...Is it good to have English as global language? What is a global language? Does it mean that everyone in the world speaks English? This is certainly not true. Does it mean, then, that every country in the world recognizes Englis has an official language? This is not true either. So what? A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country. There are two main ways in which this can be done. Firstly, a language can be made the official language of a country, to be used as a medium of communication in such domains as government, the law courts, the media, and the educational system. Secondly, a language can be made a priority in a country’s foreign-language teaching, even though this language has no official status. It becomes the language which children are most likely to be taught when they arrive in school. Why a language becomes a global language has little to do with the number of people who speak it. It is much more to do with who those speakers are. Latin became an international language throughout the Roman Empire, but this was not because the Romans were more numerous. They were simply more powerful. And later, when Roman military power declined, Latin remained for a millennium as the international language of education, thanks to a different sort of power – the ecclesiastical power of Roman Catholicism. There is the closest of links between language dominance and economic, technological, and cultural power...
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...Can English be Dethroned? How many languages do you speak? Is English your second language? Most people would agree that English is the current lingua franca of the world, which is the most commonly used language. And as global economy continues to grow, more than ever before will be studying English. Some others believe that English will eventually be replaced to be the world’s lingua franca. Even though some people oppose the future status of English as a global language, I believe that they are wrong because they do not see the advantages that English has. English is the language that you cannot ignore in our world today. It is considered like a link to connect people from everywhere in business, education and communication. The English language is and will be important in a global society. People need it in their life all around the world because they need a common language. This is the main reason why English is the most widely spoken and the most commonly studied language in the world. First of all, some people do not accept English as a main language, on the contrary, they have a strong ambition to change it because they think if they adopt English as a global language, there would be some people who may stop using less their native languages. In contrast, I believe those people should not react in that way, they should see the advantages of English as a global language instead of the disadvantages. Also, people who have English as a second language do not use it for...
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...English y the largest language by number of words; the Oxford English Dictionary lists 500,000 words, not including technical and scientific terms.[18][19] Contents [hide] * 1 Significance * 2 History * 3 Classification and related languages * 4 Geographical distribution * 4.1 Countries in order of total speakers * 4.2 Countries where English is a major language * 4.3 English as a global language * 4.4 Dialects and regional varieties * 4.5 Constructed varieties of English * 5 Phonology * 5.1 Vowels * 5.1.1 Notes * 5.2 Consonants * 5.2.1 Notes * 5.2.2 Voicing and aspiration * 5.3 Supra-segmental features * 5.3.1 Tone groups * 5.3.2 Characteristics of intonation—stress * 6 Grammar * 7 Vocabulary * 7.1 Number of words in English * 7.2 Word origins * 7.2.1 Dutch and Low German origins * 7.2.2 French origins * 8 Writing system * 8.1 Basic sound-letter correspondence * 8.2 Written accents * 9 Formal written English * 10 Basic and simplified versions * 11 See also * 12 References * 12.1 Notes * 12.2 Bibliography * 13 External links | [edit] Significance See also: English-speaking world and Anglosphere Modern English, sometimes described as the first global lingua franca,[20][21] is the dominant...
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...To what extent English is the global language? http://www2.ignatius.edu/FACULTY/TURNER/languages.htm http://www2.ignatius.edu/FACULTY/TURNER/worldlang.htm (detailed tables) http://www.photius.com/rankings/languages2.html 影响语言传播的因素： 1. http://www.5ykj.com/Article/xslwwjws/93980.htm 历史 经济 难度 对人类文明的贡献 2. http://bbs.hupu.com/12561712.html 短期看不太可能。决定语言传播的有几个因素： 1. 国家实力（说中文的就中国一个大头） 2. 文化输出（这点上天朝弱爆，天朝目前以及可短期预见的未来里，不具备输入文化的足够实力）等哪天天朝的流行文化，各种文化，电影，流行歌，书，明星等逆向输入英语世界，等哪天英语国家的青少年开始哈中了，这时候我们才谈中文的逆袭。 3. 本身语言文字的难易度。中文不是一个利于快速传播的语言，后天习得难度巨大。 3. Document1 (paragraph4) 4. Culture spreadness 5. 5. http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=u733VvLhWItC_L2N0NrNiPB5kT5hm6SGOMLBM-HRhwMN3t6W1If1jI3DCY8_NusQ6K1OVIrst1aZC3oryN_2j4NfkvS38bgbJID1xyXJHOe 6. http://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=1&ch=&tn=baidu&bar=&wd=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0&oq=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD%E4%BC%9A%E8%B6%85%E8%B6%8A%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%90%97&rsv_pq=f73fcbbc00005448&rsv_t=1c37I3ZHyUkz%2FcxqQx%2FJKRg2ApudJ9e9su6XOsBJOvarp4wAXiEhF5wwq68&rsv_enter=1&inputT=21859 Difficulty 1. http://www.effectivelanguagelearning.com/language-guide/language-difficulty Language difficulty ranking The definition of global language A global language is a language spoken internationally and that is learned by many people as a second language. A world language is characterized not only by the total number of speakers...
