...Perception and the Perceptual Process: The perceptual process allows us to experience the world around us. Take a moment to think of all the things you perceive on a daily basis. At any given moment, you might see familiar objects in your environment, feel the touch of objects and people against your skin, smell the aroma of a home-cooked meal and hear the sound of music playing in your next door neighbor's apartment. All of these things help make up our conscious experience and allow us to interact with the people and objects around us. In this overview of perception and the perceptual process, we will learn more about how we go from detecting stimuli in the environment to actually taking action based on that information. What Is Perception? Perception is our sensory experience of the world around us and involves both the recognition of environmental stimuli and actions in response to these stimuli. Through the perceptual process, we gain information about properties and elements of the environment that are critical to our survival. Perception not only creates our experience of the world around us; it allows us to act within our environment. Perception includes the five senses; touch, sight, taste smell and taste. It also includes what is known as proprioception, a set of senses involving the ability to detect changes in body positions and movements. It also involves the cognitive processes required to process information, such as recognizing the face of a friend or detecting...
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...mobility driving us to environmental destruction? We live in a consumerist society where environmentally damaging modes of transport have been advancing, while less damaging modes have been retreating. To fully understand that our desire for personal mobility is driving us to environmental destruction, three aspects need to be considered. Firstly, examining the various ways in which cars pollute will present evidence that our pursuit of personal mobility is destroying the environment. Secondly, we must examine where this pursuit comes from with the help of theories by Peter Freund and Martin George, Alisdair Aird, Matthew Paterson and Wolfgang Sachs. The final section will demonstrate some solutions to the environmental crisis and whether or not they will save us from environmental destruction. While this analysis will demonstrate that our pursuit of personal mobility is driving us to environmental destruction, it is already clear that the environmental and energy crises ‘are working against continued auto hegemony in transport’ (Freund and Martin: 1993, vii). Mobility, especially personal mobility, comes at a price- the environment. In John Whitelegg’s Critical Mass, it states that on a global scale, motor vehicles account for one-third of world oil consumption (1997: 114), and that the use of cars has led to a rise in the global mean temperature which by 2025 could have risen by 1 degree (1997:115). The effects of global warming will lead us to environmental destruction. As...
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..."Concerned Citizens: Environmental (In)justice in Black Los Angeles," The author, Sonya Winton, describes the environmental difficulties that low income communities face. She claims that politicians in Los Angeles are inequitable; the politicians spend more time trying to upgrade the high income communities, instead of improving the negative in the low income communities. She reports that one of the problems in the low income communities-in Los Angeles-is the placement of landfills. Winton observes that landfills are usually neighbors, if not residents, to the low income communities. She states that the reason politicians choose to place these waste facilities in the low income communities is because they believe that the residents of these communities care little about environmental issues. Winton states that the politicians double-cross the residents by offering them jobs, and by...
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...The United States of America stands for a lot of things; but freedom and equality stands way above all of its great attributes that our founding fathers had set forth when drafting the Declaration of Independence. The very basic right provided under the constitution is the first amendment; freedom of speech is clearly stated but what about equality? How has this country guaranteed that each of its citizens are treated and represented equally in our government? As I read the first chapter of “The Environmental Justice Movement, A Political Framework,” it was becoming clear to me that not everyone starts at the same playing field. Some of us are provided free passes to bigger and better things at life simply because of our color of our skins, social status and other environmental factors. Actually, I already had known this for quite some time; it’s difficult not to see it in this community, but what I did not fully comprehend was why? Why is it that as many educated minority men and women do we continue to see more prominent white male middle upper class representatives, politicians and judges in power? If Latinos are the fastest growing minorities in the United States, then why is it that we do not see more minorities in office? The evidence is very clear; minorities do not have sufficient resources enough to keep up with the white male political system. This process is evident as I read “The Political Process Model,” section. It states that “the study of politics...
