...Topic-3 Introduction Job specialization is basically a job that is comprised of a small portion of larger vocation or procedure (Williams and Mcwilliams). Job specialization is economical and hence used by companies as it takes less time to learn. Specialized jobs are very simple and easy in designing that everyone can acquire in a short period of time. On the other hand, job specialization will also result in low job satisfaction and higher potential for employee boredom and absenteeism as well as higher error rate issues arises. This essay will outline the methodologies for specialized jobs that can be modified to reduce boredom and low satisfaction associated with job specialization through Job characteristic model. Body paragraphs The main reason for low satisfaction from job specialization is internal motivation which means when employees feel good at work as they praised by their bosses. Similarly, specialized jobs can be modified with the help of five strong job characteristics. These are as follows: 1. Skill variety: The degree to which the job requires a man to use the diversion of high-level skills (Bauer). 2. Task Identity: The extent to which a man is accountable for finishing an identifiable bit of work. 3. Task significance: It relates to check whether a person’s job affects others work or not (Bauer). 4. Autonomy: The extent where a person or employee gets freedom and independence to interact with customers rather than just receiving orders...
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..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1. Why is it important to focus on motivating employees who survive a layoff? Most companies focus on layoff processes, but they should take more in consideration the layoff survivors who in fact experience more anxiety and tension. After the layoff, the survivors are the ones who “suffer” more. Their workload becomes heavy and as a result their stress levels are increased. It is important to focus on motivating the employees who survive a layoff because after that, they feel a lack of security on their job, due to the fact they don’t know when it will be their turn. Motivating surviving people reduces the negative feeling they experience during this layoff event, and the negative consequences. This is what company should do, if it wants to develop the organization during an economic turndown. 2. To what extent is Conaty’s advice consistent with equity and expectancy theory? The equity theory is based on the very important task for the managers which is giving and paying attention to the perceptions that an employee can have. He can look for fairness...
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...Keeping employees motivated has never been as significant as during the current economic we live in today. Motivation is what energizes, maintains, and controls behavior. As such, it is clear why it plays an imperative role in the workplace. With over 11,000 employees, SAS Institute has been named Fortune Magazine Best Company in America to work for (“Closing Case Motivating Employees at the SAS Institute”).. Bringing in approximately $2.3 Billion in revenue, SAS Institute is the biggest privately owned software company in the world (“Closing Case Motivating Employees at the SAS Institute”). In this case study, we will take a look at, how does SAS Institute motivate its employees? What factors are likely to contribute to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? And lastly, how might SAS long term focus affect employee motivation. How Does SAS Motivate its Employees? SAS Institute plays a big part in motivating its employees. It has always been their top priority to make sure that, their employees enjoy coming to their workplace each and every day. Even more so, motivated to do a good job on their work, that they are given. At SAS Institute managers want employees to feel that the contribution, which they are making is important to the company, and that the company appreciates the work they are providing to them. SAS believes in keeping business inside the company (“Closing Case Motivating Employees at the SAS Institute”).. For this reason, they would rather have employees develop...
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...rewards”. Discuss. This essay will discuss if money and financial rewards are truly the one best way to increase work motivation for an organization. This essay will point out both the pros and cons of making financial rewards the best work motivator in an organization. Why are companies’ making a major concern on motivating employees within our organization? This is because motivated employees perform better in their jobs. Especially with high-ranking officials whom make most of the companies’ important decisions, such as whether it’s a suitable move for a company to invest in a project, or whether it’s a smart choice for a company to expand overseas. If these officials happen to be not motivated, their job performance will show decline; therefore, causing the company to lose huge revenues which may in turn cause the loss of jobs of many. Thus, motivated employees play a huge role in bringing huge returns to a company that will benefit shareholders, employees themselves and also create new jobs for the public as the company expands. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2006) defined employee "as a person who works for another in return for financial or other compensation". Yes, what it defined an employee to be is correct. People do work in order to get returns financially or other compensation. In the modern era, the corporate world believes that the best way to motivate employees is by providing these employees with higher pays, larger bonuses...