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...Introduction English language was introduced in South China in the eighteenth century. It took root in the mid nineteenth century when a school teaching English was started. The first missionary schools lasted for 10 years (1835-1851). After the 1860 war the schools were reopened and they spread to other parts of china. Between 1872 and 1925 over 7,000 missionary schools were operational with over 260,000 students. Learning English was a means to learning modernized military methods and an opening for china to work with foreign countries and create alliances. Strained relations with USSR when Russian language was to replace English gave the Western culture a better impact opportunity (Hughes, 2006). The support of English has undergone many difficulties but since the 1980’s China has encouraged working relations and study opportunities in English as it has helped them economically, politically and in its cultural dynamics. English has received much support in recent years as it has made Chinas world market expand astronomically. On other hand, China is obliged to use English language for the purposes of international trade and interaction. This is because English has remained to be the world largest spoken language (Wu, 2012). Economical China has enjoyed successful relations with on a global scale for its conformation to the English language. Since 1980’s, Mainland China has been doing business with different international countries but especially those with an English support...
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...“English as a global language, and the concepts of Self and Other” Research compiled for The Paper Store Enterprises Inc By Jani Liggins, October 2011 For More Information On How To Use This Report Correctly, Please Visit www.paperwriters.com/aftersale.htm There are two ways in which the concept of English as an international language might be approached, with reference to the need for efficient global communication and the issue of Self and Other, in terms of both individual and national identity, which Edward Said addresses. On the one hand, one could reasonably assert that there is a necessity for a global language, and several valid justifications for that language being English. For example, with the advent of the new technology and global communication, it is evident that national barriers are being dissolved and there is a much greater degree of interaction between different countries, both on a personal and a corporate level. From this point of view, it is clear that the method of communication which is employed should be one that is familiar to all, even though this does not in itself mean that the individuals concerned would need to sacrifice their original methods of communication in order to participate in a global one. In many countries, the second language which is taught in schools is English: in addition, most Europeans already have English as a second language, and in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres...
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...A2 English Language Revision Guidance and Easter Work 2015 (1) Make sure you have your revision timetable worked out. Use calendar to plan work for different subjects (2) Make sure your folders/booklets/handouts are sorted out for: a. Language Diversity i. Language Change – over time (timelines, key events, language features, theories, standardisation etc) ii. Different varieties of English (American, Caribbean, Indian, theories, Kachru, divergence, creolisation, basilect, prestige forms, etc) b. Child Language Development i. Spoken Language (terms, theories, stages, etc). ii. Written language (terms, theories, stages, phonics, IPA etc). (3) For each area of the course, revise terminology, concepts, issues, theories etc (see overleaf). Booklets provide a very good starting point + VLE and links to helpful resources and sites. (4) Terminology and Method: For all questions you need to be able to use the Language Constituents and relate these to Context. So revision of Language Constituents, word classes, grammar etc is important eg you need to be quick and confident recognising features like imperatives, passive voice, noun phrase structure, different pronouns, modal verbs etc. And of course be able to comment on their effects: TERM – DEFINITION - EXAMPLE – COMMENT ON EFFECT [See the checklist overleaf.] (5) Theories and Issues. Read and makes notes on ‘Language: A Student Handbook’ (you have to give this book back after Easter). Particularly useful for...
