...Introduction: Prostitution is one of the most widely neglected but complex vices of a society. It is the oldest profession in the world. The word prostitution began to come into common usage in the late eighteen century. Prostitution is historically and culturally ubiquitous with every culture adopting their own standards and attitudes. In the ancient world most purveyors of sexuality for economic reward were courtesans, concubines (kept mistresses) or slaves. Courtesans and concubines often had a high position in the traditional society. But in modern society this profession is being neglected and various social problems are occurred from it. One of the most serious problems is associated with the prostitution is the fact that the sex trade is surrounded by illegal, abusive and dangerous activities. One view maintains that such situations occur because prostitution is kept illegal and the industry operates on the back market. Besides these prostitutes are also sufferings in society. They have no status. Even their client also hates them. Prostitution: The word “prostitute” or more frequently “whore” is used as an insult towards a person (typically a women or girl) who is perceived as being sexually promiscuous (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prostitute). Prostitution is the act or practice of providing sexual service to another person in return for payment. People who execute such activities are called Prostitutes. According to Anthony Giddens, Prostitution can be defined...
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...The emergence of the Child Sex Market: The market for children prostitutes has been created by a number of factors. During the 1970"s pedophiles from Western countries were attracted to Thailand because of its lenient laws against prostitution and the high currency exchange rate (Jubilee, p. 3). The supply of customers caused pimps to acquire children through sale and through kidnapping to meet their demand. Widespread rural poverty and the low socioeconomic status of children caused the influx of a large supply of rural children that could be acquired relatively cheep. To prevent the interference of the government Thai officials were bribed or in some cases offered a portion of the profits of the trade. When the AIDS epidemic severely hit the sex industry during the 1980"s many sex tourist began to engage in child sex tourism because children were seen as a safe alternative to adults. Child prostitutes were seen as being less risky due to their young age. Contrary to this notion sex with child prostitutes actually increases the likelihood of the transmission of AIDS due to the immature bodies of children (Jubilee, p. 4). In the past decade the media, most specifically the travel industry, has developed a taste for women with "girly" qualities. The result of this trend is a steadily increasing demand for underage prostitutes as well as the continual decline in the desired age for child prostitutes. Due to these unfortunate circumstances the child sex trade has steadily grown...
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...beneath it says: “Heaven is now possible and right here within your grasp”. Because of the displaying picture that was supposed to be promoting Thai tourism, is rather seen as a provocative image. Foreign travellers view and perceive it as a selling of the commercialized sex, and see Thailand as the sex-offer country. The picture even increases the international reputation of Thailand as a “Brothel of the world”. A number of international tourists -- especially male -- visiting Thailand as they are , apart from other reasons, motivated by sexual services that are available at their hand in bargained-price (Hall, 1996). Normally, sex workers are the most focused medium in this industry. Many people condemn and marginalise them. They also claim that prostitutes are solely responsible for the worldwide fame -- or rather shame -- for the sex industry establishment of Thailand. However, the opposition asserts that, for the sex industry to be able to reach this magnitude; this problem is more complex than we thought. In this essay, I will argue that prostitutes are not the only one to be blamed on in the sex tourism in Thailand. The history of sex tourism in Thailand started in the late 1960s -- during the Vietnam War. Thailand not only allowed American military to establish the stationary troops, but also...
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...Valerie Carpenter Dr. Alan Turley SOCI-1301-052 25 Nov. 2014 Deviance & Crime “Stop! Put your hands where I can see them punk!” At that moment that's when you knew you screwed up big time. Getting involved with the cops is never fun for anyone unless you’re the cop. In this essay I will be disusing the difference between crime and deviance, The National Crime Victimization Survey, feminist approaches. Also will be getting into the different age/race/class crime rates, and the rates of crime back in the day and crime rates today. Crime is behavior that breaks the law, and deviance is behavior that differs from the socially accepted norm. Deviance is a much wider and obscure concept than crime and is therefore more difficult to define. Deviance exists in relation to what is considered `normal` in a society. For example of deviant behavior is like getting a facial tattoo or a very bold body piercing. When on the other hand an example of crime is rape, homicide or aggravated assault. Which the punishments ranges from more than a year to a life time. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), is administered by the Bureau of Justice Statistic. This national survey asked household in the United States twice a year if they have been victims of a crime and hasn’t been reported to the police. They ask approximately 49,000 to 77,400 households in the US. The survey is usually focused on rape, assault, robbery, motor vehicle theft, burglary and larceny. They use this information...
