...Prohibition: the Cultural War of the 20th Century The legal ban on the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol, within the United States, otherwise known as Prohibition, began with the ratification of the 18th Amendment in 1919. In this essay I will talk about Prohibition and explain why it was so effective and talk about the prohibitionist side. I will talk about how who the prohibitionists were, and what did they seek to accomplish through prohibition and also, what strategies the prohibitionists adopted to carry out their agenda, and why and how were they successful. The prohibitionists were someone who supported the laws that made the production and sale of alcohol illegal in the United States. Many people wanted to get rid of the sale and transportation of alcohol because some saw it as being dangerous. It all started when these prohibitionists formed the Anti-Saloon League. Including men and women, this league wanted to get rid of alcohol for many reasons. Prohibitionists came from all over the country looking to put Prohibition into effect. According to the video, “The Time is Now”, people like Andrew Carnegie and Henry Ford were even prohibitionist became they believed that alcohol was making their workers less effective and couldn’t give it their all because they were always drunk. So, these prohibitionists had to create a movement where they could get support from the people and get their votes to put prohibition into effect. One group who helped this work is...
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...he United States constitution is a series of amendments that govern the land. The constitution is supposed to embody the fundamentals and principles necessary to sustain the “unalienable rights of man (US 1776)” as Thomas Jefferson mentioned during the early writings of the U.S. constitutions. Yet, these rights only covered eligible white men, leaving minorities and woman on a tight hinge. Even long after the abolishment of slavery through the 13 amendment, African American citizens had little to no rights as citizens. Yet, despite that continuous adversity and injustice African American dealt with, they continued to have strong patriotic ties to the what it meant to be a true an American. It is crucial to follow federal laws, regardless of whether it is just or unjust because laws ensure the safety and freedom of all citizens....
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...Censorship essay The essay “Freedom is Intended as a Challenge” by Naomi Wolf, is a piece that takes a deeper look into the current perception of the Declaration of Independence. Wolf believes us present day Americans do not have an accurate sense of what really happened during the late 1700’s, and as a nation we should appreciate what our founding fathers went through. Wolf explains how most Americans disregard the Declaration as just a piece of paper, where as it actually holds a greater amount of significance than we give credit to. The essay draws on the collective differences of America’s years as a colony-versus now-and how the ideals have morphed. In the late 18th century while The United States was still under British rule, the thought on everyone’s mind was freedom. It was a common goal all Americans had, regardless of race and social background. We wanted the Brits out of our country! As Americans, we had long paid our dues, and we wanted to be liberated. We felt constrained as a nation, and we were willing to shed blood to be free. Wolf talks about how nowadays we simply do not feel that strong towards being free, and as a result we can not relate to what it was like when the British were ruling. Though the it has been many generations since we gained our independence, as a nation we are facing a modern day form of oppression. Censorship. As a country, the first amendment says we have a right to freedom of speech. Though this fundamentally sounds...
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...Crime is a phenomenon in our society that will most likely never completely disappear, however, despite this pessimistic perspective, efforts are continuously made to minimize crime. When comparing the crime rate in 1990 to the current situation in the United States, these efforts have been successful. An important tool in bringing down the crime rate, is understanding what it is that makes people exhibit criminal behavior. Because to solve a problem, it first has to be understood. In order to achieve this understanding, theories about what makes people criminals have been developed. Besides an academic use, these theories were applied, either deliberately of subconsciously as people internalized these ideas, to the criminal justice system....