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...Why is English the international language? The fact that English is now the main international language is indisputable. In all aspects of international life – trade, science, diplomacy, education and travel – the common language is English and has been for decades. There are two main reasons why English is the current lingua franca; political history and economics. First, one of the main reasons why English is the international language in the world today is the fact that Britain was the global superpower in the nineteenth century and America is the global superpower in the twentieth and twenty-first. For example, these two English-speaking countries were the most important countries in terms of the military and trade. By conquering and colonising so much of the world, their customs, culture and way of life became common in those parts of the world. This is why so many ex-British colonies now have English as the national language, with many of their people speaking English as a first language. Second, a further reason for the spread and of English is economics. By being the global political and military superpower, these two countries also became the leading trading nations and many countries and territories needed to learn English in order to trade with them. The USA is currently a major trading partner with almost every other country on the planet due to the size of the consumer economy. This explains why in many countries, English is a...
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...The Importance of English in the World of International Business ‘English is now a global language that belongs to all those who speak it.’ (Nigel Newton, publisher) It is the technology that allows people to travel further and faster than ever before. It is the Internet that links people regardless their nationalities and countries they live in. And technology is also the reason why lots of business people are active globally and why more and more entrepreneurs are on the move than ever before. In this world full of the state-of-the-art technology English serves as a uniting element in many situations, giving all entrepreneurs and small companies a better chance on the market and an ideal comparative advantage over those who lack the ability to communicate in this language. There is no doubt that professional knowledge and experience is essential for entrepreneurs and managers. But reaching and staying at the top requires more than just being knowledgeable and experienced. One of the reasons why some entrepreneurs are successful and some of them are, let us stay optimistic, less successful, may lie in the ability to communicate knowledge in a foreign language. Of course, one has to agree that entrepreneurs and companies can hire interpreters who are both fluent and skilled. However, entrepreneurs cannot expect that people, who are not really involved in a company’s matters, will establish relationships in the way loyal and committed employees of the company can...
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...liberalization of markets. Anthony Giddens (1990: 64) has described globalization as ‘the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away". As well as offering opportunity it brings with considerable risks linked, for example, to technological change. Many of the activities that previously involved face-to-face interaction, or that were local, are now conducted across great distances. There has been a significant de-localization in social and economic exchanges. Activities and relationships have been uprooted from local origins and cultures. One important element in this has been the separation of work from the home. But de-localization goes well beyond this. Increasingly people have to deal with distant systems in order that they may live their lives. Banking and retailing, for example, have adopted new technologies that involve people in less face-to-face interaction. Our contact at the bank is in a call centre many miles away; When we buy goods on the internet the only person we might speak to is the delivery driver. The ‘spaces’ we inhabit when using the internet to buy things or to communicate can allow us to develop a rather different sense of place and of the community to which we belong. Not everything is global, of course. Most employment, for example, is local or regional – but ‘strategically crucial activities and economic factors are networked around...
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...Unit 2: Assignment 1: Global Challenges Associated with E-Commerce December 18, 2012 IT500-01N: Critical Concepts and Competencies for the IT Professional Instructor: Dr. Sheila Fournier-Bonilla Kaplan University Unit 2: Assignment 1: Global Challenges Associated with E-Commerce E-Commerce has changed the ways that companies do business, they are no longer confined to certain areas, regions, or even countries. "E-Commerce and m-commerce offer enormous opportunities by allowing manufacturers to buy supplies at low cost...they also offer enterprises a chance to sell globally.." (Stair and Reynolds, 2012). E-Commerce is not an easy venture and there are many challenges that are associated with all global systems wishing to implement e-commerce. The challenges that will be discussed and analyzed in this paper are; cultural, language, time and distance, infrastructure, currency, and state, regional, and national law challenges. It is very important that companies wishing to implement e-commerce systems in a global market pay very close attention to dealing with these challenges or they just might fail in their venture. Cultural Challenges The first thing that must be realized when implementing e-commerce is that you are going to be dealing with people from other cultures and not all cultures are the same. According to Kamel (2008) "cultural differences have a profound impact on the usability, acceptability, and user performance of Web sites". Companies must understand...
