...Empir Software Eng (2010) 15:455–492 DOI 10.1007/s10664-009-9127-7 An experimental comparison of ER and UML class diagrams for data modelling Andrea De Lucia · Carmine Gravino · Rocco Oliveto · Genoveffa Tortora Published online: 11 December 2009 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 Editor: Erik Arisholm Abstract We present the results of three sets of controlled experiments aimed at analysing whether UML class diagrams are more comprehensible than ER diagrams during data models maintenance. In particular, we considered the support given by the two notations in the comprehension and interpretation of data models, comprehension of the change to perform to meet a change request, and detection of defects contained in a data model. The experiments involved university students with different levels of ability and experience. The results demonstrate that using UML class diagrams subjects achieved better comprehension levels. With regard to the support given by the two notations during maintenance activities the results demonstrate that the two notations give the same support, while in general UML class diagrams provide a better support with respect to ER diagrams during verification activities. Keywords Controlled experiments · Entity-relation diagrams · UML class diagrams · Design notations · Comprehension · Maintenance · Verification The work described in this paper is supported by the project METAMORPHOS (MEthods and Tools for migrAting software systeMs towards...
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...yet. * Each publishing company is identified by a unique name and phone number. * Each book must be under-review by at least one publishing company, and this relationship is described by an expiration date. * There are several editors who work for each publisher, and each publisher has at least one editor. However, editors are not independent of publishers. * Therefore, each editor is identified by a combination of a unique name and the publisher name, and a phone number. * For each book that is finally completed and published by a publisher, there is a single author who signs-a-contract for that book. There is an attribute date associated with each contract. Note that this is a ternary relationship. Answers: 1. ER Schema: Entities, Attributes and Primary Keys Book (ISBN, pubYear, price, pages) Author (aName, phoneNo) Publisher (pName, phoneNo) Editor (eName, phoneNo) Relationships, Degrees and Participating Entities WrittenBy: binary relationship (role) 1 Book to 1 or more Author 1 Author to 0 or more Books UnderReview: binary relationship (expDate, -month, -day, -year) 1 Book to 1 or more Publisher 1 Publisher to 0 or more Books WorksFor:...
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...Com put er Fundam ent als: Pradeep K. Sinha & Pr it ii Sinha Com put er Fundam ent als: Pradeep K. Sinha & Pr it Sinha Ref Page Chapt er 9: I nput - Out put Dev ices Slide 1/ 58 Com put er Fundam ent als: Pradeep K. Sinha & Pr it ii Sinha Com put er Fundam ent als: Pradeep K. Sinha & Pr it Sinha Le a r n in g Obj e ct ive s I n t h is ch a pt e r you w ill le a r n a bou t : § I nput / Out put ( I / O) devices § Com m only used input devices § Com m only used out put devices § Ot her concept s relat ed t o I / O devices Ref Page 148 Chapt er 9: I nput - Out put Dev ices Slide 2/ 58 Com put er Fundam ent als: Pradeep K. Sinha & Pr it ii Sinha Com put er Fundam ent als: Pradeep K. Sinha & Pr it Sinha I / O D e vice s § Provide m eans of com m unicat ion bet ween a com put er and out er w orld § Also known as peripheral devices because t hey surround t he CPU and m em ory of a com put er syst em § I nput devices are used t o ent er dat a fr om t he out side world int o prim ary st orage § Out put devices supply r esult s of processing from prim ary st orage t o user s Ref Page 148 Chapt er 9: I nput - Out put Dev ices Slide 3/ 58 Com put er Fundam ent als: Pradeep K. Sinha & Pr it ii Sinha Com put er Fundam ent als: Pradeep K. Sinha & Pr it Sinha Role of I / O D e vice s Input data from external world Input Devices CPU and Memory Output Devices Results of processing in human acceptable form Input data coded in internal...
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...spending on other, can have a dramatic impact on happiness’. They tell you how to spend money in less typical but more pleasing ways. Here are their five principles. 1. Set aside money for experiences like vacations. 2. Have a special treat something you normally wouldn’t buy. 3. Buy Time. Hire someone to mow you lawn. Less stress. 4. Pay now consume later. Purchase a high end vacation now you will be less likely to be frugal on your vacation because it doesn’t hit you all at once. 5. Invest in others. Giving can be a satisfying thing especially if you’re helping someone in need. You will feel a self-reward. http://www.roanoke.com/news/business/technology/2268635-12/app-helps-users-notify-the-er-of-their.html App helps users notify the ER of their pending arrival By Laurence Hammack Lewis Gale Regional Health Systems is...
