...2010/9/30 Oral English Test in Middle School: Current Situation and Strategies Abstract: Oral English is becoming more and more important to both teaching and learning, which requires effective methods to assess and test oral English. This essay analyzes the current situation of oral testing in middle school and focus on the eight strategies to solve the problems in oral testing. It aims at investigating students’ current study situation and work out the English language oral assessment for middle school students. Key words: oral English test current situation strategies Current situation about oral English test Usually, English teachers pay more attention on testing their students’ ability of language comprehension than language production. They often use listening or writing test forms to classify the students’ level. Students’ communicating ability is frequently ignored. In fact, language production is more difficult to study than language comprehension. Note that communicating is used in the sense of conveying information. Communicating ability really shows how well the students master the language. Oral tests can just be managed to test students’ language production as well as the communicating ability. Nowadays, more and more teachers and students aware the importance of communication. Teachers use various teaching methods to encourage their students to speak English to have real communication. They also have the aware of arranging oral tests to judge the...
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...This survey focuses on three main dimensions to identify the issue with oral participation in the English class, the first dimension was focused on the oral activities itself implemented in class, students were asked to provide their opinion regarding their attitude towards those activities and to give reasons. The second dimension was focused on the class environment and teacher, students had to state if both the classes and the teacher contribute or thwart their willingness to participate. The third dimension had to do with students’ personal matters and their attitude towards oral participation, as well as the main causes of their position regarding oral production and...
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...The Washback Effect of Oral English Testing on English Teaching Abstract: Language Testing, as the partner of language teaching, can not only serve to check the achievements of language teaching, but also can produce the washback effect. This thesis introduces the interrelationship between the two important aspects concerning language learning and the characteristics of oral English test in recent years, trying to analyze the washback effect of oral English test on English teaching and to provide for some constructive suggestions in order to promote the oral English teaching. Keywords: Oral English testing, English teaching, washback effect 0. Introduction Language testing and teaching can be regarded as twins-they are so closely interrelated that it’s impossible to work in either field without the other one. Language testing can serve to check the achievements of language teaching and at the same time it can exert some washback effects on teaching, which may be conducive to language teaching or do harm to it. The relationship between oral English testing and teaching is also the same case. The aim of oral English teaching is to enable the students to obtain the flexible communicative abilities and to deal with all kinds of circumstances involved in using oral English. Oral English testing is a scientific measuring tool. On one hand, it can give the students an objective, accurate and justice judgment of their oral English abilities and on the other hand it can check...
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...Oral Test in English week 48, 1C On Monday or Thursday in week 48, you are all going to have an oral test in English. This test will be a group discussion of short stories that we have studied and the film that we have watched: • “Brackley and the Bed”, pp. 39-43 • “A Soldier’s Bride”, pp. 57-61 • “The Moose and the Sparrow”, pp, 103-109 • “The Sniper”, pp. 114-116 • “Blood Diamond”, the movie + pp. 68-71 What is a group discussion? A group discussion is an assessment situation where you sit with your teacher and discuss a topic. During the discussion, the teacher will ask you different questions relevant to the stories / the film and its content. We will focus primarily on the analysis of the stories / the film, so you should know some things about the plot, the setting, the main characters, the point of view and the themes. In the group discussion, you will draw (=trekke) a story /film, and this is what we will start talking about. During the discussion we will probably include one or two of the other stories as well. In order to prepare properly for this discussion, you should read attentively. Since your analysis should be based on evidence from the story; make notes while you read, and find good examples in the story which illustrate the characters, the themes etc. The examples you find can serve as evidence for your interpretation. What is important in the discussion is to present your thoughts and reflections on the stories. You will be graded individually...