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...The most outstanding metaphor is in paragraph five when she compares boxing to be a ““vicious exploitation of maleness” (Oates 3) as on prostitution and pornography may be said to be a vicious exploitation of femaleness.” In other words, she is saying boxing is male “prostitution”. Oates means that in a sense that boxing brings people down, it allows to stop being who you are and live a different lifestyle for a moment; it is dangerous, but who can really stop them? Oates choice of words are also very strong; they do not hold back and it gives her essay a lot more emphasis on what she is trying to point of. For example, in paragraph four, when she states, ““boxing” is the art, but “fighting” is the passion.” (Oates 2) There is so much meaning behind that statement and Oates does that very well throughout her paper. Also describing her style, she uses a lot of advanced vocabulary, but that only proves that Oates is a well-developed...
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...In this essay, I am going to assess the patterns of crime committed by males and females. Many general theories tend to neglect gender as a factor influencing criminality. There is a common assumption that males often commit more crime than women. The study of criminology have tended to be dominated by males, therefore the studies are done by men about men. The official statistics suggest that gender is perhaps the most significant single factor in whether an individual is convicted of crime. The official statistics often comply with the common assumption that men commit more crimes then women. According to official statistics, in 2005, 1.8 million offenders were guilty in which 79% were male and 7% of these were aged fewer than 18. The ratio of male offenders to female offenders is four to one. The highest rates of offending for the most serious crimes were 17 year olds for males and 15 year olds for females. Pollak (1950) argued that official statistics on gender and crime were highly misleading. He claimed that statistics underestimated the extent of female criminality. Pollack claimed to have identified crimes that are usually committed by women but which are likely to go unreported. According to him, nearly all offences of shoplifting and all criminal abortion were carried out by women. Many unreported crimes are committed by female domestic servants. Pollack accepted official definitions of crime when he pointed out all the offences of prostitution that were...
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...Chapter 6 - Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation Essay Question - How do the various theoretical perspectives explain inequality based on sexual orientation? Summarize each perspective and then explain which one you find most compelling and why. Gay, Lesbian, Transsexual, Queer, homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual they are all just different words for defining individuals. Sexual behaviour whether heterosexual or homosexual is a learnt therefore the focus is on the development of the identity of which they identify themselves as gay, lesbian, bisexual or straight is the Interactionist perspective. It is assumed that most individuals define themselves as heterosexual because it is the established norm; therefore do not have to struggle over their identity. This thought of having a choice over identity should be disregarded. The individual is caught trying to define whom they are when subconsciously they already know. This theory is based on the journey that individuals take to define themselves. (Kendall, Nygaard, & Thompson, 2004) The feminist perspective theory that has changed drastically over the last 4 decades. in the late 1960s and through the 1970s sexual orientation was debated by radical feminist and the oppression of women in society. Today feminist argue that “Feminism asserts the right of all women to make their erotic choices, and this includes choosing men exclusively. Feminism also rejects the hierarchy of sexual practices, and do does not seek to substitute...
