...Journal of Organizational Behavior J. Organiz. Behav. 22, 43—58 (2001) Big-B versus Big-O: What is organizational about organizational behavior? CHIP HEATH* AND SIM B. SITKLN Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, U.S.A. Summary This paper is an empirically grounded essay about the current stare of organizational behavior (GB) research and productive future directions. We report the results of a survey of GB scholars about the current importance of various research topics and their importance in an ideal world. We compare the survey responses with an archival analysis of papers published in leading GB journals over a 10-year period. We suggest that many of the topics that our respondents perceive to be ‘under researched’ can be summarized with one particular definition of GB that emphasizes organizing behavior. Considering all three definitions together, we highlight the limitations of the traditional (Big-B and Contextualized-B) definitions and discuss the benefits of a more organizational (Big-O) approach. Copyright ~ 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Introduction The purpose of this empirical essay is to be provocative. This paper is empirical in that it surveys leading organizational hehavior (GB) scholars to identify which topics they believed are currently important in the field and which should be important in an ‘ideal’ world and we compared their responses to an archival analysis of papers published in leading GB journals over a 10 year...
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...the Effects of E-mail on Management Communication and Organizational Behavior Mark Hankins Brenau University Organizational behavior is the study of individual behavior and group dynamics in organizations (Nelson & Quick, 2012). Given the role managers play in forming, supporting, and leading the interpersonal dynamics of their organizations, it is imperative to consider the management implications as they pertain to organizational behavior modifications. The role of a manager has changed and will continue to change moving into the future. The American business world is in a state of constant change with ever-increasing demands and requirements on managers and businesses. Accordingly, a thorough understanding of the concepts and tools of organizational behavior is critical to the personal success of managers within organizations. This understanding constitutes a vast array of knowledge and topics. It is the intent of this essay to illustrate one of these topics, communication. Communication, and specifically the communication technology of e-mail, is an integral and continual process within organizations. Nelson and Quick (2012) have defined communication as: “the evoking of a shared or common meaning in another person” (p. 278). This evocation between two employees is fundamental to the establishment of effective interpersonal relationships and is vital to the successful completion of organizational work, and subsequent achievement of goals. Further,...
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...MGMT591 Final Exam Study Guide YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The Final Exam is "open book, open notes." The maximum time you can spend in the exam is three hours, 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the Submit for Grade button by then, you will be automatically exited from the exam. In the Final Exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the Save Answers button in the exam frequently! This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet service providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect, you will normally be able to get back into your Final Exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. The Help Desk cannot grant any student additional time on the exam. 3. See Syllabus "Due Dates for Assignments & Exams" for due date information. 4. Reminders * You will only be able to enter your online Final Exam one time. * Click the Save Answers button often. * If you lose your Internet connection during your Final Exam, logon again and try to access your Final Exam. If you are unable to enter the Final Exam, first contact the Help Desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see...
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...Topic: Perfomance Management (Human Resource Mgt) Order code: 81208333 Time remaining: 1 days 5 hours 41 minutes Pages: 4, Double spaced Sources: 3 Order type: Essay Subject: Business Academic level: Master Style: APA Language: English (U.S.) Order Description Assignment 3: Performance Management Imagine that you are the HR manager for a retail store. Your store sells clothing, shoes, handbags, linens, etc. The company recently had its worst quarter, and you want to improve employee performance through sales of the merchandise and through offering excellent customer service. The employees are less motivated, due to the recent negative media attention the company has been getting about its earnings. You want to implement a new performance management system, modify the employees’ current behavior, and link compensation directly to performance. Write a four (4) paper in which you: 1. Create a job description for a retail sales associate. Create an organizational behavior modification (OBM) plan to define a set of three key behaviors that are necessary for a retail sales associate job performance. 2. Determine two (2) ways that an HR manager would measure whether prospective employees exhibit the key job performance behaviors. Propose two (2) methods that an HR manager can use to inform employees of the new performance standards. 3. As the HR manager, create a plan with two (2) methods of providing feedback to employees. Include the frequency...
