...Expert Systems Hema Rohira IT-620-8035-Info Resource Management-01/2013 01/13/2013 Professor: Carol Farabee, Abstract Expert systems (ESs) are applications of artificial intelligence, that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert. ESs are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning about knowledge, like an expert (Wikepedia). There are expert systems that can diagnose human illnesses, make financial forecasts, and schedule routes for delivery vehicles. Some expert systems are designed to take the place of human experts, while others are designed to aid them. The first ESs was the Logic Theorist developed in 1956 .In 1970s, with the introduction of two AI languages ,LISP and Prolog ,ESs were brought out of the lab in to the businesses. In the 1980s, expert systems proliferated as they were recognized as a practical tool for solving real-world problems. Universities offered expert system courses and two thirds of the Fortune 1000 companies applied the technology in daily business activities. [Durkin, J. Expert Systems: Catalog of Applications. Intelligent Computer Systems, Inc., Akron, OH, 1993.). To avoid re-inventing the wheel, expert system shells were created that had more specialized features for building large expert systems. ESs are ideal for domains that are well defined, in which there is a large corpus of human expertise and knowledge, yet the knowledge is mainly heuristic and uncertain. Although expert systems do not necessarily perform...
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...Abstract In my paper I will analyze how today’s businesses use Enterprise Resource Planning systems to enable business processes, generate value, and make better decisions. I will determine the underlying factors that contributed to the development of the ERP system, and the adoption of it, within the world of business. I will also look at the advantages and disadvantages of ERP systems, and the applications available to allow for the cross-departmental access and transfer of data. Finally, it is important for me to develop an understanding of the benefits obtained from the implementation of an ERP system (i.e. the value generated in terms of efficiency, profit maximization, and cost reduction) and how companies mitigate the risks associated with introduction, including employee resistance to change. The ERP System In today’s business environment, companies use integrated information systems to gain competitive advantages. Increasing information system efficiency often results in the effective management of business processes, which is essential to maximizing profit and sustainable growth (Monk, Ellen, & Wagner, 2009). Specifically, Enterprise Resource Planning systems assist in effective management by providing a cross-functional environment that integrates operations and facilitates communication across business units (“ERP Benefits,” 2007). ERP systems can deliver consistent data throughout departments in real time, allowing for better decision making...
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...ERP Systems What is it. Competitive advantage. Modules. Transportation Management. Done by Pavliushchenko Ksenia Date Nov 21, 2014 What is ERP? ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)-is a software system that allows company to integrate all the data and processes into one centralised system. The system allows to integrate such operational units as financing, HR, marketing, sales, etc (Sap Online Training,ND,para.6). ERP software is a number of applications that are helping an organisation to find, manage and report information along the business process(para.8). Competitive advantage of using ERP ERP System allows a firm to increase productivity, increase profit, decrease costs, improve delivery, quality, information and performance management (para.7). -ERP System allows avoid duplication of entering data; -ERP system provides all needed real time information for the firm in one system; -System gives an opportunity to each member get any information needed or share information with everyone; -Integration of different operational units leads to increased productivity, efficiency and better communication; -Accounting, profit, costs tracking are given in details; -Standardises business process and information (para.18). ERP system contribute to higher customer satisfaction, better information and sharing of it, increased productivity, quality, decreased time to market, costs, inventory levels and time of delivery...
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...ASSIGNMENT 1 BEST OF BREED versus ERP SYSTEMS (BCO6603) PRESENTED BY JOHN SMITH Student ID: 1234567 Victoria University Assignment 1: Management Report 1234567 John Smith 1 Introduction Making decision of what to select between “best of breed” and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are never easy. There are many controversy or chaos issues surrounds this thought and debate. Which one is better? What factors need to be considered? This paper will address the difference between “best of breed” and ERP System that needs to be considered, such as the definition, advantages and disadvantages each of them. “Best Of Breed” System “Best of Breed” is a collection of different applications from different vendors that used in an organisation to run a business (Leahy 2004). Typically, the “best of breed” vendors are focused on a single application. Thus, they have more knowledgeable and able to produce a richer set of functionality (Thompson 2003). Advantages According to Carroll (2002) and Montgomery (2003), the advantages of using the “best of breed” are; Produce a richer set of functionality from particular application for each business area. Flexibility to substitute of individual element in the application without major reconstruction to the system. Getting response faster from the vendor to adopt and create new function as the vendor is specialising in particular system application. Assignment 1: Management Report 1234567 John Smith 2 Disadvantages ...