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...Hakop Jack Avetisyan Essay #1 [Choice#2] The one-child policy is a population control policy that was introduced in 1979 to relive social, economic, and environmental problems in China. At the time the growth rate of China’s population was very high and the main purpose of the policy was to limit the large family units in the country to one child each. After implementing the policy, the government hoped to see reduction in the growth rate of its enormous population. Sometimes couples can have a second child only if their first was a girl or had disabilities. As of today, China’s government believes that their one-child policy will result in a wealthier, healthier and happier life for the people of China. After viewing the article, “Plight of The Little Emperors” and documentary, “China’s lost girls” I think the one-child policy implemented in China is not the right way to control over population. I believe that China’s one-child policy has been unsuccessful because it has caused health issues and gender imbalance. The first reason why I think the one-child policy has been unsuccessful is because it has caused health issues. Traditionally in the Chinese culture, the children take care of their parents when they are older. Since the one-child policy only allows them to have one child, they are willing to do almost anything so that child will be successful and support them in old age. By sacrificing...
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...1976 film, Taxi Driver, seen through the maladjusted protagonist, Travis Brickle, is both of seeing and of being. Taxi Driver affirms Laura Mulvey’s idea of the “male gaze,” a combination of the interaction of looks, fetishism, voyeurism, and pleasure in (Hollywood) cinema. Mulvey outlines three different looks within film: of the director and camera, of the spectator, and of the male protagonist. Film, as Mulvey argued, perpetuates the “male gaze.” In the film, emblematic of the “male gaze,” Travis is presented as the dominant male while most female characters are treated and seen as objects of sex and desire—cheapened, eroticized, submissive—though he one female, Betsy, is treated and seen with reverent affection. In addition,...
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...Women on the other hand, as Montagu rightfully criticizes were seen as passionless beings. Unfaithful men were not shamed in public, but rather encouraged by the fact that prostitution per se was seen as unavoidable, as it was ironically protecting the chastity and fidelity of a group of women, while demoting another group of women, the prostitutes, to the margins of society. While those women were seen as the most disgraceful beings under the sun, their clients were publicly acquitted because of their sex. As observed, this societal state was discouraging women from marriage and encouraging them to secrecy, as it is portrayed in the Epistle from Mrs. Y(onge) to Her Husband. Women were not only disadvantaged in the court of public opinion, but also juristicially. As they were often forced to give most of their belongings to their husbands and had to live on a small pension without the chance of getting remarried. While...
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...Evolution of Sexuality, Gender and Feminism in Cyber Culture Within the ever-evolving cyber world, in which many people find themselves living, there are traditional aspects of a previous culture which are re-emerging with technological advances. There are changing expectations of almost all themes and ideas in life, including gender and sexuality that are emerging with different notions and concepts which accompany them. In Neuromancer, by William Gibson, gender and sexuality of cyber culture are themes which are redefined and addressed throughout the novel. Through these new definitions of sex and gender, which are modified by technological advances, feminism, sexuality and the male-female binary are altered and take on entirely new meanings, which represent the decline of some aspects of humanity. Beginning with sexuality, there were very strict definitions of sexuality in our culture before it was exposed to an internet and cyber infested world. There were expectations and notions which existed prior to the emergence of cyber culture. These concepts are discussed and depicted in Gibson’s Nueromancer. There are many scenes which show this evolving and changing notion of sexuality of the future; the most memorable would most likely be the scene where Riviera performs a sexual scene to an audience including Armitage, Molly and Case. He uses his hands and mind to paint a picture of a woman, which he is having sex with; the woman is Molly. Riviera is able to paint a vivid...
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...Miguel Mendoza Dr. Mc Fadden ENGWR 302 July 22, 2014 Sex and Violence Essay Lost Children The experience of a child growing up is meant to be exciting and fun. It is a time when children experience and learn about themselves and their morals by simply being a kids and having fun. To have one’s childhood forcefully taken away from them is inhumane, and unfortunately sexual, physical, and mental child abuse has always existed. Thorn is a technology task force made up of twenty technology companies including Google, Facebook, Microsoft, and Twitter that lend their knowledge, time and resources to fight the sexual exploitation of children. According to Thorn, the exact number of child abuse victims is difficult to identify due to illicit nature of this activity, but it is estimated that there are 100,000 to 300,000 children at risk of commercial sexual exploitation in the United States and one million children exploited by the global commercial sex trade each year. Given these figures there are three questions that come to mind: Why does child sexual exploitation occur?; What are the consequences of sexual exploitation on the victims?; What can be done to stop it? According to NSPCC child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a, “…form of sexual abuse that involves the manipulation and/or coercion of young people under the age of 18 into sexual activity in exchange for things such as money, gifts, accommodation, affection or status.” A direct link has been observed between...
