...issue that Sontag addresses in her essay. Designate what type of questions at issue these are (definition, interpretation, consequence, value, or policy). * Sontag states that when people go on vacation and take photos that they are limiting the experience in the search to take a great picture to keep as a souvenir. (Value) * When someone is immobilized or cannot fully participate in an event, taking pictures is a way to still feel like you’ve been participating. 2. What are her claims/theses/arguments in response to these questions? Take passages directly from the text with page numbers next to them. * “A way of certifying experience, taking photographs is also a way of refusing it—by limiting experience to a search for the photogenic, by converting experience photograph, and move on.” 305 * “Being temporarily immobilized prevents him from acting on what he sees, and makes it even more important to take pictures. Even if incompatible with intervention in a physical sense, using a camera is still a form of participation.” 306 3. Now analyze each statement. How does she support her claims? Are her reasons sufficient/convincing/weak/absent? Why? * Her reason is pretty convincing. I know when I’ve went on vacation I was more concerned with taking really good pictures for everyone to see, rather than fully taking the full experience in. Most people who are really into taking pictures just look for good things to take photos of rather than looking at everything...
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...Media and Socio-Cultural Change The 2003 Iraq War Did Not Take Place Did the 2003 Iraq War take place? This question derived from Jean Baudrillard’s essay with the title ‘The Gulf War did not take place’ written in 1991 in response to the Gulf War (August 2, 1990 - February 28, 1991). Baudrillard began his essay with a provocative statement “Since this war was won in advance, we will never know what it would have been like had it existed. We will never know what an Iraqi taking part with a chance of fighting would have been like. We will never know what an American taking part with a chance of being beaten would have been like” (Baudrillard, 2004). This bold paragraph prompts us re-think whether the war actually occurred as what we saw, read or heard from the news and the media, however we are not supposed to consider this literary. Baudrillard’s argument was to demonstrate the war perceived by the world was not the “actual” war rather it was a media spectacle. According to Kellner, “Media Spectacles are those phenomena of media culture which embody contemporary society's basic values, serve to enculturate individuals into its way of life, and dramatize it's controversies and struggles, as well as its modes of conflict resolution." (Kellner, 2005) In Kellner’s essay ‘September 11, Spectacles of Terror, and Media Manipulation: A Critique of Jihadist and Bush Media Politics’, he implied how media spectacles have been used by terrorists and the Bush government to promote their...
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...Comparative Literature student, I considered myself more of the “creative” type, with an interest in literature/creative writing, art, film and the like. However I realise now that the computer can be used as a creative resource. In exploring possible career options, I came across many ‘creative’ roles which involved video editing, online researching, online reviewing, social networking, blogging and editing and maintaining websites. Whilst I know that this course won’t turn me into a complete “computer geek” It will help me develop the valuable skills I need to enter the ‘creative’ roles I am interested in. Spin your own web Today, creative writing, finds a space in blogging and e-magazines. Art comes in the form of Photoshop, photo editing & photo art. The post modern era defines the filmmaker as auteur and in the world of technology the e-teur’s are users with ‘channels’/videos on YouTube (the demand for videos on the web has also lead to new tag in HTML5). On the web, everyone is a...
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...This essay will evaluate the works of social criticism that had been done by the two artists, Jenny Holzer and Barbara Kruger in terms of images and text by compare and analyse some of their works. These two particular artists were chosen because a wide platform of common features can be found in their art. The two artists, Barbara Kruger and Jenny Holzer are both American conceptual artists that utilises textual element as their major component of work such as to apply massive bold typefaces and short revelatory phrases to convey messages to the public. At times the messages are simple and short while other times the messages are longer statements or borrowed and appropriated excerpts from famous writers. Also, they are both female artists...
