...Lecture 1 Introduction to Semiconductor Devices Reading: Notes and Anderson2 Chapters 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.9 Georgia Tech ECE 3080 - Dr. Alan Doolittle Atoms to Operational Amplifiers •The goal of this course is to teach the fundamentals of non-linear circuit elements including diodes, LEDs, LASER diodes, transistors (BJT and FET) , and advanced device concepts such as microwave compound semiconductors and state of the art devices. •Due to the diverse coverage from various professors for ECE3040, you will repeat (for some) some of the material from 3040. Specifically, you will learn about the fundamentals of electron movement in semiconductor materials and develop this basic knowledge of how we can construct devices from these materials that can control the flow of electrons and light in useful ways. Georgia Tech ECE 3080 - Dr. Alan Doolittle Market Study Silicon is and will for a very long time be the dominant material used for electronics. However, MANY up and coming materials are slowly eating into silicon’s dominance. Compound semiconductors Compound semiconductors Organic and compound semiconductors Georgia Tech ECE 3080 - Dr. Alan Doolittle Devices we will study Bold indicates devices covered in depth in ECE 3040 P-N diode, heterojunction diodes, ballistic diodes, Schottky barrier diodes, Metal-Semiconductor Contacts, LEDs, Lasers, Solar Cells, Photodetectors, BJT, HBT, MOSFET, MESFET, JFET, Polarization Based Devices (III-Nitrides HEMTs...
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...Rules & Procedure for Term Paper (MAE 322) Works submitted must meet the following requirements: 1. The subject of paper should be related to engineering materials. 2. At the end of this paper, I provide several topics for your term paper. You do not need any approval if you select one of these topics for your paper. However, you need approval if you want to work on a specific subject that is not included in the list. For approval, send me an email with the title of your paper. I will reply and approve or disapprove your subject. 3. The length of the paper should be 7-10 pages double spaced (12-point font), including the charts/ graphs. 4. Flow the SAE format for your paper. A copy of the format provided in BeachBoard. 5. Due Date: See the schedule in BeachBoard 6. Suggested topics: A) Adhesives B) Aluminum alloys C) Arc welding D) Case hardening E) Cast iron F) Casting G) Catholic protection H) Cements I) Cold working J) Carbon fiber Composite materials K) Glass reinforced plastics L) Reinforced concrete M) Galvanic corrosion N) Corrosion Protection O) Dye penetrant (NDI) P) Eddy current (NDI) Q) Elastomers R) Jominy and hardenability S) Polymers T) Thermoplastics U) Thermosets ...
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...replacement bulbs (everLED). b. Use in the traffic lights and outdoor signs of some cities. c. Many automotive manufacturers are beginning to use LEDs for their headlights. d. Pricing- varies depending on the type of bulb. 1. Can cost anywhere from $20 to $75 for a bulb that projects the same amount of light as a normal 60 watt incandescent bulb. 2. The cost savings is noticed per year compared to the normal light bulbs. e. Promotional programs include, but not limited to; internet and television. f. Distribution channels and e-business- 1. Handing the business through a joint partner. 2. Manufacturing in China. 3. Formosa Epitaxy (FOREPI), LED chipmaker trying to gain more LED lighting distribution channels in China 4. Internet usage for ordering products...
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...On the other hand, carbon fibers (CFs) have been widely used as reinforcements and even EM interference suppressors, because they have low density, exquisite mechanical and excellent EM shielding properties [13-15]. Based on these backgrounds, magnetite coatings on carbon fibers is a potential way to further enhance the EM shielding properties of carbon fibers. Magnetite have been successfully coated on many different substrates by a variety of deposition techniques such as sputtering [16] hydrothermal [17], molecular beam epitaxy [18] chemical bath technique [19], etc. Although these methods offer good control over film thickness, morphology, crystallinity and purity, they require costly equipment and consume considerable amounts of energy. The aqueous solution-based ED method can be performed at a relatively low temperature and low cost. Moreover, thickness and morphology of deposited magnetite film can be easily controlled [20]. Even though electrodiposition method is described as a very simple, cheap and non-vacuum based process, the physical properties of obtained coating layer is strongly influenced by the parameters of the electrolytic deposition [20,21]. There are two...