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...A Foundation for Understanding Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Abstract This paper is written to discuss Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The intent of the paper is to analyze four objectives. The first objective will be analyzing key strategies when implementing an ERP system. This report will explore planning an ERP implementation that can integrate with existing organizational systems or processes, what to develop in-house alongside your ERP process and what may work better for your organization from the outside. Additionally, this paper will discuss how an organization can maximize value in implementing an ERP system. Finally, this paper will attempt to define what it means to make an ERP system “the single source of truth”. Introduction The US economy is facing significant financial challenges. Most of those challenges are as a result of inefficient processes and redundancy of programs and government offices/agencies. According to a March 2011 article by the Washington Post, “the U.S. government has more than 100 programs dealing with surface transportation issues, 82 that monitor teacher quality, 80 for economic development, 56 for "financial literacy," 20 offices or programs devoted to homelessness and 17 grant programs for disaster preparedness”. Taxpayers suffer significantly by paying for irrelevant programs. According to the Government Accounting Office (GAO), one overlapping program in 2006 could have saved taxpayers $280 to $460 million; 30% of...
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...differences between ERPs focused towards large organisations, and ERPs designed towards smaller organisations. What might be the reason for these differences? There are many differences between the different types of ERP systems. ERP systems was once only available to larger scale companies who were prepared to spend large amounts of money to implement a more efficient way to run their company. As ERP systems have revolutionised, it’s been discovered that lower/medium sized businesses can benefit from implementing an ERP system. Usually companies are divided into three tiers when it comes to ERP systems. Tier three is for basic ERP systems used for small companies they have a relatively low price but they are pretty much straight out of the box and have a low level of customisation, on the pro side is they are not as complex and don’t need as much heavy hardware to run the ERP system. The Tier two system is usually used for mid-market companies, an ERP of this nature is much more expensive than the lower tier, however it is much more customisable and offers more flexibility then the tier three system. The software is much more complex and requires a lot of additional training to be able to understand and operate them. Tier one systems are usually completely customisable and are designed to meet all possible requirements of large multifunctional companies. They have much more functionality then the lower tiers, however implementing this kind of system is really complex...
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...Bastian Steppin March 24th 2013 000111821 Dr. Reimers CIS 300 Research Paper ERP systems The world’s economy moves fast, indeed it moves so fast that businesses need to be ready to change their strategies and market scope in the blink of an eye. To catch up with the rest of the world companies need to transform their whole resource management system away from old fashioned management consultants up to ERP systems, which operate faster, more effective and more precise. The key to run a business with success is to be innovative and use resources as efficient as possible. Many players on the competitive market make big mistakes on calculating their revenue and expenditure. Unfortunately most of the time the calculations neglect to take all expenditures in account. The human resource department for example often forgets to include the salaries paid to freelancers. Instead they only put the salaries of their permanent employees. Thus they only look at their fixed cost, but not on their real expenditure. The real problem about these relatively small mistakes is that they usually never come alone. Such miscalculations can be seen as cancer, whose metastases crawl throughout a company and make small damage in all the different sectors. Now take the whole company and the small sums ad up to one great deficit. The answer to all these problems is called ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). Thanks to the digital revolution, which started in the early 1980’s companies...
