INTRODUCTION:
The article chosen for the critical review is “ERP Training with a web-based electronic learning system: The flow theory perspective” by: Duke Hyun Choi, Jeoungkun Kim, Soung Hie Kim. The article built strengths from the limitations of previous studies. Based from their range of literatures, they have found a gap in the information delivery system which is the lack of theoretical background. Then, exploration and validation of relationships with its key concepts. Through these boundaries the authors evidently stated their objectives. First, to present flow theory as a theoretical foundation in e-learning domain. Second, assess what student perceptive factors are significant to the key constructs: flow (holistic experience) and attitude towards the learning outcome. Third, develop a comprehensive theoretical framework that can be practiced in the e-learning field.
After empirically explored with the help of survey questionnaire answered by the students of the ERP training program supported by Ministry of Korea, the antecedents that revealed directly (learner interface and content) and indirectly (interaction, instructor attitude towards students, instructor technical competence) influence the mediating variables thus affect mastery in ERP usage. Results suggested the inclusion of flow experience as new theoretical background and flow theory as a “promising theoretical foundation”.
The article was structured logically and comprehensively. For example, in describing of key terms like presenting the evolution of conventional distance learning to e-learning, this gave a clearer view of the topic. Also, the authors sufficiently tackled the objectives, consequently built the counter arguments.
CRITICAL REVIEW:
It was claimed that accessibility and adaptability are the reason why e-learning predominate the information system world. However, balance is essential to promote quality education improvements in e-learning not as means to dehumanize education (Holsapple & Lee-Post, 2006). Indeed, such system and information quality and user satisfaction must be assessed in the success of the evolved learning. In ERP context, the training with web-based instruction was the avenue to facilitate learning for the advantage of the SME in South Korea. The overall benefits are for the future workforce and its economic development to become more competitive by embracing the changes. Until now, Korea’s SME Policy focuses on the promotion, trainings included for the betterment of trade industry (Lee, 2014).
The article main point is total involvement, exploring the actions of the end-user that relates proficiency on the job using the e-learning tool. The end-users evaluation is based on the key antecedents links to flow and attitude, consequently, associates with learning outcome (technology self-efficacy). So the cross- sectional design was adopted to validate the proposed research model, thus the design suitable because they are looking for associations between variables, its quantifiable data were taken at a single point plus they investigated a large number of people (Bryman and Bell, 2015). Looking closely at the methodology, students of the ERP training are the respondents. The authors sent a postal questionnaire to students via guidance teacher then returned via home delivery service. It took three weeks to get all data. This chosen technique, however, has pros and cons. Pros since it is economical, quick distribution, no questioner bias (the respondents answered out of free will and understanding) and great for dealing with high volume of respondent. The only major drawback is the slow turnover as evidenced in one of the article limitations are the following: delayed feedback, low reply and unfilled data. This issue conveyed non response, therefore, affects analysis and the credibility of the research. Stated from Bryman and Bell (2015) increasing sample size stabilizes projected bias but it is uneconomical. Furthermore, to avoid non response, they may have to provide a covering letter explaining the reasons to survey, give incentives, present clear instructions or use of online survey. Also, to a stronger methodology, perhaps, varied sample be used and survey interview may be added to the study.
The analysis of quantitative data, they have concluded a worthy fit model assessed by CFA, meanwhile, quite a number of methods was tested in the model, all showed a good fit except goodness-of- fit index (GFI). Prior literatures had experienced the same phenomena according to the authors. It was suggested that since the result was near the acceptance mark, they have proposed that it was still credible. It somehow reflects bias; such assumption will be accepted as valid if only backed up by fact- based insights.
To check the validity the authors had used Chronbach’s alpha showing reasonable result, as well as convergent and discriminant validity. These methods indicated reliability of the data. Tranparency was noticeable in this article because the results figures were included along with the sample questionnaire used.
Result findings indicate learners interface and content as important factors to both constructs towards e- learning, this confirmed also in the study of Damon and Bahadur, (2014) that the consistency of the interface and content has great impact on the perceived outcome of the end-user. Whilst, instructor characteristic like attitude to participants and technical competence revealed a weak impact to the mediating variables towards e-learning. Reasons were identified that they focused only on the technical competence of the instructor to deliver the training, rather than the knowledge and the distinctiveness of e-learning such as structured input delivery. Shih-Wei, I-Hua and Yu-Chieh (2013), substantiate mentor’s expertise and communication about ERP training contribute a huge power in knowledge transfer. Even recent literature proved that instructor capacity to influence is significant in the mastery of training (Arndt & Ze, 2014). Possibly, additional factors about student’s behavioral transformation should be viewed or explored.
The result confirmed that the mediating variable flow experience and attitude have an impact on the learning outcome making it a proven theoretical background in e-learning world. Bilgihan, Okumus, Khaldoon and Bujisic (2013) also believes in the value of flow experience when they incorporate it in their study on e-commerce that yields affirmative results.
Legal and ethical issues were not mentioned, although participants treated fairly and anonymously as reflected in the article. In addition, researchers had no contact with them, data collection was facilitated by the guidance teachers whom not part of the study but of the training. Also, this was printed by Elsevier where strict publishing rules and moral principles are upheld ("Policies and Ethics," 2015). Moreover, if this study was set in New Zealand, it has to be Maori responsive in a way that impartiality is observed, they are fairly represented and the result is to be shared with everyone including its tangata whenua (local people). It must be guided by the provisions of the Privacy Act 1993. Before carrying out the research it must pass the standard of the school research committee like in Waiariki Ethics Committee. To achieve these, guidelines must be strictly followed like an informed consent guaranteed that anyone who will be involved in the study understands its cause, should be governed by the Treaty of Waitangi principles, ensure no deception to those who partakes in the study, there is equality and no harm to people was done (Arasanmi, 2015; "Privacy Act 1993, Public Act – New Zealand Legislation," 2015).
CONCLUSION:
Competitions in the global arena by companies is unstoppable, gaining through technology advances important is critical if they want to progress and move forward. Being informed about this kind of research will help them understand ERP training using the e-learning tool. The contributions of this study (Choi, Kim, & Kim, 2007) impacted 96 researchers since its online availability in Science Direct. The inclusion of flow theory in the computer mediated learning flourishes new insights. Dalveren (2014) points out e- learning will further help the industry and its fast paced processes by proposing the inclusion of ERP training in the curriculum, this step relevantly equipped the students to acquire skills and knowledge because early exposure precursors mastery and be less expense to the enterprise sectors in the future, therefore the obstacles outweighed by the benefits like in Korea where ERP training was continued for vocational high school students. It is agreeable that more empirical evaluation should be done to enhance this study, like use the benefits of online platforms such as peer review assessment and online survey. To measure the learning outcomes, test performance can be noteworthy by knowing the marks of the students. This may be true, but anonymity is also the factor that can hinder to push through. It may be answered asking permissions of the students. Another is maybe exploration of the learning styles, each person adapts as this will also affect the outcomes.
The effort of this article has major impact to the managers because having the awareness of the factors contribute to the effective information delivery. From these they will know how and what areas to improve; design, redesign and plan strategies. A win-win situation to everyone if all areas were properly looked at. Lastly, the immense success of the training is also the great success of the organization.

References:
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