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...1) What is the aim of the study? The aim of the study is using drama in classes to improve classes and motivate students. It is not a traditional way so teacher used this way. 2) How would reflection help learning? Reflection includes tapping into feelings and re-evaluating the experience.Sharing observations and attitudes, and comparing them to those of their classmates would help learning. 3)What are the advantages of using drama in a language class to promote learning? Using drama in a language class can change students' attitudes to target language. They can feel less insecure, more self confidence. It can improve their English so they can understand it more easily.They can speak in front of a lot of people easily. It can also teach students to how to speak, to talk, to walk, to be another person. It improves in different ways.It has a lot of advantages. 4)What is the best way to promote reflection? Describing their classroom experiences is the best way to promote reflection. 5)What is portfolio? What is its role in reflection? Portfolio is a record of best performances or productions. Portfolios are good way to practice. You can show your best performances.You can share your own ideas. 6)What are the stages used in the study? What is the aim of each stage and how are they organized? There are three stages; 1- Preliminary Stage The aims are; getting to know each other relaxing and laughing while doing voice,breathing,and...
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...INTRODUCTION Oral literature of folk literature refers to the heritage of imaginative verbal creations, stories, folk believes and songs of pre-literate societies have been evolved and passed on through the spoken word from one generation to the other. As a relatively new field of study. The African literature is a produce within an environment in the predominant of mode of communication is oral. African writers have also been falling back on the rich oral tradition of their people. The extent to see a writer uses the oral tradition is always often determined by his closeness to the Africa oral tradition. The influence of African oral tradition on African poetry helps to authenticate or establish the authencity of Africa literary tradition Orality in Modern African poetry manifest itself in a number of ways. It has to do with both the content as well as the form of African poetry. The most obvious prove that contemporary African poets are indebted to the indigenous poetic tradition of their people is in their interest in rehabilitating and excavating traditional poetic forms. For instance Wole Soyinka ‘IDANRE’ is best understood within the Ijala poetic traditions among the Yoruba culture. The poem in a sense is a form of Ijala as it celebrates Ogun- the god of Iron Kofi Awoonor also models his poem on the traditional poems of abuse among the Ewe of Ghana. Niyi Osundare has also admitted at many of his poems are written in form of ‘oriki’. Each of these poets has been...
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... Alpha Delta Gamma. He worked in printing and publishing prior to entering the Society of Jesus in 1935, and was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1946. In 1941 Ong earned a master's degree in English at Saint Louis University. His thesis on sprung rhythm in the poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins (see An Ong Reader, 2002: 111-74) was supervised by the young Canadian Marshall McLuhan. Ong also received the degrees Licentiate of Philosophy and Licentiate of Sacred Theology from Saint Louis University. After completing his dissertation on the French logician and educational reformer Peter Ramus (1515-1572) and Ramism under the supervision of Perry Miller at Harvard University in 1954, Ong returned to Saint Louis University, where he would teach for the next 30 years. In 1955 he received his Ph.D. in English from Harvard University. In 1963 the French government honored Ong for his work on Ramus by dubbing Ong a knight, Chevalier de l'Ordre des Palmes académiques. In 1966-1967 Ong served on the 14-member White House Task Force on Education that reported to President Lyndon Johnson. In 1971 Ong was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In April and May 1974, he served as Lincoln Lecturer, presenting lectures in French in Cameroun, Zaire, and Senegal and in English in Nigeria. In 1967 Ong served as president of the Milton Society of America. In 1978 Ong served as elected president of the Modern Language Association of America. He was very active on the lecture...
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...had servants to keep their teeth and hair clean, therefore teeth were the in need of serious attention. As early as 3000 B.C. Egypt had 100 medical specialties, half a dozen associated with dentistry, and dental specialists practicing there. (Singh, et al.) informs that much of Egyptians dental art was unknown to early Egyptologist, as unexplainable and inscrutable as the sphinx or the tooth like pyramids was active from the nearby sands. The Egyptian secrets were finally found in about 1862 when archeologist George Ebbers was exploring the Acropolis at Thebes. George Eber discovered the papyrus Ebbers between mummy bones. The papyrus Ebbers showed that Egyptian attachment with the pathology of the oral...