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...Scholarship, Practice and Leadership Lisa Hoffman University Of Phoenix Scholarship, Practice and Leadership People have an ability to manage his or her span of information regarding his or her own health and the health of those they care for. With the increasing complexity of health information and health care settings, most people need additional information, skills, and supportive relationships. Societal expectations of health care professionals are rapidly changing and increasing. Society has high expectations of health professionals, expecting them to provide leadership roles in the community. In addition to societies’ expectations of leadership, universities expect faculty to demonstrate leadership in a scholarly manner. Scholarship is a fundamental expectation for anyone in an academic role. Scholarly leadership proceeds through the academic ranks of a university demonstrating evidence of effectiveness of teaching, research, professional activities, and community contributions. Boyer (1990) defines scholarship as “those actives that systematically advance the teaching and practice of nursing through rigorous inquiry that is significant to the profession is creative; can be documented; can be replicated or elaborated and can be peer-reviewed through various methods” (p. 129). Colleges and universities across the nation are striving to meet the challenges of a rapidly changing educational...
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...Organizational behavior is defined as actions and attitudes of individuals and groups toward one another and toward the organization as a whole, and its effect on the organization's functioning and performance. During the course of this semester I never thought that I would learn so much about why companies are the way they are because of their behavioral structure. “Behavior is a product of individual, group, and organizational influences and, as such, we draw upon the concepts and theories of Organizational Behavior (OB) to better understand behavioral processes at these levels.” (Boyd, 2011) Organizational behavior consists of management functions, globalization, managing workforce diversity, organizational behavior, culture, diversity, diversity programs, job satisfaction, emotions in the workplace, leadership, leadership styles, motivation, values, ethics, decision making, types of training, sources of stress, and resisting change. There are a few of these topics that I will discuss and research in this essay. The first topic that I will discuss is motivation in the workplace. Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behavior. In everyday usage, the term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person...
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...related to those topics to clearly make management moving and adapted to the context of organizational change by stating the theme to link the topic as a block. Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here Many authors described the change in their scholar works. This literature discussed the ethical, leadership, power and decision making regarding the organizational change. The purpose of my essay will be to demonstrate my ability to organize these different point of view in literature, synthesize different categories and then formulate the common themes among these articles The proposed solution for these different authors converged to make a pertinent social change regarding the leadership, the ethics, power, and the decision making in organizations. Those four topics related to management will be developed in different viewpoints in the same order as enumerated above. Leadership The author described the reflective change in individuals leading a societal project. Smith laid out a framework for leader undergoing an organization change. The author described the executive and management behavior regarding the implementation of principals to become a leader. According to Smith (2001), one of the main causes of successful organization’s failure is the lack of reflection. The author went on to suggest that a framework for today leader’s reflection to adapt in society change. Smith encouraged permanent learning for management to promote the organizational change. Smith saw...
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...This literature review examines organizational change and offers an in-depth study of "resistance to change". It aims to deepen this field by a theoretical exposition of the concept of "resistance to change". It is a key topic in change management and has been seriously considered for helping the organizations to achieve the advantages of this transformation. This review hints at where an organization should give special attention while initiating a change process. The study analysis the main sources of 'resistance to change' and also how to overcome it. Many authors (Lawrence, 1954; Maurer, 1996; Strebel, 1994; Waddell and Sohal, 1998; among others) have done lot of research to investigate the reasons of the failure of different change initiatives and they found that resistance to change is the one of those may reasons. Resistance to change can cause very costly and time consuming delays in change process. (Ansoff, 1990) we must consider them even though they are very difficult to anticipate. There is another school of thought who consider Resistance as a source of information and can be used as a learning to develop a more successful change process (Beer and Eisenstat, 1996; Goldstein, 1988; Lawrence, 1954; Piderit, 2000; Waddell and Sohal, 1998). There is no doubt that resistance to change is a very important topic in the field of change management and business process engineering and can help organizations to achieve the advantages of the transformation if it is considered...
