...Edgar Muzulu W150766 Fiso Ncube Cherubin Mahova PROGRAMME : Master of Science in Development Studies - INTAKE 10 : Weekend COURSE : Disaster and Livelihoods Management LECTURER : Dr S.Mombeshora QUESTION Discuss the application of the Sustainable application of the Livelihood Approach to disaster management in drought prone areas of one African country DUE DATE : 10 October 2015 Introduction There are several approaches to disaster risk reduction. These include the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, the Ecosystem Approach, the Community Participation Approach and the Integrated Approach.This essay seeks to discuss the relevance of the application of the Sustainable Livelihood Approach to disaster management in drought prone areas of Zimbabwe as a strategy of improving communities’ resilience to drought. In doing so, the essay will also seek to analyse if there are no inherent weaknesses that may call for improvements in policy processes and governance structures. Definition of Terms Disaster: This is a severe alteration in the normal functioning of a community or a society due to hazardous physical events interacting with vulnerable social conditions, leading to widespread adverse human, material, economic, or environmental effects that require immediate emergency...
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...concepts and measures of “transport ‘poverty’, transport ‘wealth’ and transport ‘affordability’”. This source discusses how people with low incomes are struggling with travel and transportation which is not very relevant to the topic of sustainable urban development. However, it provides some challenges in one aspect of sustainable urban development, transport poverty, such as the lack of public transport in rural areas in the United Kingdom is forcing people to spend a significant part of...
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...population growth, reaching replacement–level fertility as soon as possible; stemming the hemorrhage of biological diversity; reducing non-sustainable consumption patterns; and mitigating the worst effects of global climate change. Furthermore, to ensure that the future generation is not deprived of its resources the impact of population growth on the resources has to be recognized. Thus, it is right to say that there is a relationship between the behavior of population variables and sustainable development. Therefore, the aim of this essay is to clearly state my position as a Demographer, how I would harness the integration of Population Variables towards sustainable Development. The essay will give definition to key terms in it such as Population and Sustainable Development and at its end a conclusion is given based on what is discussed in the essay. Snelson (1974) defied population as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area. Members of a population often rely on the same resources, are subject to similar environmental constraints, and depend on the availability of other members to persist over time. In other words the United Nations (2010) defined population as the total number of people living in a given area at a specified period of time. The Brundtland Commission’s brief definition of sustainable development as the “ability to...
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...For the past 10 years, the idea of sustainable practices has been governing the corporate business world. Companies have acknowledged the need for change and one-by-one they have started investing into the idea of sustainable practices within their respective sectors. Christopher Mcknett, who is one of the faces behind investment logic for sustainability, has put it very well for corporations. Corporations will have to become self-sustained as much as possible in order to attract the new generation of investments. What about consumers and individuals? We, as the society, must be educated on the future that awaits us and on ways of improving the outcomes to leave a better world for the new generations to come. As provided under the article, the U.S. will grow by 36% by 2050. The developing countries, the largest contributors to global warming, will also grow at a similar rate, leaving us to expect a world population of 9 Billion people by 2044. That is a 50% increase in population from 6 to 9 Billion in 45 years . This means the demand for food, water and shelter will increase by the same margin. Is the worlds infrastructure ready to accommodate the newcomers? How can we cope with this issue? In this essay, I will be talking about the distance between food and individuals and how reducing that distance may help us in terms of sustaining a better a future. According to Center for Urban Education about Sustainable Agriculture (CUESA), it is estimated that the average American...