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...organization goals (Noe, Hollenbeck, Grehart, & Wright, 1994). There are many ways by which employee can be low morale or disengaged with their work like no job security, downsizing in the organization, not satisfied with their work etc. HR Manager should take major steps to increase morale and should always try to motivate employee. Disengaged and demotivated worked directly affect to the goals and success of an organization. This essay aims on motivating performance and engaging worker in his work through job design, recruitment, selection, diversity, etc and the ways by which HR manager can reduces disincentives of an employee from their work. This essay focuses on the morale, motivation and enthusiasm of workers in organisations will be a much bigger challenge in the future so what human resource strategies a company can adopt to meet these challenges. Firstly the essay will identify the reason of low morale and disengagement of worker. Then how they will affect the goals of an organization and reduces the quality of the product. Finally the essay will aim on the different steps that an HR Manager can take to reduce low morale and disengagement of worker. Jobs and goal setting can improve performance of organization by well design jobs. It is proposed by Garg & Rastogi (2006) that well designed...
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... that company must be able to fully motivate their employees. One of the primary factors to motivate the sales force is compensation. Employees that are in the sales force do want to get commissions for the sales that are made, but they do also want to get a base salary as well. A commission only structure can greatly motivate employees to make sales, yet if they only receive pay for making a sale, an employee might not feel that they need to come to work if they can’t rely on a sale that day. Base pay can make an employee want to choose that job because it can lead to job security (Motivating, 2011). A good mixture of both a base salary, as well as a commission structure will provide the best motivation for a sales person as far as compensation goes. Compensation is not the only thing to goes into motivating someone in the sales force though. Employees also want to gain recognition for results that they have achieved. Rewards don’t always have to be financial for every member, yet can still be a great motivator. Employees will probably work hard to get good results if they were to know those results could send them on some sort of trip, or even just to a nice event outside of the work place. Some employees find intrinsic rewards to be a huge motivator as well though. An employee having their name on an internal leader board might be enough recognition for that employee (What Motivates, 2011). Employees also want to feel that they fit in with the other associates...
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...Introduction This essay aims to elucidate the concept of motivation in the shop assistant job at Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M) in London. This will be described as the essay will start with looking at H&M. Then evaluating the motivating potential score (MPS) to propose potential recommendations as a manager, which are validated through these motivational theories: the Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory. Looking at the evaluation of the motivating potential score (MPS) and the recommendations together will provide better job satisfaction (Robbins & Judge, 2008) to enhance this job within this company. Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M) Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M) has an international reputation as they are one of the world’s largest retailers that encompasses several different brands, which include COS, Monki, Weekday and Cheap Monday which all specialises in the fashion industry. H&M has a potent diversity of employees and its company culture based on several core values such as simplicity, a down-to-earth approach, entrepreneurship, team spirit, common sense and a belief in individuals and their attributes to use their initiative (H&M, 2012). The Motivating Potential Score (MPS) An employee motivation in a job can be analysed using the motivating potential score (MPS). The MPS uses the five core characteristics from the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) which are: Skill variety; Task identity; Task significance; Autonomy; and Feedback. The MPS is very important as...
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...Applying theory from People, Work and Organization to practise The People, Work and Organization module covers a wide ranging spectrum of psychological and sociological aspects which relate to an individual’s behaviour in a workplace environment. This essay will explore three critical components of organizational behaviour and organizational psychology: Motivation and job satisfaction, Perception and Recruitment and Selection. These three components of organization behaviour and organizational psychology exploit an in depth understanding on how employees and employers interact, and additionally all three components give an insight on the workings of organizations. Through-out this essay, a theory will be stated with professional criticism – both of which would be correlated to a real life example of an organization, for this instance, it will be Samsung. Motivation: the forces within a person that affects his or her direction, intensity and persistence of voluntary behaviour. (Spicer and Lee, 2014). There are two different types of motivators, intrinsic motivators and extrinsic motivators. Intrinsic motivators stem internally from an individual’s desire to achieve something and it is usually self-applied. In the workplace, untainted interest in a project or positive recognition from a manager are examples of intrinsic motivators. In contrast to this, extrinsic motivators stem externally from an individual’s desire to achieve something and is generally applied by someone higher...