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...changing and with new technologies being used sometimes the advancement of the country has come at the cost of neglecting environmental issues. The environmental issues would often be put on the back burner and just looked past but a young environmental president by the name of Teddy Roosevelt began to change things. During his presidency and political career Roosevelt brought many environmental issues to the spotlight make very positive change for the environment as well as sparking a new found interest for United States citizen to start making change to protect this earth that we live on. Roosevelt and the other environmentalist were the stepping stones that bring us to the many changes in conservation laws and environmental protection that took place from 1920-1955. During this time period of 1920-1955 many great acts along with environmental groups were formed allowing conservation laws and environmental protection to take enormous leaps in a positive direction. While fighting many hard battles these conservationist and preservation groups would sometimes have to take one step back in order to take two steps forward, but it is those forward steps that lead to the awareness of how important protecting the environment is and set the building blocks for National Parks, forested lands, wildlife protection and so on. In order to take a closer look at these changes we shall take a closer look at the progression through time of different policies,groups and acts that were passed each...
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...BUSM 4194 Leading for Change (Singapore semester 3, 2013) Exam Case study Yarra Valley Water: Learning and change for sustainability By PATRICK CRITTENDEN, SUZANNE BENN AND DEXTER DUNPHY Introduction Yarra Valley Water (YVW) is widely recognised in Australia as a leader in corporate sustainability. The Victorian Government-owned water utility delivers water and sewerage services to over 1.6 million people in the northern and eastern suburbs of Melbourne. Its operating licence covers over 4000 square kilometres and it maintains a distribution network comprising over 16,000 kilometres of water and sewerage pipes. Operational challenges include the maintenance of ageing water and sewage infrastructure in established areas and the development of new infrastructure in the rapidly expanding northern suburbs of Melbourne. The organisation's capability and commitment to delivering sustainability outcomes has been demonstrated at a practical level through the implementation of innovative projects. Its contribution as a leader has been recognised through public sustainability awards at state, national and international levels. YVW's ability to consistently deliver innovative projects and to demonstrate sustainability leadership in the water industry is the outcome of a decade-long focus on organisational learning and change. This case study describes three inter-related aspects of YVW's approach: 1. Organisational culture. Since 2001, YVW have been implementing...
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...WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE A “GLOBAL CITIZEN” We live in a “global” world now. Corporate globalization is prevalent nearly everywhere. Travel is more common than ever before. We get news in our homes about any place in the world seconds after it happens. The internet allows us to connect with people all over the world. It allows us to stay in touch with people as we move all over the world as well. We even have an international language! English is spoken (by at least some portions of the population) nearly everywhere you go. Everyone has the potential of being a Global Citizen if they wish to but it takes courage, commitment, and a sense of humor to become one. Global citizenship might sound like a vague concept for academics but in fact it’s a very practical way of looking at the world which anyone, if given the opportunity, can relate to. In the context of globalization, thinking and acting as a global citizen is immensely important and can bring real benefits. To have a full insight of what it means to be a “global citizen”, one needs to understand what it means to be a citizen. A citizen is a native or naturalized member of a state or nation who owes allegiance to its government and is entitled to its protection (distinguished from alien). It also refers to a person owing loyalty to and entitled by birth or naturalization to the protection of a state or nation. According to some accounts, citizenship is motivated by local interests (love of family, communal fairness,...
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...Working Paper The BP Oil Spill as a Cultural Anomaly? Institutional Context, Conflict and Change Andrew J. Hoffman Stephen M. Ross School of Business University of Michigan P. Devereaux Jennings University of Alberta Ross School of Business Working Paper Working Paper No. 1151 October 2010 This work cannot be used without the author's permission. This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Sciences Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1706096 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN The BP Oil Spill as a Cultural Anomaly? Institutional Context, Conflict and Change Andrew J. Hoffman University of Michigan 701 Tappan Street, R4472 Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ajhoff@umich.edu 734.763.9455 and P. Devereaux Jennings University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R6 CANADA dj1@ualberta.ca 780.492.3998 Forthcoming in the Journal of Management Inquiry October 2010 The authors would like thank Marvin Washington and one anonymous reviewer from the Journal of Management Inquiry for helpful feedback and encouragement in the writing of this article. 1 ABSTRACT This paper argues that the BP Oil Spill is, potentially, a “cultural anomaly” for institutional changes in environmental management and fossil fuel production. The problem as defined by the spill’s context, the potential solutions provided by the competing logics in that context, and the selection of problem-solution...
