, or more can all be in the same language or in various languages such as Spanglish. Although, we mostly speak Spanish in my family, in various moments we tend to speak Spanglish. Spanglish is a form of bilingualism that consists of English and Spanish. Even though we include a mixture of English and Spanish we understand what we are saying to one another. “Language...
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...terms of language, is the use of more than one language, by a person or more, during their conversations with each other. Code Switching is done simply because those persons know more than one language and have more than one language in common. This switch may last for a couple of sentences, for only a single phrase or may be only for a single word. It depends on how the persons take it with themselves and the others. In the article Code Switching it is written that “the switch is commonly made according to the subject of discourse, but may be for a variety of other reasons such as the mood of the speaker. For example, a person might only swear in French Language” ( 1 ). As described in the article Code Switching, there are number of situations why code switching occurs: A family that has recently immigrated to a country where a different language is spoken may switch back and forth between that language and their mother tongue, while they are learning the new language……...(this phenomenon is Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria)……………… Also, in countries with a large number of people from different ethnic backgrounds, communities will commonly switch between the language of their indigenous roots……….. code switching regularly happens between North American Mormon missionaries stationed overseas.”( 1 ) Because of the effectiveness of code switching it is widely used during our conversation. Code switching helps us to express ourselves in many ways. Firstly one can express themselves...
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...What is Bilingualism and how do people communicate bilingually? A critical analysis of the topic in the book “Academic Writing: Making the transition” by Steve Marshall. The book has a number of definitions for the term Bilingual. Edwards (1994), states that virtually all people were bilingual in nature. He stated that anyone who can communicate few words of another language is bilingual. This is to say that for example, if someone went on holiday to another country and could exchange a simple greeting in the foreign language, then he would be considered to be bilingual. The writer of the article states that the definition by Edwards is far from what most people consider to be bilingual because most people define bilingualism as the ability to fluently speak two languages. The problem with the Marshall’s statement is that he has not explained how he found out that most people define Bilingualism to be the ability to speak two languages fluently. He simply assumes this without giving conclusive evidence. It would have been better if he would have conducted a research or had the opinions of people on what they considered to be bilingual and would conclude based on the response by the people. Edwards’s definition is also ambiguous because the assumption that simply speaking a word of a foreign language makes one bilingual makes almost all people of the world bilingual because most people know few words of a foreign language and this would mean that everyone is bilingual...
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...1. Summarize the conversation from NPR in one paragraph The host invites two authors of the spinglish dictionary. First, the host introduces the meaning of spinglish, telling us spinglish play an important role in many areas, such as politics, media and business. Second, the author mentions some examples from the spinglish dictionary and life, and the authors give corresponding explanations. What’s more, the authors give us some ways about transferring English to Spinglish and spinglish to English. 2. How would you define spinglish based on the conversation? Explain. Spinglish is a vivid style of English that makes people feel better and look better when heard the words and sentences. Spinglish can express the word in mild and indirectly expression. 3. What are three examples of spinglish mentioned in the conversation? 1)From advertising, Apple employee supposes to say “as turns out” instead of unfortunately. Because “as turns out” is a neutral word but “unfortunately “is a negative word that bad will happen. So it may not seem to express the blame for consumers. 2)Learning opportunity: when you make mistakes, somebody wants to correct you. It particular be used in school. Maturity ?trysts : facial wrinkles. Negative net worth: bankrupt. outdoor citizens: hunter house, house loose. Package agent: grocery. Quiet neighbor across the street: with good bones. 3)Obama: kinetic military action. They want to invade the country but they would use the word to advocate...
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...or phrase of a language into a sentence in another language. On the other hand, intersentential occurs at clause or sentence boundaries. In this case, a narrator adds a whole sentence of a particular language during speaking in another language. In addition, he describes how to distinguish between code-switching and code-mixing. The main difference is whether or not the speaker knows how to differentiate between the two languages. If they do, it must be code-switching. This chapter describes how to approach to my recording data with theoretical background. Since it is hard to explain why and how code-switching is happening in the data, this chapter provides me a strong notion of code-switching, which will help me when I analyze the conversation. I believe I can begin to build up my own analysis from here not only with recognizing and differentiating the concepts of intrasentential and intersentential, but also code-switching and code-mixing. Pagano, A. (2010). Code‐switching: a korean case study. Griffith working papers in pragmatics and intercultural communication , 3(1), 22-38. The...
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