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...mandatory statements in detail. What To Put on a Label Product Identity Declaration (Common Name) The label must identify the common name of the product in terms of its generic name or function. Except in cases where the product is a test market product, a local product, a specialty product, or a product for which knowledge of a specific language is required, the product identity must be given in both English and French. The product identity declaration must be located on the principal display panel. The product identity declaration must be clearly legible, and meet the requirements for minimum type height. Net Quantity Declaration The net quantity declaration must be located on the principal display panel. The net quantity must be displayed clearly and prominently in distinct contrast to any other information shown on the label. The numerical portion of the net quantity must be in bold face type and meet the minimum type height requirements. The net quantity declaration must be expressed in units of liquid volume. The net quantity must be declared in both English and French using a valid metric word or symbol as a unit of measurement. A valid metric symbol is deemed to be bilingual. The net quantity must be correctly rounded off and given to the required degree of precision. Dealer Name and Place of Business (Dealer...
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...SEALANT COSTS Sir, I was interested to read the practice paper by Dr Bonetti on Evidence not practised: The underutilisation of preventive fissure sealants.1 In the recently published clinical guideline by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN),2 it has been suggested that resin-based PFSs should be applied to the permanent molars of all children as early after eruption as possible. In other words, applications should usually take place between the ages of 6-7 years for first permanent molars and 11-12 years for second permanent molars. In 2012/13, approximately 30% of primary 7 children (mean age 11.5 years) in Scotland received PFSs.3 In Scotland, the current cost of application of PFS to unfilled permanent molar teeth within two years of their eruption is £8.15 per tooth.4 To increase the uptake of PFSs in first permanent molars from 30% to 60% in Scottish children aged 6-7 years, SIGN estimated that the incremental cost would be over £1 million. Similarly, over £1 million would be required to double the uptake of PFSs in second permanent molars in Scottish children aged 11-12 years.2 It was not possible to segregate visits incorporating treatment with visits representing routine examinations in the above estimated costs; therefore, the total cost of service provision in Scotland may have been underestimated. However, potential savings from restorations avoided are also excluded.2 Implementation of the SIGN guideline is the responsibility of each NHS board...
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...preparedfor them. Imagine, for a moment, a world without premarital sex. Therewould be no sexually-transmitted diseases, there would be no un-wedmothers, there would be no unwanted pregnancies, there would be noabortions, etc. According to the Bible, abstinence is God's only policy when itcomes to premarital sex. Abstinence saves lives, protects babies, givessexual relations the proper value, and most importantly abstinence honorsGod. Thus, as defined in the dictionary, an urge or shall we say, thoughts of manifesting them, is sex. (The Bible calls this lust) To have physicalintercourse is sex. Whether it is two unmarried partners or one married andone not - it is sex. Participating "up to a point" of actual physical intercourse,such as having oral sex, is sex. Societal trends don't change the definitions.Frankly, there is no line to draw; it is strictly a decision to engage in sexualactivity or not. There are many factors to consider in this choice. Included inthese factors are unwanted pregnancies, unwanted children, life-longemotional effects (regret, broken hearts and guilt are among them). Wecannot neglect to add sexually transmitted diseases, the...
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...Sexual health education in the schools: Questions & Answers 3rd Edition Sexual health education in the schools: Questions & Answers (3rd edition) A resource with answers to your questions about sexual health education in our schools This resource document was prepared by Alexander McKay, Ph.D, Research Coordinator, and Mary Bissell, Ph.D., Information Services Coordinator, Sex Information and Education Council of Canada (SIECCAN) contEntS IntroductIon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 QuEStIonS: 1. Sexual health and Canadian youth: How are we doing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Why do we need sexual health education in the schools?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Do parents want sexual health education taught in the schools? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Do young people want sexual health education taught in the schools? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. What values are taught in school-based sexual health education?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. Does providing youth with sexual health education lead to earlier or more frequent sexual activity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Is there...