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...language dictionary for international students Please answer all questions in this exam. Answers to the multiple choice questions need to be filled in on the scantron sheets (remember to use pencil to fill in the circles) and also circled on the exam itself. Answers to the short answer questions should go in the exam booklet provided. All three components (scantron sheets, exam booklets, paper copy of exam) should be turned in at the conclusion of the exam. This exam consists of 25 multiple choice questions, 10 true/false questions and 2 short answer essay questions – you must answer ALL questions. The exam consist of 9 pages (including cover sheet) Name: ___________________________________________________________ Student #: ___________________________________ Question | Grade | 25 multiple choice questions(2 points each) | /50 | 10 true/false questions(1 point each) | /10 | Essay question #1 | /20 | Essay question #2 | /20 | Total: | /100 | SECTION 1: Multiple choice questions (25 questions x 2 points each = 50 points total) Answer all multiple-choice questions. Circle the ONE best answer to the question, and fill it in on your scantron sheet. Make sure you indicate only one letter. If you change your mind, ensure it is clear which alternative is your answer. Place this question sheet and your scantron sheet inside your blue book when you turn in your exam. 1. | Who was the father of scientific management? | | a. | Henri Fayol | b...
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...Essay Question: ‘’The one best way to increase work motivation for an organization is through employee reward schemes’’. Discuss. The main purpose for us to wake up every morning is because of certain responsibilities. This could be anything from cleaning your room to working in a bank or even dropping the kids off at school. We all have them regardless of age, ethnicity, gender, race, religion and other factors. However, the one obligation that is compulsory for each and every individual after a certain age is to earn a living, by the means of working. We all get to a certain stage in our lives when we have to be independent and start supporting ourselves financially and that can only be achieved if we go to work and complete the tasks assigned efficiently. Whether we are doing something that we are passionate about or if it is a nine to five job that people have just to make ends meet or even if it is something in the primary and secondary sector, they all need motivation. Employee motivation plays a key role in management both practically and theoretically. The basic concept of rewarding people is through reward schemes. Even if the work is something an individual is obsessive about, without rewards, pay and other factors the person would lose their commitment towards that particular job. Though there are various different types of ways to motivate employees besides these, they have got their own advantages and disadvantages. Rewarding systems...
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...applications associated with motivation. Motivation is a necessary skill for future managers and leaders as it is used to motivate employees to work more efficiently. Researching the different motivation methods has brought the realization of just how important motivation is in the workplace. For most managers, motivating their employees is a key issue. In today’s work force, managers are inclined to pay special attention to their employees. They also pay attention to motivates them to perform at a higher level. Not every individual works in the same manner or needs the same motivation. This paper will look at the different characteristics of professional workers and lower-level contingent workers. Also addressed in this paper will be the different motivational approaches that are used by managers today towards these two groups. Finally, by applying a set of motivational theories, this paper will attempt to explain why managers should apply different methods to each of these groups. There are many questions facing managers about motivation; questions such as how does motivation work, when to apply motivation, and whom to apply motivation techniques to. Motivation reflects how innovative and productive jobs are achieved within work organizations. Because motivation influences productivity, supervisors need to understand what motivates employees to reach their peak performance. Motivation is the driving force which causes an individual to achieve their goals. Motivation is...