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...Examine the use David Simpson makes of Ẑiẑek’s theoretical work in his study 9/11: The Culture of Commemoration. “The routines of commemorative culture, whether private or public, exist to mediate and accommodate the unbearably dissonant agonies of the survivors into a larger picture that can be metaphysical or national-political and is often both at once.” (Simpson 2) David Simpson’s study 9/11: The Culture of Commemoration published in 2006 focuses on a post-9/11 America wracked by fear and paranoia. The “war against terror” implacably positions the American nation against vengeful messianic Islamist “terrorists” who represent the other, the enemy, and are identifiable en masse as “the culture of terror”. The tragic events of the day known globally as 9/11 shattered any illusion Americans might have had about an ethic of tolerance operating both within and without their borders. But Simpson notes in his introductory arguments that while that day has been represented as a rupture with known reality it had a familiarity about it that can be traced over time to the influence of television and film, and was thus already embedded within American culture as a shocking explosive tragedy waiting to happen. Simpson states unequivocally that it’s time we turned to “those who speak for theory” to guide and lead us towards a new cultural understanding of 9/11, mentioning the Slovenian philosopher and cultural theorist Slavoj Ẑiẑek as part of a respected cohort of theorists: “The...
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...the photograph is taken, that is considerated when capturing the photograph, but has also deeply influenced both photographs as well. Born in Soweto in 1956, Santu Mofokeng was documentory photographer in the midst of Apartheid South Africa (Haynes, 2009: 34). Although Mofokeng formed part of the Afrapix Collective, in which they chose the anti-apartheid resistance to photograph, due to Mofokeng’s socioeconoic status and the conditions of apartheid towards black people, he could often not get to where the photos needed to be shot in time as he did not own a means of transport (Haynes, 2009: 39). Instead of shooting and exposing the political issues and the uproar of the black community in South Africa, Mofokeng was more intrigued with normal, everyday life in the South African townships (Haynes, 2009: 39). Not only did Mofokeng shoot everyday life, he coshe to not capture single-shots much like those of the usual photojournalism, Mofokeng created “photographic-essays” (Haynes, 2009: 39) in which there would be a large...
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...A Review of the Misdirection in Psychological Literature Regarding the Elucidation of Cognitive Processes by Magic Imagine that you are on a holiday in Rome. You’ve visited the Pantheon, Roman Forum and now you find yourself at the Colosseum. Anyone who has visited this popular tourist attraction will tell you that aside from the licensed actors portraying gladiators, who for a small fee will allow you to take a photo with them, the area is covered with signs. These signs do not give directions to the bathrooms, but communicate a real threat, the presence and operations of pickpockets. Now imagine that you’ve left your group of friends for a moment because you want to get some panoramic photos. While you are walking you notice that you are being followed, you walk a little faster. Out of the corner of your eye you notice your pursuer bending down to pick something up. They call out to you and produce a ring, asking if you have dropped it. You say that it isn’t yours, but the noticeably accented, yet well-spoken individual, begins to look worried. They insist that this is an expensive, pure gold ring and that since they saw you drop it you should have it. You may argue for a bit, but eventually acquiesce, they shake your hand with both of theirs in gratitude. The handshake seems a bit too long, and all the while the stranger gives you an unflinching stare. They finally stop and bid you good-bye with a satisfied smile, and you walk back to your friends to tell them the story...
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...Response to Questions Name Institution Date Explain how the ‘truth’ of photographic images has always been a contested idea. Cite one example from the ‘pre-digital’ era, and one from contemporary culture to illustrate your argument. The images of the photographic in the pre-digital era were taken as the proof and evidence of reality. However, today this belief might not hold because of the technology that might aid the editing of the photographic to assume content and the background preferred by the user. At the pre-digital era, no such techniques were available and the possibility of an individual faking a photographic image was beyond the imaginations of the people (Joyce, 2012, p. 35). This made people believe that the photographic images were nothing but the truth on the ground. This belief was majorly the reason that the people were made to believe on the existence of fairies. People believe that the two photographic images taken by the two girls, Iris and Alice, were the truth and were evidence of existence of before-then, mythical and tale fairies. Nevertheless, the ambiguous nature of the believed existence of fairies and the fact that it was only the two girls who had the chance to interact and photograph the fairies prompted the questions on the authenticity of the images (Alex, 2014, p. 50). There has been a contest to express and defend the truth of photographic images. In the article, Borderland Borms: Arthur Conan Doyle, Albion Daughters, and the politics...