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...JORIND (9)1 June, 2011. ISSN 1596-8303. www.transcampus.org/journals. www.ajol.info/journals/jorind PSYCHO-CULTURAL VARIABLES PREDICTING ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS’ TOWARDS HIV COUNSELLING AND TESTING IN SELECTED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA. Olujide Adekeye, Augustine Ebiai and Sussan Olufunmilola Adeusi Department of Psychology, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria E-mail: oadekeye@covenantuniversity.com, aebiai@yahoo.com, funmiswayas@yahoo.com Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess attitude of young people (n=287, mean=20.5 years) towards testing for HIV/AIDS. The participants completed a standard socio-demographic questionnaire, indicating sexual behaviour, cultural beliefs and practices, attitude to HCT, and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 alpha level were used to analyze the data. The study indicates that most participants have poor knowledge of HCT centres in their communities, but had a fairly high knowledge level of HIV. The findings of this study include that there is a significant difference in the disposition to HCT between respondents who have experienced sexual intercourse and those who have not (t = 3.866, df = 285: p<0.05) and between male and female respondents (t = 4.775, df = 285; p< 0.05). The study also shows that knowledge of HIV/AIDS was the strongest predictor of attitude of young people towards HCT ( = 0.547; t = 3.458 p<0.05), closely followed by cultural practices ( = 0.324; t = 2.740 p<0.05)...
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...Chapter 1 SIGMUND FREUD AN INTRODUCTION Sigmund Freud, pioneer of Psychoanalysis, was born on 6th May 1856 in Freiberg to a middle class family. He was born as the eldest child to his father’s second wife. When Freud was four years old, his family shifted and settled in Vienna. Although Freud’s ambition from childhood was a career in law, he decided to enter the field of medicine. In 1873, at the age of seventeen, Freud enrolled in the university as a medical student. During his days in the university, he did his research on the Central Nervous System under the guidance of German physician `Ernst Wilhelm Von Brucke’. Freud received his medical degree in 1881and later in 1883 he began to work in Vienna General Hospital. Freud spent three years working in various departments of the hospital and in 1885 he left his post at the hospital to join the University of Vienna as a lecturer in Neuropathology. Following his appointment as a lecturer, he got the opportunity to work under French neurologist Jean Charcot at Salpetriere, the famous Paris hospital for nervous diseases. So far Freud’s work had been entirely concentrated on physical sciences but Charcot’s work, at that time, concentrated more on hysteria and hypnotism. Freud’s studies under Charcot, which centered largely on hysteria, influenced him greatly in channelising his interests to psychopathology. In 1886, Freud established his private practice in Vienna specializing in nervous diseases...
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...Report on most sustainable brands: Toothpaste Toothpaste is a paste or gel that is used to clean and maintain the aesthetic and health of the teeth. In India many national as well as international brands have presence. When it comes to toothpaste a lot of international as well as national brands compete in the market. Each one of them claims which are unique to their products. There are old major players like Colgate, Pepsodent and Closeup; at the same time local players like Dabur, Himalaya, Vicco and K. P. Nambootiri. Some of these brands claim to be 100% herbal and others promise to give 99.9% germicheck. Majority of the market is shared by Colgate, Closeup and Pepsodent. The following 8 brands of toothpaste were selected to find out which is the best brand in terms of environmental & social responsibility, health aspect and value for money: 1.Dabur 2.Colgate 3.Pepsodent 4.Close-up 5.Himalaya 6.Amar 7.Vicco 8. K.P.Nambootiri The health aspect: Tooth paste is supposed to be really gentle since human have got thin mucous membranes in our mouth that are highly sensitive. In our study we have taken 8 different products of toothpastes which is a combination of pure chemical and herbal. Surprisingly the toothpastes which claim that are herbal rich has also got chemicals in it which is not safe for human body. Some of the herbal toothpaste also possess harmful chemicals such as fluoride, SLS, Sodium benzoate, sorbitol , etc and other abrasives and excipients which are...
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