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...The Virgin Group: Structure, leadership and motivation This essay analyses organizational structuring of the Virgin Group, with a view to understanding the dynamics that have helped create a global conglomerate. A critical assessment is undertaken on three areas: the hierarchical form of the company, the style of leadership exhibited by Sir Richard Branson, and the approach adopted by management to motivate employees. Firstly, a comparative argument is made on whether the Virgin Group can be classified as a centralised or decentralised organization. These terms refer to division of power, capital, technical procedures and control in various units of a business. A centralised organization allows for minimal delegation to managers, with the chief executive retaining power over majority of the decisions. On the other end, a decentralised organization makes it possible for managers to exercise control without ownership oversight at each stage, provided goals and targets are met (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2007). Secondly, the essay aims to determine the leadership style practiced by Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Group’s chief executive officer (CEO). Two styles of leadership are used as reference point: transactional and transformational. According to Bass & Bass (2009), transactional leaders work within the organizational culture as it exists, with an awareness of the link between effort and reward. They motivate their employees by setting goals, and enforce control through the use of punishment...
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...Bust up Essay One of the most important themes in the history of research on organisational behaviour has been the study of employee’s motivation and responses to job dissatisfaction. In recent times, employee nurse Wendy was virtually assured that she would be promoted to manager nurse, but instead the selection panel decided after interviews that Tanya was the more suitable candidate. As a result, the frustration and pessimistic emotional state of Wendy was clearly shown by means of the outburst response that left Tanya in shock and unsure on how to manage Wendy’s situation. The focus of this essay will be to explore the job dissatisfaction of Wendy and to further predict Wendy’s future actions and recommend strategies that Tanya could use. Proceeding these recommendations, the usefulness of the four-drive theory and equity theory will be assessed in order to keep employees motivated and deal with Wendy’s behaviour. The Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect (EVLN) model is an important framework used to describe employee responses to job dissatisfaction in one of four ways: by exiting, speaking out about it, loyalty, or job neglect. Based on these ideas of the EVLN model, Wendy has allowed conditions to worsen by enforcing the ‘neglect’ approach when she decided to take time off work. In addition, she had unsuccessfully attempted to voice her level of job dissatisfaction to any of the staff until the recent outburst that occurred at Tanya’s office doorway. According to Lee and Whitford...
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...Introduction Engendering the emotional energy of employees is the most difficult challenge facing organisational leaders worldwide. Several organisational behaviours can be attributed towards how successful a company will be. Motivation is a crucial aspect in many organisations and is also a key determinant in the triumph of a business. Motivation is defined as the process of initiating and directing behaviour, and willingness to exert high levels of effort to drive toward organisational goals, conditioned by the effort's ability to satisfy individual needs (Gabriel 1989: 224; Mathis & Jackson 2006: 79). Therefore, motivation is considered to be detrimental to the facets of management within the workforce, where the quality of work that people express is often a result of the motivation they possess. This essay will discuss the concept of motivation by focusing on content theories of motivation and its related theories through exploration of the variable nature of needs and expectations. Also, this essay will discuss the importance of having a motivated workforce and how the application of these theories is pivotal in achieving staff motivation. Lastly, this essay will include an evaluation of Southwest Airlines, with particular emphasis on the links between motivation and value creation for the company, as well as staff satisfaction. Motivation The motivational process in management can be treated as a need satisfying process. Content theories of motivation are primarily...
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...of reference 18 Introduction 1.1 General introduction of Motivation A company is a human body, so employees are like its blood. Employees are the most important asset in the creative economy. Enterprises create a kind of environment to keep the excellent talents which it's the most sensible initiative can carry out. Thus, enterprises must know the skills of employees' motivation and concentrate on motivating employees. It's the required courses about that if enterprise wants to become a successful company. Moreover, how to motivate staff in the workplace is a hot topic to discuss. 1.2 The definition of Motivation Firstly, to put it simply motivation is generalized as "enthusiasm for doing something" (Cambridge dictionary online, 2011). Moreover, Mullins (2005: 471) declares that motivation means "the direction and persistence of action." And identifies three common characteristics of motivation: (1) "individual phenomenon”, (2) “intentional” and (3) “multifaceted”. Here it is possible to say that motivation depends on each person and what motivates one person is different from what motivates another person. Mullins explains that the purpose of motivation theories is "to predict behavior." (2005: 471) Therefore, motivation theory can be a useful tool to predict behavior. This illustrates that employees' behavior depends on the...
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