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...1) Dice Game A. The lessons learnt from playing the dice game are dependency, variability impact throughput an average of 10/hour in each stage does NOT give you 10/hour at the end of the line. B. We achieve the service level by having more inventory or more capacity. C. Lean improve the performance by focus on reducing the number of steps. D. Six Sigma Methodology attempts to improve the performance by focus on reducing the variability in each stage. E. The combine effect of Lean and Six Sigma on performance improve the overall process by improving throughput. 2) The “end to end” processes in managing operations/supply chains are: a. Create >> Source >> Make >> Move >> Store >> Market >> Sell >> Return >> Service >> Dispose b. The “big picture” tradeoffs is important in managing operations because we can predict trends in supply and demand in order to optimize our strategy for asset management. In addition, focusing on having strong leadership in place in order to help everyone make long-term plans and be on the same sheet of music (interrelationship). Additionally, having strong leadership will help alleviate conflicting objectives and fix mis-aligned metrics. 3) The lessons learnt from the “Blue-Green” game are clear communication, trust between departments and goal alignment as a company. c. Every team worked to maximize its own points. What is good for the department...
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...rotation in the Critical Care Unit at Memorial Hospital. This was an amazing experience. My nurse was assigned to two patients (she told me that each nurse should only have one patient but…Hmm…) Anyways, we had one patient that had been there overnight and at about 9:30 in the morning we received a patient transferred from the ER. The first patient was originally in the hospital for a gastric sleeve, which she did get but during the procedure she coded. They found that she had cardiomyopathy and was admitted to the critical care unit. This patient hemoglobin levels had been low and throughout the night and day had received 5 units of blood. Since her levels continued to be low they thought there may be some internal bleeding going on. So, they ordered an Upper GI. I helped transfer the patient down to radiology and observe the diagnostic test. It was a pretty simple test. She just had to drink the contrast which by the expression on her face did not taste very well. The preliminary reading sis not show anything but there were still waiting on confirmation and further test orders when it was time for me to leave. The second patient I had came from the ER and was unconscious and continually having seizures. He was already on Propofol and Adivan when he came down and he was still having muscle twitching every 10 seconds. He was also a dialysis patient so they had just ordered labs and we drew his blood. It was a whirlwind while I was there. So much was going on with this patient...
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...Day 1 Reflection 1/28/2016 Day 1 of my preceptorship in Beverly Hospital Emergency Department, I have been praying to God for weeks prior to beginning of this term that I will be accepted for Beverly Ed, because I have heard a lot of great stories from previous students who went there. And besides, I have been wanting to be placed in the ER because I want to be an ER nurse, I need to be an ER nurse, I AM GONNA BE AN ER NURSE. Soon. So after days of waiting, I finally received a call from Professor Schaffer that I am one of the students who got picked at Beverly ED, I was so happy and excited, that I was crying on the way home in the car, thinking of all the possibilities and the doors of opportunities that will lead me to my dream job. Come 1/28/2016, woke up really early to prepare myself mentally and physically, prayed really hard that I will have a good first day and that my preceptor will be nice enough to me that she would not yell at me for some reason. I prayed hard before I left. My goal for that day was to make a great first impression that they wont forget my name: LALAINE. I got there 520am, with a positive attitude, a big smile on my face and pastries with cream cheese on hand, I waited and introduced myself to the staff and met my preceptor: Felice Fernandez, she was really welcoming and we got along really well to the point that we are sharing stories to each other, I feel welcomed and I feel like I am part of their family. My preceptor and I was assigned at the...