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...CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are small integrated devices or systems that combine electrical and mechanical components. They range in size from the sub micrometer level to the millimeter level and there can be any number, from a few to millions, in a particular system. MEMS extend the fabrication techniques developed for the integrated circuit industry to add mechanical elements such as beams, gears, diaphragms, and springs to devices. Examples of MEMS device applications include inkjet-printer cartridges, accelerometer, miniature robots, microengines, locks inertial sensors microtransmissions, micromirrors, micro actuator (Mechanisms for activating process control equipment by use of pneumatic, hydraulic, or electronic signals) optical scanners, fluid pumps, transducer, pressure and flow sensors. New applications are emerging as the existing technology is applied to the miniaturization and integration of conventional devices. These systems can sense, control, and activate mechanical processes on the micro scale, and function individually or in arrays to generate effects on the macro scale. The micro fabrication technology enables fabrication of large arrays of devices, which individually perform simple tasks, but in combination can accomplish complicated functions. MEMS are not about any one application or device, nor are they defined by a single fabrication process or limited to a few materials. They are a fabrication approach that conveys...
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...circuits. Recent ALD research has mainly focused on materials required in microelectronics. Chemistry, in particular the selection of suitable precursor combinations, is the key issue in ALD; many interesting results have been obtained by smart chemistry. ALD is also likely to find applications in other areas, such as magnetic recording heads, optics, demanding protective coatings, and micro-electromechanical systems, provided that cost-effective processes can be found for the materials required. N 1. Introduction Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has recently received much interest as a potential deposition method for advanced thin-film structures. However, ALD had already been developed and introduced worldwide with the name Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ALE) in the late 1970s.[1] The motivation for the development of ALD was the need for a deposition method for thin-film electroluminescent (TFEL) flat-panel displays. For such an application, high-quality dielectric and luminescent films are required on large-area substrates.[2] ALD is still used today in the industrial production of TFEL...
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...particulates. They are: 1 Vapor state growth, including laser reaction pyrolysis for nanoparticle synthesis and stomic layer deposition (ALD) for thin film deposition 2 Liquid phase growth, including colloidal processing for the formation of nanoparticles and self assembly of monolayers. 3 Solid phase formation, including phase segregation to make metallic particles in glass matrix and two photon induced polymerization for the fabrication of three dimensional photonic crystals. 4 Hybrid growth, including vapour liquid solid (VLS) growth of nanowires. 5 Nano patrticles by means of colloidal processing, flame compusion and phase segregation 6 Solution liquid-solid growth (SLS), and spontaneous anisotropic growth. 7 Thin films by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and atomic layer deposition ALD 3.1 Synthesis of SiC by High-Energy Planetary Ball Mill Mechanical abrasion is one of the Top down approach. Possible ways of production include mechanical milling having been applied for decades in the production of powder materials. The improvement results of different type mills have made it possible by now to produce nanocrystalline powders by mechanical milling (e.g. The possibility of higher energy input. 3.2 Character Of High-Energy Planetary Ball Mill (Model: Retsch, PM 100, Germany) Here the nanocrystalline powders were produced by the above said machine. Hence the study about its characteristic is inevitable. For purposive milling and the quality assurance of products intended to be...
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...PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS: RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. (2012) Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/pip.1255 PAPER PRESENTED AT 26TH EU PVSEC, HAMBURG, GERMANY 2011 Solar cell generations over 40% efficiency R. R. King*, D. Bhusari, D. Larrabee, X.-Q. Liu, E. Rehder, K. Edmondson, H. Cotal, R. K. Jones, J. H. Ermer, C. M. Fetzer, D. C. Law and N. H. Karam Spectrolab, Inc., 12500 Gladstone Ave, Sylmar, CA 91342, USA ABSTRACT Multijunction III-V concentrator cells of several different types have demonstrated solar conversion efficiency over 40% since 2006, and represent the only third-generation photovoltaic technology to enter commercial power generation markets so far. The next stage of solar cell efficiency improvement, from 40% to 50%-efficient production cells, is perhaps the most important yet, since it is in this range that concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems can become the lowest cost option for solar electricity, competing with conventional power generation without government subsidies. The impact of 40% and 50% cell efficiency on cost-effective geographic regions for CPV systems is calculated in the continental US, Europe, and North Africa. We take a systematic look at a progression of multijunction cell architectures that will take us up to 50% efficiency, using modeling grounded in well-characterized solar cell materials systems of today’s 40% cells, discussing the theoretical, materials science, and...