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...threat to the American auto industry because it was believed their cars had no appeal to American consumers However, in the 1970s, due to several problems like environmental regulations, and quality control issues with American cars, a good number of American car owners began searching for alternatives to poorly made American cars. In response to these changes, Toyota and other Japanese carmakers aggressively marketed their cars to Americans as being fuel-efficient, environmentally friendly, and having better build quality than American cars. In addition, Toyota marketed their cars with commercials involving young Toyota drivers jumping in the air. As a result, the Japanese’s marketing campaign along with continuing problems from the Big Three auto manufacturers, allowed import cars to make up about 20 percent of the US car market by 1980. Stage1 General Motors, Ford and Daimler-Chrysler focused in the late 1990s on mergers and acquisitions for improving their business positions to meet future challenges. Toyota, meanwhile, centered its business strategy on technological innovation and persistent environmental product development. The price of oil was not especially high during the 1990s when Toyota started its hybrid car program. Oil prices were below US $20 barrel in 1994 and were to fall to a 50-year low around 1997 when the Toyota Prius was first sold in Japan. Clearly something else was driving Toyota and other Japanese companies to invest so heavily in hybrid car development...
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... Prentice Hall Reference Guide states Which in the opinion of Christians, yes, stop the catastrophe in tearing down so many trees and not let the oxygen continue to flow as it should. There are properties that are being invaded by City Departments where they want to expand the streets of all the subdivision. Make the streets into the business road and make more money to collect more taxes in the poor people category. These roads have been invaded by all the knocking down of trees that bring life to a yard where a family lives. It’s amazing how the oxygen the life of a tree can mean it gives life to a tree. People are trying to fight for their rights trying to keep good atmospheres in their subdivision trying to keep trees around their homes. Trees to a lot to your home now a day...
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...Global Context of Business Overpopulation & Overconsumption As a species, we tend not to talk too much about population growth, but we all know it is there. Modern man first showed up on earth over 50,000 years ago, and by 1850 we had reproduced to such amount that we reached the 1 Billion people mark. The next billion took only 100 years, compared to over 50 thousand years for the first one. In 2011 world population reached 7 billion. According to the Population Institute, which focuses on raising awareness about overpopulation, we add around 220,000 people per day, which amounts to around 80 million people per year, or 1 billion every 12 years. Currently, for every two people who die, four more are born. Many experts argue that population growth will cap at around 10-11 billion by the end of the century, and therefore we shouldn’t concern ourselves too much with this issue. This may very well be true, however, 11 billion people leading the lifestyle of a middle class citizen in a developed country is nowhere near sustainable, and this is certainly a big cause for concern. Therefore, as humans we need to define what is the underlying problem and how do we tackle future challenges. There are plenty of arguments for and against overpopulation. Many argue that population controls have to be applied in order to stop grown, such as China’s one child policy. Others say that population growth is unstoppable and therefore we have to focus more on how we deal with it rather...
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...ton1.1 Major Themes of Environmental Science The study of environmental problems and their solutions has never been more important. Modern society in 2009 is hooked on oil. Production has declined, while demand has grown, and the population of the world has been increasing by more than 70 million each year. The emerging energy crisis is producing an economic crisis, as the prices of everything produced from oil (fertilizer, food, and fuel) rise beyond what some people can afford to pay. Energy and economic problems come at a time of unprecedented environmental concerns, from the local to global level. At the beginning of the modern era—in A.D. 1—the number of people in the world was probably about 100 million, one-third of the present population of the United States. In 1960 the world contained 3 billion people. Our population has more than doubled in the last 40 years, to 6.8 billion people today. In the United States, population increase is often apparent when we travel. Urban traffic snarls, long lines to enter national parks, and difficulty getting tickets to popular attractions are all symptoms of a growing population. If recent human population growth rates continue, our numbers could reach 9.4 billion by 2050. The problem is that the Earth has not grown any larger, and the abundance of its resources has not increased—in many cases, quite the opposite. How, then, can Earth sustain all these people? And what is the maximum number of people that could live on Earth, not just...