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...Comp1 M-W 5/13/13 Innocence Lost The morning started like every other normal work day. Up at 5am showered by 5:15, dressed and out the door with protein shake in hand by 5:40 and on to my Zen like drive down Collier Blvd to the hospital. As I walk through the ER doors, I often wonder what will await me on the other side. Sometimes it could be something minor as a low grade fever. There are days when I arrive and see the ambulance parked in the bay with the doors open and the inside of the ambulance looking like a twister had hit. I quickly realize that is not a good sign to start the morning. I clock into work and say “Good morning night shift”!!! As I came in they looked back at me and muttered like a bunch of Zombie's from “The night of the living dead”. I grab my coffee and check in to relieve my night counterpart, I get report and see what's going and if we need anything, I make my rounds, check my supplies and make sure we are ready for anything that comes through the doors. As the morning went on, things were nice and quiet. Yes, I said it "Quiet". The word quiet is never to spoken out loud or even a thought in the ER. As soon as I sighed, it went off like a bomb the radio began to blare. Collier Blvd Medic 00 coming in with a male four month old unresponsive, in respiratory distress!!!!!!! I respond to the radio medic00 room 6 on arrival. In that moment everything changes. It was like slow motion but really you’re moving as fast and as efficiently...
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...Narrative Jan 13 2013 I have been in the medical field for about 10 years or more. I have worked as a CNA, Surgical tech and a RN. Nothing I had done in the past would have prepared me for dialysis. However, taking care of patients and their wellbeing is the same in every medical field. I had been working in this dialysis clinic for about one year. I began to have close relationships with my patients, one patient in particular. We began to be close like family. We talked about everything; our family, friends, and where we went on vacation. One day he came to treatment about 3-4kg over his dry weight, nothing unusual just about what he normally came in at. No signs or symptoms of anything unusual after doing his assessment. Vital signs were stable, and treatment started as usual. He was set at a goal of 5.0 which he could normally do without any problems. After half of his treatment he began to feel bad, and his blood pressure dropped around 90/50, which was low but still nothing unusual for him. So I gave him some saline and decreased his goal. As his treatment continued, I would keep close check on him to make sure his status did not change. As it got toward the end of his treatment, he began to have chest pain, but his vital signs were with in normal limits at this time. While I’m reassessing him he tells me that he have some nitro tabs in his pocket in case something like this should happen. I encourage him to take one of his tablets. After a few minutes or so...
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...Micah Gough Oswalt ENG 1113 25 October 2014 Purpose: To entertain Audience: instructor Tone: sarcastic Point of View: 1 person Thesis: A day that was supposed to be fun turned into a night mare In a blink of an eye, by me breaking my ankle. I. Breaking my ankle A. How it got broke B. Movies II. Ignoring me A. Emergency Room III. Surgery A. Bad patient A day that was supposed to be fun turned into a night mare in a blink of an eye. I broke my ankle. My parents did not seem to believe me, so they just brushed it off and told me to stop over exaggerating. It was April 22, 2009. I was at Kinsey Lauderdale’s 10th birthday party at the Skating Rink. I was eating a piece of pizza with nacho cheese on top and drinking a mystery drink when all of a sudden I slipped and fell. I was screaming hysterically, and Kinsey’s brother was just staring at me like I was crazy. I laid on the ground screaming for my mom while no one paid attention to me! I sat up and took my skates off, to find that my right ankle was swollen and turning black and blue. I called my mom after having to crawl what seemed like a mile to get my phone; I told her what had happened and she said, “I’ll be right there.” It seemed as if it took her and hour to get there. When my mom finally arrived I was crying, screaming, and acting like a hypochondriac, but I was actually in a lot of pain. My mom loads me up and takes me home, and I iced my ankle for a couple of hours. Later...
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...Zones Social Zones o o Private Zones o Entries; living, dining, and family areas; rec rooms, home theaters; solariums, outdoor living; hallways Conversation, watching TV, listening to music, playing games, dining, etc. Bedrooms, dressing areas, bathrooms; private sitting or retreat areas o “Quiet” areas often separate from the rest of the house Service (Work) Zones o o Kitchen, laundry; workshop, craft/hobby; office; utility and mechanical storage Efficiency, energy conservation, and recycling important issues Zone within Zone o Provides for a specific task located within a different zone o Computer in living, dining, or family area; computer in bedroom FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT Schematics Utilize schematic diagrams to...