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...Title: Case study Word count: 2,300 Bandura’s (1977) core argument posits that human behaviour can be learnt vicariously by observing and imitating others behaviours, a process which he calls modelling (Wortley, 2011). He argues that social learning does not require only direct experiences as radical behaviourists of operant and classical conditioning suggest (Wortley, 2011). Bandura (1977) supports his argument with three reasons. The first is that behaviour is learned through observation (Cherry, 2013). The second is that cognitive mediation is an essential part of the learning process (Cherry, 2013). The third is that not all learned behaviour is repeated (Cherry, 2013). This is because unlike traditional behavioralists, Bandura (1977) views the internal mental processes as important as the external processes in learning (Moore, 2011). His reasoning for this is that the modelling process requires attention, retention, reproduction and motivation in order to acquire the behaviour and determines whether they instigate it and maintain it (Bahn, 2001). As such, Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory, later called social cognitive theory is built upon reciprocal determinism (Moore, 2011). He proposed the triadic SOR model, which shows how interpersonal factors; locus of control, self-efficacy and moral disengagement (organism), interact interchangeably with behaviour (response) and the environment (stimulus) (Simon, 1999/2001). This is an expansion upon the pre-existing...
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...• Sexual Perversion OR “Unnatural” Sexual Activity I.Introduction Sexual perversions are conditions in which sexual excitement or orgasm is associated with acts on imagery that are considered unusual with culture. In psychology, sexual perversion usually refers to the practice of sex that is beyond normally. Sexual perversion often as is as difficult to define pornography. Some people think that any sexual activity other than sexual intercourse between a man and a woman in the traditional “missionary” position described earlier is perverted or unnatural. Others feel that any type of regular sexual intercourse between a man and a woman, but nothing else, is all right, and still others allow that “anything goes” as long a pleasure is given. Although it refers to a variety of forms of deviation, it is most often used to describe sexual behaviors that are considered particularly abnormal, repulsive, and obsessive. Many recognizes perversion and deviant behavior as the same, however they differ in that the latter cover areas of behavior (such as petty crime) for which “perversion” can be misunderstood for that term. There were many that were considered; dilatory and in psychology literature, the term paraphilia has been used as replacement, though the term is “controversial”. The neutral term paraphilia, derived from Greek roots meaning “alongside of” and “love” is used to describe what used to be called sexual perversions. A paraphilia is...
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...2013 1) The cookie and who is in control of it! Strager’s essay provides an insightful and often hilarious commentary on the target audience of pornography: masturbating men. He states that pornography focuses only on male pleasure and that when a man is not present in the scene, women are there only as objects which a man will get pleasure from. His conclusion is that men watch pornography in a somewhat homoerotic way, focusing on the men in the films rather than the women. He goes even further to say that men are specifically watching the penis - the rest of the man’s body does not matter. Strager’s argument is unusual, but compelling. The idea of a focus on disembodied genitalia does not seem so strange when you consider how large the market for sex toys is. So, if we accept Strager’s explanation that men watch pornography to see the pleasure of other men, what do women watch when they watch pornography? It’s no secret that the accessibility of porn has increased consumption not just by men, but by women as well. Statistics are varied but seem to indicate that more females are using pornography than ever before. Female-point-of-view films, female porn directors, and even novels such as Fifty Shades of Grey indicate a changing industry which includes women. The shocking question “Do women watch porn?” has been transformed into “Why do women watch porn?” One may suggest that women watch porn to bond with their male partners, to satisfy curiosity, to learn new things, or to...
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