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...INTO UEA EUS Course Summative Essay - Final Draft ‘The shortage of fresh water in the world is becoming a major challenge. What are the cause and effects of this situation? What solutions can be used to help address this problem? Describe the problem and discuss its different causes and effects. Give examples of solutions already used and possible future solutions.’ Student name: XIONG RONG (Cheryl) Student number: 0010073806 Class: 5A Course: WORLD SHORTAGE OF FRESH WATER Words: 950 Tutor: Joan Reid Submission date: 4th September, 2012 World shortage of fresh water The Earth, which has a variety of valuable natural resources, such as land, climate, water, mineral resources, is our common home. In 1993, the UN (United Nations General Assembly) determined the March 22nd as “World Water Day”, annually. Nowadays, more and more countries pay attention to water resources, especially in freshwater resources, because of its uniqueness and shortage. This essay will discuss water-shortage focusing particularly on four aspects: the problem, causes and effects of water shortage, and solutions. Some problems have been caused by water shortage. It is one of the most serious problems in the world. According to new researches salt water is far more than fresh water in the world. “97.7% of this is salt water; only 2.5% of this is fresh water, 0.26% of accessible fresh water.”(Sustainable World, 2003:4) Another problem is the increasing requirement...
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... | | | | |Unit Code No.: |HOS201 | | | | |Unit Title: |Operation and Environmental Management | | | | |Assessment No.: |Individual essay | | | | |Lecturer: |Ms.Trinidad Navarro | | |...
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...wide-spread super-markets. Stores with irresistible low prices and kilometre wide range of food variants, such as Jeanette Wintersons’ vegetable shop” Verde”, which she writes about in her personal essay” Once upon a shop”, aren’t able to cope with. An analysis of “Once upon a shop” shows which challenges small private shows have in the food industry today, and through Jeanette Winterson’s argument-tation we get an insight into her attitude toward the subject and what she advocates for. As modern people we might take it as “that’s how the market works”, but Winterson’s see the domi-nance of big food chains as a problem. Her personal essay is an advocating essay where she ex-presses her opinions about food industry and how it has changed. Thereby, it is interesting to take a look at how she argues. Is her arguments present in a way that works advocating and actually makes the reader think and act different in proportion to the food industry? If you look at her way of arguing, then the most prominent element in the argumentation is her way of using own experiences and making it clear to the reader that it is her own view on the situation, which is clear when she writes: “We do not do as other countries in Europe do and implement a sliding-scale business rate, so Verde has to pay the same money as an estate agent or a mobile phone outlet. I think this is wrong. If we want the delightful sustainable small shops we all adore in France or Italy, we have to persuade the government to be...
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...Words: 368 | Pages: 2 Views: 425 Save essay in my profile Printable Version Political and Legal Factors As Thomas (2007) suggests politics is focus on government’s work, it may affect the product line via some government policies. In recently, UK's Food Standards Agency released a statement that an EU-wide health warning must be put on any food or drink which contains the colours may cause hyperactivity in some children (Alicia, 2010). Asda put a health policy on its website to announce there is none any artificial colours or hydrogenated fat in its 'smart price' food which may be though unsafe about its quality by its low price (Asda, 2010). In additional, UK government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and Department for International Development (DFID) has taken on the policy to balance future demand and sustainable supply of food industry (National Archives, 2011). The government policy hopes food industries can put more attention on a sustainable development and an adequate stability in food prices. Looking back to Asda's 'smart price' food range, they do keeping follow UK government's requirement and gaining food by using its pioneering partnership Cumbrian food hub, Plumgarths (BBC GOOD FOOD, 2012). Asda use its nine hub network to open a door for these small business who normally wouldn't have the opportunity to deal with a major supermarket. Their action in holding a sustainable supply of food from local food producers has made Asda gaining equivalent...
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...impacts can also be regard as direct, through the use of water, energy, and land, or indirect, through the production and distribution of goods and services that household consumes. There is evidence that our way of living and the direction of the development in today’s society are not considered ecologically sustainable. This essay is about exploring how we can use creative thinking to find a sustainable solution to a problem that we are currently facing, which is Climate Change. By applying the Osborn’s (1979) Creative Problem-Solving-process, together with creative thinking tools, this essay explore the way’s that we as an individual can come up with to reduce our consumption and change our habits to achieve a significant sustainable reduction in our personal energy use .This is achieved by identifying a problem, then generating ideas, then evaluating the potential solution the problem. The first step to Osborn’s (1979) CPSP is the fact-finding, which acquire us to identify the problem, and present fact about it for supporting. Individual demand for the energy is increasing day-by-day; there are many causes for it e.g. IT appliances, production and preparation of food and clothing demands, using big cars rather than fuel efficient ones. Than through my further research I found out that many cities are suffering from water restriction, air pollution, and the loss of their productive land, and open space and habitat’s on the urban fringes. It’s no surprise because statistics...