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...Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15 September 2010 Page: 1 Below I have prepared a few pages to help guide you write a few essays – these are taken from my own notes. Page: 1 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15 September 2010 Page: 2 Page: 2 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15 September 2010 Page: 3 Page: 3 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15 September 2010 Page: 4 Page: 4 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly Mind Maps 15 September 2010 Page: 5 Mind Maps are a great way to organise your essay before you write it – they are als a great tool for writing down key information points before an exam. Below is an example of a mind map – make sure when you write one out that you colour code each section as your brain remembers things better this way. Page: 5 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15 September 2010 Page: 6 Page: 6 © 2010 Levi Whitten-Connolly (levi@whitten-connolly.net) Levi’s Essay Writing Guide Compiled by Levi Whitten-Connolly 15...
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...| | ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEETElectronic or manual submission | UNITCode: CSG1132Dname: communicating in an it environment | NAME OF STUDENT (PRINT CLEARLY) Wickramasinghe Sarith FAMILY NAME FIRST NAME | STUDENT ID. NO.Wisac133 | NAME OF LECTURER (PRINT CLEARLY)Mrs Kala peris | DUE DATE05/08/2014 | Topic of assignmentuser mortivation in the use of social media | Group or tutorial (if applicable) | CourseDiploma in computing | Campusacbt | I certify that the attached assignment is my own work and that any material drawn from other sources has been acknowledged. Copyright in assignments remains my property. I grant permission to the ACBT to make copies of assignments for assessment, review and/or record keeping purposes. I note that the ACBT reserves the right to check my assignment for plagiarism. Should the reproduction of all or part of an assignment be required by the ACBT for any purpose other than those mentioned above, appropriate authorisation will be sought from me on the relevant form. | OFFICE USE ONLY | If handing in an assignment in a paper or other physical form, sign here to indicate that you have read this form, filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Signature Date | | OR, if submitting this paper electronically as per instructions for the unit, place an ‘X’ in the box below to indicate that you have read this form and filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Please include this page in/with your...
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...Case Report: Kristen’s Cookie Company Question 1 How long will it take to fulfill a rush order? | Gantt Chart for Kristen's Cookie Case | | | | | | | | | | | | | To fulfill the rush order it is still necessary to go through all parts of the process illustrated on the process flow diagram of the cookie-making process (it can be found on the last page). As there are no processes that can be done in a parallel way, every stage follows the other. Calculating the time needed for each step it can be concluded that the order can’t be prepared less than in 26 minutes. Question 2 How many orders can you fill in a night, assuming you are open 4 hours each night? We already know from the first question, the first dozen can be fulfilled in 26 minutes. Lets have a look, on the fastest possible way to prepare the second and all the following dozens. I can start preparing the 2nd order as soon as I start heating the oven (the chart visually demonstrates it): According to the chart it takes 26 minutes to fill the first order and 10 minutes more to fill each following order. From here we have: Operating time = 4*60 = 240 minutes The formula for counting the amount of orders that are able to be produced can be seen as: 16+10n <= 240 where n is the numbers of orders. From this equation we get, that n(max) = 22 dozen. So during 4 hours in a night one can prepare 22 dozen of cookies in 236 minutes. Question 3 How much of your own and your roommate’s valuable...
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...System Analysis Design for a Library System CS200 Fundamentals of Information Technology Module 1 Assignment 2 System Analysis Design for a Library System Suppose you are helping to develop a library system for your community. Here is a brief description of various scenarios using this library system. • Bob wanted to become a member at his local library. He went in and filled out an application form with his name, address, phone number, and driver's license number and gave it to the librarian, Alice. Alice logged into the system with her id and created a new membership for Bob. She then provided Bob with his new library card, and a login and password to his account. • Bob wanted to borrow two novels by C.S. Lewis, but he couldn’t remember their names. He used one of the computers at the library to search for the books by using the author's name. He found the titles he wanted, which were “The Chronicles of Narnia” and "The Space Trilogy". The first book was shown as available, and the second book was shown as out on loan. • Using his new login and password, Bob logged into his account and requested the book "The Space Trilogy" in order to recall it, so that when the book was returned it would be held for him at the library. • Bob then went to the stacks and found the book "The Chronicles of Narnia" on the shelf, and waited in line at the desk to check it out. He presented his ID card, and checked out the book with the librarian. • Before leaving the library...
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