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...Introduction Organizational Learning has become an important theory in the development of leadership and organizational growth. There are many works available on the topic but Peter M. Senge’s book “The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization” is held as the foremost organizational learning concept that others have built upon. In 1990, Senge outlined the five disciplines as follows: 1. System Thinking: is the conceptual framework where organizations see the total picture to make effective change. It is considered the cornerstone of the disciplines. 2. Personal Mastery: is dependent on the commitment of the organization’s members to effect change so the organization may learn. 3. Mental Models: exposes the biases that we carry with us, which we may be unaware of. In order to learn and change it is necessary to “turn the mirror inward.” It opens the member to “learningful” conversations and other’s input. 4. Building Shared Vision: this is the shared commitment of the future goals of the organization. The key component of this discipline is that the vision is shared by the stakeholders and not dictated by the organization. 5. Team Learning: this is the foundation to the organization’s ability to thrive. It is a vital component of modern organizations as the learning unit is the team, as opposed to the individual. The teams must learn so the organization may learn. Senge defined his framework as disciplines because he considered them...
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... This paper will discuss the trends in the steel industry and how it may impact Nucor’s strategy; discuss the organizational structure and management philosophy at Nucor. Identify three HRM issues related to strategy implementation and recommend actions to address these issues. I will be given my own recommendations for related or unrelated diversification that the company would need to address. 1. The trends in the steel industry Nucor Corporation is the second-largest steel producer in the United States and has had net sales of $4.6 billion in 2000. Nucor recycles approximately 10 million tons of scrap steel. It operates in 9 states and produces carbon and alloy steel in bars, beams, sheet, and plate; steel joists and joist girders; steel deck; cold finished steel; steel fasteners; metal building systems; and light gauge steel framing. The company emerged from near Bankruptcy in 1966 to become one of the fastest-growing steel. The steel industry is a dynamic, innovative sector, which is constantly adapting and refining itself to become more competitive in the market. The industry does this by developing new, improved steel grades and production procedures that produce better and more cost-effective product lines for the changing marketplace. Today developing countries lead the growth in world steel demand. http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Iron-Steel-Industry-In-India/219767 The steel industry has a very hazardous work environment, which in return...
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...Topic-3 Introduction Job specialization is basically a job that is comprised of a small portion of larger vocation or procedure (Williams and Mcwilliams). Job specialization is economical and hence used by companies as it takes less time to learn. Specialized jobs are very simple and easy in designing that everyone can acquire in a short period of time. On the other hand, job specialization will also result in low job satisfaction and higher potential for employee boredom and absenteeism as well as higher error rate issues arises. This essay will outline the methodologies for specialized jobs that can be modified to reduce boredom and low satisfaction associated with job specialization through Job characteristic model. Body paragraphs The main reason for low satisfaction from job specialization is internal motivation which means when employees feel good at work as they praised by their bosses. Similarly, specialized jobs can be modified with the help of five strong job characteristics. These are as follows: 1. Skill variety: The degree to which the job requires a man to use the diversion of high-level skills (Bauer). 2. Task Identity: The extent to which a man is accountable for finishing an identifiable bit of work. 3. Task significance: It relates to check whether a person’s job affects others work or not (Bauer). 4. Autonomy: The extent where a person or employee gets freedom and independence to interact with customers rather than just receiving orders...