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... I believe that bilingualism is central to Canada’s identity, as well as other languages. Pierre Elliott Trudeau has said that, “Bilingualism unites people; dualism divides them. Bilingualism means you can speak to the other; duality means you live in one language and the rest of Canada will live in another language”. Bilingualism is an essential part of Canadian nature and in the Canadian policy it promotes individuals to study a different language so you can be able to have mutual understanding with others. One thing to define being a Canadian is living in a country with two official languages, but doesn’t mean that living in a bilingual city you have to know French and English. A bilingual country, people or even ethnicity is a benefit to the citizens and society. A research in psychology proves that learning a second language increases reasoning and problem-solving abilities. Canadian children who are bilingual appreciate cultural differences and have the ability to communicate better. Being bilingual is makes you more open and flexible to critical understanding and appreciating different ways of problem solving and more inspired to becoming involved. The openness of bilingualism is reflected towards society that may direct at the political rank to a better firmness. Bilingual workers have a greater chance of getting large income benefit over workers who only speak English or French. Bilingual children are said to be able to focus their attention better on...
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...The Future of English? A guide to forecasting the popularity of the English language in the 21st century David Graddol First published 1997 © The British Council 1997, 2000 All Rights Reserved This digital edition created by The English Company (UK) Ltd David Graddol hereby asserts and gives notice of his right under section 77 of the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author of this work. What is this book about? This book is about the English language in of the English language and concludes that forecasting, identifies the patterns which the 21st century: about who will speak it and for what purposes. It is a practical the future is more complex and less predictable than has usually been assumed. underlie typical linguistic change and describes the way large corporations have briefing document, written for educationists, politicians, managers – indeed any decision maker or planning team with a professional interest in the development of English worldwide. The book has been commissioned by the British Council to complement the many texts already available about the teaching and learning of English, the history and used ‘scenario planning’ as a strategy for coping with unpredictable futures. Section three outlines significant global trends which will shape the social and economic world in the 21st century. Section four discusses the impacts these trends are The Future of English? takes stock...
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...Education And Qualifications : 2003 – 2007: Faculty of commerce – English section - Tanta University Bachelor degree in Accounting. Pursuing Masters of Business Administration (MBA) at Arab Academy for Science and Technology, Alexandria's Branch, Human Resources (HR) Major. 2010 – Now: Currant Occupation: - Program Assistant and Trainer for Political Parties at the National Democratic Institute (NDI) for International Affairs, Alexandria, Egypt. Former Follow Up Agent (Customer Service Dept.) at Link Dot Net, Broad Band Alexandria (First internet Service Provider Company in Egypt). - - Former Secretary General of Alexandria International Model United Nations 2010 (AIMUN2010), In partnership with World Bank (WB), Youth Entrepreneurship and Sustainability (YES, Inc.), United Nations (UN), and Suzanne Mubarak Women's International Peace Movement, and the Swedish Institute. Former Board Member of the Youth Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Egypt Network (YES, Inc.) - 1 Experiences: 2006 : IBM Certificate in Introduction of Visual Basic 6. : Training in the Egyptian Stock Exchange Market. : Participated and Organized the 5th Alexandria International Bridge Festival at Alexandria Sporting Club. 2007 : Delegate at the Alexandria International Model of United Nations (AIMUN2007), in partnership with the Public Information Center (PIC) of the World Bank Group, Egypt and the Global Youth Employment Summit (YES) : Elected as the Best Delegate during...
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...has a very short attention span and if a website isn’t immediately engaging, the user will move on. There are also language barriers that prevent websites from being useful. Websites are created in every country, in every language, in every dialect of language. The content needs to be translated for the information to be universal. There are many tools and websites that translate information to be understandable to every internet user on the planet. Google Translate. Initial problems, with my last name being Bell, translation did not realize it was a surname, and translated it. I initially translated my page into German, where it translated it to Glocke. There are phrases that it also didn’t pick up and translate at all. Management Accounting and Bachelor of Science were not translated and left in English. However, when I used the site www.online-translator.com to translate my page to German, it realized that Bell was a surname and did not translate, and it also translated Management Accounting and Bachelor of Science properly into German. I would say that out of the two translators, the online-translator.com site performed better than the Google Translate. While machine and program ran translators are useful for basic language sites. But there are times when a professional translator will be required. Programs aren’t able to pick up on the nuances of every language. There are words that exist in German that have no...
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