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...GITAM UNIVERSTIY (Declared as Deemed to be University U/S 3 of UGC Act, 1956) [pic] REGULATIONS & SYLLABUS Of B.Tech. (Electrical & Electronics & Engineering) (W.e.f 2012-13 admitted batch) Gandhi Nagar Campus, Rushikonda VISAKHAPATNAM – 530 045 Website: www.gitam.edu REGULATIONS (W.e.f. 2012-013 admitted batch) 1. ADMISSIONS 1. Admissions into B.Tech (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) programme of GITAM University are governed by GITAM University admission regulations. 2. ELIGIBILTY CRITERIA 1. A pass in 10+2 or equivalent examination approved by GITAM University with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. 2. Admissions into B.Tech will be based on an All India Entrance Test (GAT) conducted by GITAM University and the rule of reservation, wherever applicable. 3. STRUCTURE OF THE B.Tech. PROGRAMME 3.1 The Programme of instruction consists of: i) A general core programme comprising Basic Sciences, Basic Engineering, Humanities & Social Sciences and Mathematics. ii) An engineering core programme imparting to the student the fundamentals of engineering in the branch concerned. iii) An elective programme enabling the students to take up a group of departmental / interdepartmental courses of interest to him/her. In addition, a student has to i)...
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...ME3281 Microsystems Design and Applications TERM PAPER DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MEMS Energy Harvesters LIM HUI HUA ALVINA A0083044M 2014 Table of Contents 1. Introduction: 2 2. Brief History of Electricity Transduction 2 3. Types of Micro Energy Harvesters 3 3.1 Energy Harvesting from Vibration 3 3.1.1 Fabrication Techniques 5 3.1.2 Applications, Challenges and the Future 6 3.2 Energy Harvesting from Thermal Sources 6 3.2.1 Fabrication Techniques 8 3.2.2 Applications, Challenges and the Future. 9 3.3 Energy Harvesting from Electromagnetic Waves 10 3.3.1 Applications, Challenges and the Future 11 3.4 Energy Harvesting from Light Sources 11 3.4.1 Fabrication 12 3.4.2 Applications, Challenges and the Future 13 4. Conclusion 13 References: 14 1. Introduction: One of the goals of engineers and scientists in this already tech-savvy age is to be able to design a device that is capable of powering itself for its lifetime without having to replace or recharge its battery using a power chord. These allow remote devices to be placed in hostile or inaccessible environments without requiring any or little maintenance such as the changing of batteries. This is especially applicable for silicon-based electronics, such as biomedical implants that have low power consumption, where batteries will largely affect its size; operational cost of the device, or perhaps even release harmful chemicals into the body. In addition, wireless sensor...
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...¡ ¢ ! ! ! £ ¤ ¥ £ ¦ § ¨ £ © - ! A Case Study of Asset Impairments on Enterprise Issue- Example of a Visual Photonics Company. " # $ % ' & ( ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 E A @ D C B 93 35 94 12 31 () 35 35 35 IG PHF I 7 1 Abstract Numerous financial scandals have erupted in recent years worldwide. The focus of investors now centers upon whether financial reports truly reflect the value of enterprises. To increase the transparency of financial statements of domestic enterprises, to improve understanding by foreign investors, and to help bring the Taiwan stock market more in-line with international standards, the Financial Accounting Standards Committee of Taiwan promulgated the “Accounting for Impairment of Assets” in its Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 35 on July 1, 2004, which applies to the financial reports of companies with fiscal year ending on December 31, 2004. Companies can also elect to adopt this rule earlier than the required date. Because this is the first time “impairment of assets” accounting is adopted in Taiwan, many enterprises will experience a significant impact. It is also expected that share prices will reflect the “short-term pain for long-term benefits” view in the capital markets. This research paper employs case study methods to investigate the industry ...
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...Міністерство освіти і науки України Національний технічний університет України „Київський політехнічний інститут” Англійська мова професійного спрямування Методичні вказівки для розвитку всіх видів мовленнєвої діяльності на основі автентичних текстів з електроніки Для студентів 3-го курсу всіх спеціальностей ФЕЛ Затверджено Методичною радою НТУУ ”КПІ” Київ «Політехніка» 2005 Міністерство освіти і науки України Національний технічний університет України „Київський політехнічний інститут” Англійська мова професійного спрямування Методичні вказівки для розвитку всіх видів мовленнєвої діяльності на основі автентичних текстів з електроніки Для студентів 3-го курсу всіх спеціальностей ФЕЛ Затверджено Методичною радою НТУУ ”КПІ” Затверджено на методичному засіданні кафедри англійської мови №1. Протокол №1 від 04.10.05 Київ «Політехніка» 2005 Методичні вказівки з дисципліни „Англійська мова професійного спрямування” для розвитку навичок з аналітичного і самостійного читання для студентів 3-го курсу всіх спеціальностей факультету електроніки. /Уклад. Н.Е. Доронкина, Л.С. Петрова. – К. „Видавництво «Політехніка»”, 2005. – 72 с. Рецензент: Л.М. Захарова, кандидат філологічних наук, доцент. Передмова Методичні вказівки для розвитку всіх видів мовленнєвої діяльності на основі автентичних текстів з електроніки для студентів 3-го курсу побудовані відповідно до програми, яка передбачає навчання студентів вмінню працювати з англійською літературою за фахом, збагаченню...