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...Mawhinney@udmercy.edu College of Business Information : Emergency Phone: 313 993-1200 Ask for Wendy FAX (U of D, running most of the time): 313 993-1673 UD Mercy Bookstore Textbook Information & Online Purchase Options Follow either link below, first is bookstore “in general” second is for our specific text book: CAUTION and ADVICE : DO NOT use an “international edition” of this text book or any other edition unless it is THIS text in paperback or electronic format. The campus bookstore will have the exact text we will use in class. There is a good chance that if you use a different edition, e.g., international edition, it will differ in some important ways from the text described above. Please use the following: Title: Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes Fourteenth Edition Authors: James L. Gibson, John M. Ivancevich, James H. Donnelly, Jr., Robert Konopaske Publisher: Published by McGraw - Hill, Copyright © 2012 ISBN 978-0-07- 811266 -9 ( soft cover : alk. or hard cover, whichever you like if available) REVISED July 26, 2013 Disability Support Services and Accommodations Information Disability Support Services and Accommodations: It is very important for students to be proactive with regard to requesting disability accommodations. While it is never required that you disclose your disability to your professors, all students at...
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...economic change. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 259 Topic: The Change Process 2) The "calm waters" metaphor of change is consistent with Lewin's concept of unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 259 Topic: The Change Process 3) In the "white-water rapids" metaphor of change, managers should expect change at any time, and it may last for unspecified lengths of time. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 260 Topic: The Change Process 4) Organizational change can be any alterations in people, structure, or technology. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 262 Topic: Types of Organizational Change 5) Any manager can be a change agent. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 261 Topic: Types of Organizational Change 6) Changing structure includes any change in structural variables such as reporting relationships, coordination mechanisms, employee empowerment, or job redesign. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 262 Topic: Types of Organizational Change 7) Computerization is a technological change that replaces people with machines. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 262 Topic: Types of Organizational Change Skill: AACSB: Technology 8) Competitive factors or new innovations within an industry often require managers to introduce new equipment, tools, or operating methods. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 262 Topic: Types of Organizational Change 9) Probably the most visible technology changes...
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...Unit Guide MGW2230 Organisational behaviour Semester 1, 2016 Handbook link: http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/2016handbooks/units/index-byfaculty-bus.html The information contained in this unit guide is correct at time of publication. The University has the right to change any of the elements contained in this document at any time. Last updated: 19 Feb 2016 Table of contents 1 Table of contents Unit handbook information 4 Synopsis 4 Mode of delivery 4 Workload requirements 4 Unit relationships 4 Prerequisites 4 Prohibitions 4 Co-requisites 4 Chief Examiner 4 Unit Coordinator(s) 5 Tutor(s) 5 Academic overview 5 Learning outcomes 5 Teaching approach 5 Unit schedule Assessment summary 7 8 Second marking 8 Return of final marks 8 Exam viewing 8 Assessment criteria 9 Assessment requirements 9 Hurdle requirements 9 Participation 9 Assessment tasks 9 Examination(s) 13 Extension and penalties 13 Returning assignments 14 Resubmission of assignments 14 Referencing requirements 14 Assignment submission 14 Feedback 15 Learning resources 16 Required resources 16 Technological requirements 16 Q Manual 17 2 Recommended resources Other information 17 17 Policies 17 Graduate Attributes Policy 18 Student Charter 18 Student Services ...
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...| Subject Outline & Activity Schedule | |Lecturer/ Tutor |E-mail |Office |Telephone | |Dr. Simon Chan |simon.ch.chan@polyu.edu.hk |Room M1031 |3400-3643 | |Mr. Herbert Leung |herbert.kinshing.leung@polyu.edu.hk |Room M925 |2766-7117 | ROLE AND PURPOSE The overall aim of the subject is to enable the student to understand the major human resource policies and practices of contemporary modern organizations with particular reference to their application in the local context. Students will critically assess the relationship between strategy and the core HRM activities such as recruitment, selection, appraisal and pay systems, planning, training and development, and approaches to the quality of working life. This subject contributes to the achievement of the BBA (Hons) Programme Outcomes by enabling students with an understanding of human resource management functions within organizations and to apply such concepts to analyze and solve problems in business situation. The subject also provides students with knowledge and skills in recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, and pay and benefits. In addition, it...
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