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...• Robert Livingston • War of 1812- Military conflict between US and Britain following revolution about unresolved issues: trade restrictions, etc. • Tecumseh- Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy; opposed US in war of 1812. • John Quincy Adams- sixth president; whig. • Empire of Liberty- theme developed first by Thomas Jefferson to identify America's world responsibility to spread freedom across the globe. Jefferson saw America's mission in terms of setting an example, expansion into the west, and by intervention abroad. • Transportation Revolution- early 1800s, development of steamboats, canals, and railroads. Faster transport of people, products, and knowledge. • National Road- First major improved highway in the United States to be built by the federal government. Connection between the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and a gateway to the West for thousands of settlers. • Communication Revolution- Samuel Morse invented telegraph. • The Market Revolution- improvements in how goods were processed and fabricated as well as by a transformation of how labor was organized to process trade goods for consumption. • Porkopolis- Cincinnati was the country's chief hog packing center, and herds of pigs traveled the streets. • Labor theory of value- The value of a commodity is only related to the labor needed to produce or obtain that commodity and not to other factors of production • Second Party System- 2 party system • Democrats-...
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...The Great Gun Debate Introduction Among the more diverse issues in an already polarized society is a national perspective of guns (Hargrove & Perdue, 2015). The gun debate in the U.S. dates back to the 18th century, when the nation’s founders were crafting the Bill of Rights—the first ten amendments to the Constitution, adopted in 1791 (Smith & Ross, 2013). All gun control debates turn on interpretations of the Second Amendment, the worst written and most bizarre part of the constitution (Eichenwald, 2015). The Second Amendment gave Americans the right to “bear arms;” however, for more than 200 years, people have disagreed over how to interpret the amendment (Smith & Ross, 2013). Heated debates over guns have created division among “we the people.” On one end of the divide are pro-gun extremists. On the opposite end of the divide are anti-gun extremists. Then, there is the rational middle—the group that is often left out of the debate. This group typically consists of average law-abiding citizens who do not believe that Americans should be stripped of their rights to bear arms, but, rather, that some laws should be tightened up to ensure that guns and deadly accessories, such as high-capacity magazines, stay out of the wrong hands. Over the years, numerous mass shootings in schools have forced lawmakers to assess and tighten gun-control laws, which has also reignited the fiery gun debate. This assessment will attempt to uncover a proper course of action via a rigorous...
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...festivities, grander complications lied at the surface. Author and Harvard American History professor, Joshua Zeitz underlines the conjuncture between innovation and tradition in his essay The Roaring Twenties. Although major religious conflicts erupted, giving the conservatives a win, the 1920’s were a decade of liberalism because of backlash from government control and advancements in media A major disagreement between church and education was the John Scopes trial (aka the monkey trial.) In 1925, the Butler Act was passed to end the teaching of anything that goes against biblical teachings. That same year, John Scopes was challenged by peers to violate the anti-evolution law and teach Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution to his class. A Duke University Article, by Christopher Armstrong and Grant Wacker, entitled The Scopes Trial states that “Resistance grew especially acute when such conservatives saw their sons and daughters going off to college and, faced with teachings that contradicted their parents' beliefs, seemed to lose their faith entirely.” This reveals the parent’s conservative fears of a radically different America where there would be diversity amongst religions. Adding on to conservative victory, Zeitz claims that the conservatives were nowhere near close to being beat. Zeits states in his essay that after their court victory,...
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...The Irish Language INTRODUCTION What I am going to talk about in this essay is how the Irish Language played a huge part in the development of Ireland throughout the 20th century.I picked this topic because I think that the Irish Language was a key element of Irish nationalism. The Irish Language was part of Irelands separate identity, and we the Irish back in the day felt that its revival was vital if the country were to successfully pursue sovereignty. That’s why I picked this topic because I think this is very interesting and would like to learn more about the Irish language. MAIN BODY In 1893, The Gaelic League was founded with the aim of reviving the Irish language. Successful Irish Governments sought to re-establish the Irish Language as the native tongue. In 1924, the Department of Education began its work to co-ordinate a comprehensive primary and secondary school system. The most important aim was to increase participation in education and to make sure that the people of Ireland gained the basic skills of reading and writing. Gaelic became a badge of identity which distinguished the Irish from the British. The Cumann na nGeadheal Government sought to bring the language back into everyday life. One means of doing this was to translate Irish place names back into Gaelic. From 1922 onwards, signposts, addresses and maps were changed. By 1925, the civil service, Garda, armed forces and courts had all introduced Irish into their day to day affairs. In 1926 2RN and Radio...