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...John Morgridge joined Cisco as a CEO in the year 1988. The very first thing he notices in the organization was the lack of professional management team. Initiation for professional management team was the first kick off for the organization. Professional management is considered to be the foundation of any big organization and Cisco started with this thereby sticking with the fundamentals. The professional team clashed with the founders ending up them leaving the company and giving a free hand to Morgridge to handle the organization in a disciplined manner in terms of management. Cisco as an organization started off with a very positive note thereby centralizing the functional areas. Except product marketing and research and development all the other areas (finance, human resources, manufacturing, IT, customer support etc.) were centralized. Although the initial changes in the organization doesn’t claims to the success factor for future implementation, but yes it certainly add a bit to It thereby streamlining the management with a transparent and clear view to proceed. The company was doing extremely well after going public in 1990 and in 1993 reaching the $500 million target. From this it can be clearly seen that the company was in a rapid move to success from the moment it became public in 1990. Analyzing the requirements in the right stage and planning for it is the first initiation which stands for cisco’s success. The need was addressed with respect to the future growth...
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...Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a business management software that a company can use to collect, store, manage and interpret data from many business activities, including:-product planning, cost and development manufacturing or service delivery marketing and sales inventory management shipping and payment. ERP facilitates information sharing across organizational units and geographical locations.It enables decision-makers to have an enterprise-wide view of the information they need in a timely, reliable and consistent fashion.The major components of ERP are: financial management, manufacturing, human resource, materials management, production planning, plant maintenance, purchasing, marketing, sales and distribution. Successful implementation of ERP: Bradley Corporation implemented an ERP system and then they realized significant benefits which is lower inventory levels and warehouse space requirements, increased sales without added staff, decreased lead times and increased on-time deliveries. So Bradley changed their business process because of ERP and moved forward. Unsuccessful implementation of ERP: In 2000, Nike spent $400 million dollars to update their supply chain system and ERP implementation. But it caused 20% decreased in their stock. Because they did not test the new demand-planning software. And everything went wrong way and broke the supply chain. The most single important element in a successful ERP implementation is people. Which means a project manager...
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...introduced in Pakistan. Paktel s network ran on advanced mobile phone system (AMPS). Amps WAS THE ANALOG MOBILE PHONE STANDARD DEVELOPMENT BY bell Labs. AMPS were a first generation cellular technology that used separate frequencies or channels , for each conversation. AMPS used considerably more computing power in order to select frequencies; however cell centers could flexible assign channels to handsets based on signal strength, allowing the same frequency to be reused in various locations without interference. However it suffered from some weaknesses when compared to today s digital technologies. Since it is an analog standard it was very susceptible to static and noise and had no protection from caves dropping used scanner. However with the introduction of mobilink in 1992, Pakistan s mobile industry entered into the second generation of mobile networks with GSM. GSM is the most popular standard for mobile phones me the world. Its promoter, the GSM Association, estimates that 82% of the global mobile markets use the standard. Its ubiquity makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world. GSM differs from its predecessors in that both signaling and speech channels, which are digital, and thus is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This has also meant that data communication was easy to build into the system. GSM also pioneered the short message service (SMS), which is now...
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...How Can Web Based Applications Help and Influence Businesses Today? By Andrew Hansen # 297 349 April 6, 2012 Professor Frank Ezinga BUSI 370 Table of Contents I. Introduction of Topic II. Literature Review III. Discussion IV. Conclusion V. References VI. Appendices I. Introduction of Topic The ability for businesses today to effectively respond to changes in both their external and internal environments relate directly to their success. If a business has the ability to respond to changes in the external environment such as demands, trends and customer preference they can then structure their procedures and policies to maximize profit (Meyer 5). In the same sense if a firm is able to regulate and maintain an internal environment within the firm that is positive, influential and innovative then they will be able to more efficiently react to external changes and to stimulate new product ideas and efficiency from their employees. Businesses are continually searching for innovative ways to create a competitive advantage over their competitors. Ways that allow their firm to be able to respond better to their environment then others within their market (Table 1). This search is critical in relating to the future structure and success of the firm and will dictate whether or not this business will be able to survive in such a competitive economy. In the last few years the emergence of the Internet and other similar technology has changed the...