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...Response to Questions Name Institution Date Explain how the ‘truth’ of photographic images has always been a contested idea. Cite one example from the ‘pre-digital’ era, and one from contemporary culture to illustrate your argument. The images of the photographic in the pre-digital era were taken as the proof and evidence of reality. However, today this belief might not hold because of the technology that might aid the editing of the photographic to assume content and the background preferred by the user. At the pre-digital era, no such techniques were available and the possibility of an individual faking a photographic image was beyond the imaginations of the people (Joyce, 2012, p. 35). This made people believe that the photographic images were nothing but the truth on the ground. This belief was majorly the reason that the people were made to believe on the existence of fairies. People believe that the two photographic images taken by the two girls, Iris and Alice, were the truth and were evidence of existence of before-then, mythical and tale fairies. Nevertheless, the ambiguous nature of the believed existence of fairies and the fact that it was only the two girls who had the chance to interact and photograph the fairies prompted the questions on the authenticity of the images (Alex, 2014, p. 50). There has been a contest to express and defend the truth of photographic images. In the article, Borderland Borms: Arthur Conan Doyle, Albion Daughters, and the politics...
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...An exploration of postmodernism through textual analysis of Arrested Development. This essay will consider the postmodernism within the television programme Arrested Development through postmodern theories, postmodernist techiniques and textual analysis. Through historical context, genre conventions, intertextuality and continuity; the essay will investigate the use of pastiche in modern satire. As popular situation comedies fulfil the generic conventions of using multiple cameras, linear narratives, stand alone catchphrases and aspirational ideologies, the essay will deliberate whether post modernism is legitimate in television comedy. "As Hollywood agents worry about the demise of the town's lowing cash cow, the multi-camera, staged sitcom, here to save the day is Arrested Development, a farce of such blazing wit and originality, that it must surely usher in a new era in comedy." —Alison Powell, The Guardian (UK), March 12, 2005 Television situation comedy has always appealed to mass market audiences. From ‘The Brady Bunch’(1969 – 1974), which centred on a blended family, perhaps the best-known domestic comedy in US television history to ‘Cheers’(1982 – 1993), the show set in a bar in Boston. Sitcoms usually consist of recurring characters in a common environment such as a home or workplace. Sitcoms provide the audience with iconic moments in television history. The longitivity of this genre of programming allows the audiences to build up relationships with the characters...
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...ASSESSMENT – A Culture of Inquiry Please work with your department faculty to develop a graduate profile that reflects common goals among all departments and in relationship to our mission statement. This graduate profile should be ready prior to our next Program Chairs meeting on October 7th, when we will discuss and come to agreement about what we believe is our “ultimate” graduate profile. Following program chairs’ agreement, the material will go to the full faculty for discussion and vote. I will also gather input from Student Affairs so that we understand their contribution to the success of our students. Readings about assessment and what it is are attached.* As I mentioned earlier, we will be working our way through this process together, and developing our assessment program in relationship to the goals and values unique (and/or integral) to this institution. Additional readings are on reserve in the library, and an enormous amount of information is available on the web. *Distributed at the Program Chairs meeting on 9.9.2008 MISSION Maine College of Art delivers a demanding and enlivening education in visual art and design within an intimate learning community. We teach each student how to transform aspirations and values into a creative practice that serves as the foundation for a lifelong pursuit of personal and professional goals. VALUES o Maine College of Art’s educational philosophy is built on the premise that focused individual attention and...