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...have played and continue to play a significant role in American history. While today, African American no longer face the laws of segregation and discrimination, they continue to fight for equality and civil rights. This continued fight is one of a long past with several triumphs and tragedies all which are an integral part of history. This essay will discuss how African Americans worked to end slavery, segregation, discrimination, freedom, and isolation. It will also discuss what led to the civil right implementation and how it was executed. Equal rights for African Americans have been contentious, and fought for decades. They have fought to impede ethic discrimination, gain equal opportunity and their civil rights since slavery in the 1600s. When slavery started in 1620s, African Americans only made up about 3 to 4 percent of the population in America. Although the number grew slowly at first, by the end of the 17th century, the population of African American slave grew to well over 650,000. (Becker, 2000) In America, slave labor became the key component in agriculture and booming capitalist economy of the 17th & 18th centuries. (County, 1999) In the beginning, Africans were exchanged for food and place as “indentured servants” by the Dutch. This practice was also true for many poor Englishmen who were trader for labor for passage to America. It wasn’t until around the 1680s the conception of racial-based slave system developed. (Country, 1999) African “indentured...
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...Company Ed. – Edition Et. al. – Et alia e.g. – ‘Exempli gratia’ (for example) HSA – Hindu Succession Act P. – Page number SCC – Supreme Court Cases v. - versus TABLE OF CASES Dinesh Kumar Mor v Lalitya Mor. 9 Dukhi Ram v State of U.P. 12 Gantupalli Rama Subhatha v Guntu Palli Rajamma. 10 Gordhan Ram v State of Rajathan. 12 Lajpat Rai Sehgal v State. 11 M.L. Sethi v R.P. Kapur, 10 Pandurang Shivram Kawathkar v. State of Maharashtra. 11 Prema S. Rao v Yadla Srinivasa Rao 12 Rajinder Kumar v State of Haryana. 12 Sardar Harpal Singh v Balbinder Pal Kaur. 10 Satbir Singh v State of Punjab. 9 Shanti v State of Haryana 12 TABLE OF STATUTES Criminal Procedure Code 11 Dowry Prohibition (Amendment) Act, 1984 8 The Andhra Pradesh Dowry...
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...school classrooms throughout the United States, where most of us received our initial understanding of American history, we often witness a romanticized narrative of Americans striving forward towards progress with limited or partial understanding of race, the complex story of Native Americans and their removal from conquered lands, and the enslavement of African-Americans. The purpose of this essay is to rethink prior understandings of American history and what race means, as well as how it has determined and limited citizenship and opportunity for some Americans, by exploring the voices in author Howard Zinn and Anthony Arnove’s book Voices of a People’s History of the United States and other literary sources, and what American citizenship means to those not designated white, rich or male. The definition and concept of race, a human classification system used to group human beings into large and distinct categories, is a relatively recent modern concept, with roots in the breeding of animal stock that only became a commonly employed concept as a physical category by the end of the 18th century (Ferber 28). However, centuries earlier, emphasis on differences among human beings was used as a means for conquest and domination. Christopher Columbus, as taught in school history books, was known...