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...ERP System Failures Jodie Wittenburg Assignment ACG_5647-12 – Week 11 – Course Project Auditing II March 27, 2015 Instructor: Dr. Maryln Fisher Introduction Major project failure is an unfortunate fact for many organizations, and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) projects are no exception. Whether the project is a few months or a few years long, whether it’s an upgrade or a new implementation, the financial and cultural well-being of the entire organization is at stake, and the associated costs of the failure range from disruptive to catastrophic. Everything possible must be done to ensure success. What is an ERP System? An ERP System is an industry acronym for Enterprise Resource Planning System, referring to automation and integration of a company’s core business to help focus on effectiveness and simplified success (Syspro, n.d.). ERP is business process management software that allows an organization to use a system of integrated applications to manage the business and automate many back office functions related to technology, services, and human resources. ERP software integrates all facets of an operation, including product planning, development, manufacturing, sales, and marketing. By doing so, a single computer system can serve the unique needs of each functional area. ERP systems support a smooth and seamless flow of information across the organization by providing a standardized environment for a firm’s business processes and a common operational...
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...ERP system has evolved over the past thirty years. When it comes to the development of ERP, we need to review the MRP system. Generally, MRP processes specifically involve planning the use of materials necessary for manufacturing business products, so MRP is also a common function contained within an ERP [1]. ERP is an updated manufacturing resource system; it grew out of MRP II systems with relational database management, graphical user interface, and client and server architecture. In the system, the kinds of products and services offered by a company drive operation strategy. Products and services can be classified into make-to-order, make-to-stock. The MTO strategy only manufactures the end product once the customer places the order, while the MTS method forecasts demand to determine how much stock should be produced [2]. For example, Global bike incorporated produces some bikes after it received a sales order from its customers. These finished goods are used to meet customers’ need, they pertain to MTO strategy. On the other side, in the long production run, GBI may also forecast demands on the basis of sales, then produce bikes to put into inventory before customers place orders. It is an example of implement of MTS. Both MRP and ERP have their advantages and disadvantages. MRP helps to standardize business processes by offering automated methods for many areas of the business. Standardization leads to easily repeated processes and a platform for improving those processes...
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...Role of ERP system in supply chain ERP is a category of business-management software where an organization can use applications to collect, store, manage and interpret data from many business activities. Due to ERP system cross functionality is possible. It binds all the departments that are involved in the manufacturing or operations into a single functioning system. This incudes accounting, strategic management, marketing, human resources as well as warehousing, information technology, logistics and production. ERP systems help to define roles and responsibilities of different users and ensure that ownership is assigned at various levels. Web-enabled technology allows to access information, sell products, run business processes and communicate with customers and partners at any time and from anywhere in the world. By using ERP systems, managers can gather correct information and make the right decision. It helps a company maximize the efficiency of business process across the entire organization. It helps to improve customer service, increase order capacity and increase the ability to forecast demand for supplies. ERP enables a company to manage the relationship with vendor results in lower cost for purchased items. Better resource management result in more inventory turns and decrease the level of inefficiencies. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) can provide a lot of benefits to the organization such as lower cost, increase the level of data consistency, enable...
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...To better understand erp systems and to be able to truly evaluate the most effective systems in the market today, you need to first ask the question, what’s an erp system? enterprise resource planning better known for its shortcut (erp)systems integrate internal and external management information across an entire organization, embracing finance/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship management, etc. ERP systems automate this activity with an integrated software application. The purpose of ERP is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organization and manage the connections to outside stakeholders.[1] ERP systems can run on a variety of computer hardware and network configurations, typically employing a database as a repository for information. After extensive uses and application from thousands of corporation and companies both global and local from mid size to large , we were able to assess and evaluate the ten best current erp systems and they are in none specific order : First, Openbravo Open bravo is a web-based, open source ERP business solution for small and medium sized companies. Already in production, Open bravo ERP encompasses a broad range of functionalities such as finance, supply chain, manufacturing & much more. Open bravo ERP has been designed with broad business functionality to help businesses improve overall performance. It is based on a single, integrated database...
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