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...1/ ENERGY BANDS IN SOLIDS In this chapter we begin with a review of the basic atomic properties of matter leading to discrete electronic energy levels in atoms. We find that these energy levels are spread into energy bands in a crystal. This band structure allows us to distinguish between an insulator, a semiconductor, and a metal. 1-1 CHARGED PARTICLES The charge, or quantity, of negative electricity and the mass of the electron have been found to be 1.60 X 10- 19 C (coulomb) and 9.11 X 10- 31 kg, respectively. The values of many important physical constants are given in Appendix A, and a list of conversion factors and prefixes is given in Appendix B. Some idea of the number of electrons per second that represents current of the usual order of magnitude is readily possible. F'or example, since the charge per electron is 1.60 X 10- 19 C, the number of electrons per coulomb is the reciprocal of this nutnber, or approximately, 6 X 10 18 Further, since a current of 1 A (ampere) is the flow of 1 Cis, then a current of only 1 pA (1 picoampere, or 10- 12 A) represents the motion of approximately 6 million electrons per second. Yet a current of 1 pA is so small that considerable difficulty is experienced in attempting to measure it. The charge of a positive ion is an integral multiple of the charge of the electron, although it is of opposite sign. For the case of singly ionized particles, the charge is equal to that of the electron. For the case of doubly ionized particles...
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...NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SILCHAR Bachelor of Technology Programmes amï´>r¶ JH$s g§ñWmZ, m¡Úmo{ à VO o pñ Vw dZ m dY r V ‘ ñ Syllabi and Regulations for Undergraduate PROGRAMME OF STUDY (wef 2012 entry batch) Ma {gb Course Structure for B.Tech (4years, 8 Semester Course) Civil Engineering ( to be applicable from 2012 entry batch onwards) Course No CH-1101 /PH-1101 EE-1101 MA-1101 CE-1101 HS-1101 CH-1111 /PH-1111 ME-1111 Course Name Semester-1 Chemistry/Physics Basic Electrical Engineering Mathematics-I Engineering Graphics Communication Skills Chemistry/Physics Laboratory Workshop Physical Training-I NCC/NSO/NSS L 3 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 13 T 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 P 0 0 0 3 0 2 3 2 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 6 0 0 8 2 C 8 6 8 5 6 2 3 0 0 38 8 8 8 8 6 2 0 0 40 8 8 6 6 6 2 2 2 40 6 6 8 2 Course No EC-1101 CS-1101 MA-1102 ME-1101 PH-1101/ CH-1101 CS-1111 EE-1111 PH-1111/ CH-1111 Course Name Semester-2 Basic Electronics Introduction to Computing Mathematics-II Engineering Mechanics Physics/Chemistry Computing Laboratory Electrical Science Laboratory Physics/Chemistry Laboratory Physical Training –II NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-4 Structural Analysis-I Hydraulics Environmental Engg-I Structural Design-I Managerial Economics Engg. Geology Laboratory Hydraulics Laboratory Physical Training-IV NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-6 Structural Design-II Structural Analysis-III Foundation Engineering Transportation Engineering-II Hydrology &Flood...
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...UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B. TECH DEGREE COURSE 2008 SCHEME ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING I to VIII SEMESTER SCHEME AND SYLLABUS BOARD OF STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B.Tech Degree Course – 2008 Scheme REGULATIONS 1. Conditions for Admission Candidates for admission to the B.Tech degree course shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or 12th Standard V.H.S.E., C.B.S.E., I.S.C. or any examination accepted by the university as equivalent thereto obtaining not less than 50% in Mathematics and 50% in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry/ Bio- technology/ Computer Science/ Biology put together, or a diploma in Engineering awarded by the Board of Technical Education, Kerala or an examination recognized as equivalent thereto after undergoing an institutional course of at least three years securing a minimum of 50 % marks in the final diploma examination subject to the usual concessions allowed for backward classes and other communities as specified from time to time. 2. Duration of the course i) The course for the B.Tech Degree shall extend over a period of four academic years comprising of eight semesters. The first and second semester shall be combined and each semester from third semester onwards shall cover the groups of subjects as given in the curriculum and scheme of examination ii) Each semester shall ordinarily comprise of not less than 400 working periods each of 60 minutes...
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