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...in many different ways. Whenever the word "death penalty" comes up, extremists from both sides start yelling out their arguments. One side says deterrence, the other side says there's a potential of executing an innocent person; one says justice, retribution, and punishment; the other side says execution is murder. Regardless of people’s philosophic points of view, it is important to be aware of the facts. This is exactly what I would like to talk about in this essay: the facts regarding this controversial issue. I do not have the answer to this question; I believe both viewpoints have good arguments. Everyone is entitled to his or her own opinion in this or any other matter, but no one is entitled to his own facts. What is the death penalty? Congress or any state legislature may prescribe the death penalty, also known as capital punishment, for murder and other capital crimes. (Death Penalty: An Overview, 2010) As far back as the Ancient Laws of China, the death penalty has been established as a punishment for crimes. In the 18th Century BC, the Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon established the death penalty for twenty five different crimes, although murder was not one of them. The first death sentence historically recorded occurred in 16th Century BC Egypt where the wrongdoer, a member of nobility, was accused of magic, and ordered to take his own life. During this period non-nobility was usually killed with an ax. (Reggio, M. 2005) The first recorded execution in the English...
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...UNIT 1 Answer Key CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1 Section 1 Prereading and Vocabulary 2 Reading Comprehension 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. oligarchy citizen democracy constitution state two basic levels; certain decisions; only the federal government; each of the states Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central government and several regional, or state, governments. 1. Population; the people who live within the boundaries of the state 2. Territory; land with known and recognized boundaries 3. Sovereignty; the supreme and absolute power within a state’s territory to decide its own foreign and domestic policies 4. Government; the institution through which society makes and enforces public policies 5. Force theory; the state was born of force, when one person or a small group gained control over people in an area and forced them to submit to that person’s or group’s rule. 6. Evolutionary theory; the state evolved from early families that united to form clans. Later, clans united to form tribes. As tribes settled into agricultural groups over time, they formed states. 7. Divine right theory; God created the state and gave a chosen few the right to rule. 8. Social contract theory; people voluntarily agreed to create a state and give to the government just enough power to promote the safety and well-being of all. Government exists to serve the will of the people, and the people are the sole source of political...
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...FOUNDATIONS OF LAW 2010 Combined Law Essay Critically analyse the Australian Government’s proposed reforms for protecting and promoting human rights for the more vulnerable groups in Australia. A bill of rights alone will not protect the rights of the people. But nor will a majoritarian democracy. Contemporary democracy stands for more than just the primitive notion of according full power to the popular majorities of Parliament by the vote. It requires the recognition of Parliamentary sovereignty, and furthermore it calls for the preservation of the principles of rule of law, judicial independence and more importantly the rights of all individuals. Although the Government’s recently launched National Human Rights Framework promises a selection of human rights protection mechanisms, in light of its failure to provide a bill of rights that many Australians want, it is an inadequate attempt at promoting and protecting the more vulnerable groups. Even though the Framework claims that it reserves the function of statutory interpretation for the courts, in reality it empowers the Parliament with the capacity to “guide”[1] the courts into enacting legislation. The Government’s downplay of judicial influence cannot be ignored and this points to a discussion of whether Australia needs a bill of rights. The role of the courts also need to be evaluated with respect to the other branches of government, the legislature and the Executive, in an effort to attain a healthy balance between...
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...late or to; too little people. The Jim Crow laws was not introduced until high school. Nor, did apartheid was introduced to me until mentioned online and actively researched. We are taught from Kindergarten that Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 and brought democracy and civilization to a savage land where actually many complex societies had already been thriving in peace. We are shown in cartoons and history books that princesses and kings are white, even when they rule over Ancient Egypt, a country in Africa. Personally, if we combat these false histories, this propaganda, in our homes and demand our schools to incorporate it into the curriculum, perhaps after a couple of centuries we can say “racism doesn’t exist”. Furthermore, this essay introduces hard evidence of the historical events that has occurred due to racial profiling and the link of division between people of color and white people recently and in the past, as well as the hierarchy of status. Specific criteria met by racial profiling records indicate that profiling committed against color is in fact a violent act, which should terminated throughout all of the United States. Over time racial profiling has headed into a violent direction. Multiple police departments are recognized for their abusive, violent force. One example being the prominent New York Police Department. Thousands of complaints are filed against the New York Police Department a year; the media chooses to wrongfully silence these complaints unless...
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