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...Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution Module 1 Assignment 5 Ecology and Environmental Sustainability Instructor: Janet Bargar Argosy University Aisha Freelove 3/13/16 Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was introduced in the late 18th century and progressed throughout the 19th century. During this era many advancements were developed. In addition to the many inventions, urbanization expanded, factories were built, and the environment suffered negative impacts due to air pollution, deforestation, and many other factors. Three of the most negatively impacted inventions to the environment, were the Canal, The Railroad and Locomotive, and the Automobile. There were some positive impacts to these three inventions, but the environment unfortunately was not one of them. Dewitt Clinton was one of the men behind the invention of the Erie Canal. Although history has stated that the idea was not originated by Clinton, he was a significant factor in the process. History states that an imprisoned flour merchant by the name of Jesse Hawley He envisioned building a canal across New York State. His initial goal was to provide an alternate route to help others navigate between the Great Lakes, the Hudson River, and the Atlantic Ocean. Hawley developed the idea after failed attempts to successfully transport his own products. Construction started in 1817 and was completed in 1825. The actual mileage span was...
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...Name: Christopher Buxton Course Title: Diploma of Management Unit Code: Develop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability Unit Code: BSBSU501A Assessment1. 1. Review the case study information provided and determine all legislative and regulatory documents that describe compliance requirements for this company. After reading the case study for the Tiny Opera Company I have determined through my own research that the following legislative and regulatory requirements will need to be adhered to so that they are compliant. To start off the Tiny Opera Company will need to have their own Code of Conduct available to all employees and anyone attending the venue. This code of conduct will outline through Key principles what the company’s expected behaviours are and how everyone should conduct themselves while employed at the venue in all areas of employment. Having a code of conduct in place will make sure that everyone who is attending the venue whether employed or as a patron/customer conducts themselves in a way that shows respect for each other in a positive manner. Tiny Opera Company will need to also have Safe Work Procedures in place and will need to meet the obligations of the Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011 and the NSW Work Health and Safety Act 2011, this so that it has steps in place to prevent accidents & injuries when employees are undertaking tasks so that potential hazards can be eliminated and/ or controlled at the venue to protect everyone...
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...Hispaniola in 1492, but now this island is two countries, the Dominican Republic and the Haiti. Diamond studied the politics of two presidents. the dominican Rafael Trujillo, who protected the enviroment and the dictator François, Papa Doc, Duvalier, who decided on politics of deforestatation of his country, Haiti. The author considered the bad politics of another main character, king George II, who was interested in sending merinosheeps from Spain to Australia, an idea which was succesful from 1820 to 1950 but then the farmers understood their lands lost fertility. Another main character is Tokuwaga Jeayasu, a shogun of Japan in 1600, who prohibited Christianity in 1600 and protected his country againt deforestation. The book takes us to a lot of places around the globe: Mayan cities, Rwanda, Viking colonies of Vinland or Greenland, Haiti and Dominican Republic, Easter Island and Polynesian colonies in Pacific, and the Chaco villages in New Mexico (United States). The time period was from 800 AC, when collapsed Mayan cities to 2005. Other locations are the Viking ships, isolated churches in Greenland, ghostly stone heads in Easter Island, sheep farms in Australia or the farmers of Montana (United States). The book is richly informative, with a lot of places of diferent peoples and cultures. All the characters were trying to build a wealthy society but they persued bad enviromental politics...
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