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...Mediating Mark Duggan The press is a section of the mass media industry that focuses on presenting current news to the public and is one of the largest forms of media we have in Britain. The press and media in general insist that it is only fact and truth that is reported to the public, however, there are times when the media either permits itself to be manipulated or to act as the agent of manipulation; seemingly, we as the public, receive the opinions of the few, select people that are running the mass media who use the power of mediation to position audience response through encoded values with the media acting as an opinion leader (2-step flow). Mark Duggan was shot by armed police in Tottenham, August 2011, after officers stopped the cab he was in to make an arrest. Duggan was unarmed at the time yet just hours later stories were circulating the media about a dramatic ‘shootout’ with Duggan represented as a ‘violent gangster’. Within just two days of his death, riots had erupted in London as well as copycat riots in other cities up and down the country and reported globally by the press. Before getting out of hand, the riots were a direct response to the actions of the police. Mark Duggan didn’t hit the front page until after the riots had begun and it is likely that, similar to the case of Stephen Lawrence, the audience will never fully know the reality of the initial event. The final inquest report (2014) ruled that the killing was lawful. Looking back on the newspaper...
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...Moore−Parker: Critical Thinking, Ninth Edition 5. Persuasion Through Rhetoric: Common Devices and Techniques Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2009 Chapter Persuasion Through Rhetoric 5 It’s just the way things are: Images and impressions tend to sell more products than good arguments do. At least some of the images are fun. Common Devices and Techniques W hen the military uses the phrase “self-injurious behavior incidents” regarding detainees at Guantánamo Bay, it means what most of us call “attempted suicides.” In fact, when the word “detainees” is used, it means what most of us call “prisoners.” “Waterboarding” sounds at first like something you’d expect to see young people doing on a California beach, not a torture technique that involves forced simulated drowning. Less remarkable, perhaps, but possibly more relevant for most of us, we’ve heard the term “downsized” used when someone is fired or laid off. “Ethnic cleansing” covers everything from deportation to genocide. What we have to say may be important, but the words we choose to say it with can be equally important. The examples just given are cases of a certain type of linguistic coercion—an attempt to get us to adopt a particular attitude toward a subject that, if described differently, would seem less attractive to us. Words have tremendous persuasive power, or what we have called their rhetorical force or emotive meaning—their power to express and elicit images, feelings, and emotional...
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...standards and principles, and the significances of marketing decisions (Ferrell, 2005). Ethical marketing can be defined as “practices that emphasize transparent, trustworthy, and responsible personal and organizational marketing policies and actions that exhibit integrity as well as fairness to consumers and other stakeholders” (Murphy, Laczniak, Bowie and Klein, 2005). If ethical marketing seeks to promote honesty, equality and responsibility, therefore unethical marketing endorses a dishonest, deceptive and irresponsible approach. There is no list of right or wrong advertising rules, as it is based on subjective judgement, but merely guidelines which all marketers should follow, nonetheless not all abide to these procedures. In this essay I will discuss; why and how children are targeted by unethical marketing in today’s society, how technology has allowed this procedure to...
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...state apparatus especially on increasing power of Hitler’s Germany. Today, we live in a world in which this critical approach is the very canon of decreasing the exploitation of ruler class who spend huge amount of money only for media and communication. (Peter and Simmonson 2004) From the perspective of working class, the picture seems more colorful than fifteen years ago if we consider this criticism of media and its trustworthiness by the effects of social media and blogging. One may clearly say that “Now we have our own instruments to clarify the fact and enjoy publishing our own opinion.” and even I can nod my head and ignore the “dark side of the moon”1 presented by Karl Marx on the topic of exploitation, however, in this essay, I’m going to follow my ideological ancestors and say “matter a fact, it’s all dark”2 as a rejection to this very uprising idea that alternative media makes us less exploited by ruler class of Turkey because our own counter-hegemony attitudes on social media tricks us into a brand new hegemony, the hegemony that forwards our energy into the deep hole of social 1 The name of famous Pink Floyd album and not presented by Karl Marx. 2 The last words from the last song (Eclipse) of Dark Side of the Moon 1 Bahar Arapkirli Writing Sample media without any strict change and it’s more...
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