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...Words: 368 | Pages: 2 Views: 425 Save essay in my profile Printable Version Political and Legal Factors As Thomas (2007) suggests politics is focus on government’s work, it may affect the product line via some government policies. In recently, UK's Food Standards Agency released a statement that an EU-wide health warning must be put on any food or drink which contains the colours may cause hyperactivity in some children (Alicia, 2010). Asda put a health policy on its website to announce there is none any artificial colours or hydrogenated fat in its 'smart price' food which may be though unsafe about its quality by its low price (Asda, 2010). In additional, UK government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and Department for International Development (DFID) has taken on the policy to balance future demand and sustainable supply of food industry (National Archives, 2011). The government policy hopes food industries can put more attention on a sustainable development and an adequate stability in food prices. Looking back to Asda's 'smart price' food range, they do keeping follow UK government's requirement and gaining food by using its pioneering partnership Cumbrian food hub, Plumgarths (BBC GOOD FOOD, 2012). Asda use its nine hub network to open a door for these small business who normally wouldn't have the opportunity to deal with a major supermarket. Their action in holding a sustainable supply of food from local food producers has made Asda gaining equivalent...
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...Analysis of Michael Pollan’s Essay “The Food Movement, Rising” Michael Pollan wrote an article entitled “The Food Movement, Rising”. This article talks about how food impacts many facets in the nation including politics, society and family. In this article he shares how food is not just about food and is a much larger issue than meets the eye. He talks about how the issues of food have impacted the country and therefore the world (Pollan). Then, he breaks the issues down on macro and micro levels, focusing on the impact of food on politics, society, and family. Finally, he points out the real cost of food, directly and indirectly. I agree with Michael Pollan about the ongoing issues with food and I am against industrial agriculture too. Americans have not had to think very hard about where their food comes from, or what it is doing to the planet, their bodies, and their society. (Pollan) Pollan points out the exact current problems about food. He believes that people should eat better food. However, Pollan neglects to mention that it was a problem hundred years ago, and it is still a problem today. He points out in his article that food in America has been invisible as an issue until the early 1970s, when food price inflation pushed the topic to be an important national agenda. He mentions that “before this food was never an issue to be discussed in America because it was available at cheap prices”. Also, Americans were completely ignorant of what was the bigger cost they...
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...methodology has become a “buzzword” and at its base has become a cornerstone for every developmental project in developing countries. According to Fung (2002), participation is the active involvement of the community, particularly the disadvantaged groups such as women, children, elderly, disabled and the poorest of the poor, in the decision making, planning, implementation, and evaluation of their own development activities The concept of community participation however, has remained a contested terrain. This paper considers participation in development programmes and assesses its relevance both in theory and practice. A definition of development and community participation will give a clear insight of the applicability of the methodology. The essay also stresses the strengths and weaknesses of the approach with the aid of case studies from developing nations. The concept of community participation in development became the common currency of exchange in development discourse in the 1970s and since then literature on the subject has grown dramatically. What was initially a radical critique of development has relatively quickly become a staple for development practice in the world. The incorporation of the locals in development projects has become a common phenomenon that almost every organization talks about. The concept originated after it was realized that the top-down approach to...
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...The majority of European companies consider education as the only reliable way of promoting and determining people and companies to assume a responsible behavior in their private or business life and to be more involved in social, environmental, moral and ethics matters. The majority of European companies consider education as the only reliable way of promoting and determining people and companies to assume a responsible behavior in their private or business life and to be more involved in social, environmental, moral and ethics matters. The awareness towards altruist actions is rising up within company’s management board; they understood the need to take care of the surrounding. Practically speaking, companies are actively participating into funding or sponsoring specific social or environmental projects. They may even create their own foundation in order to take care of underprivileged communities. The awareness towards altruist actions is rising up within company’s management board; they understood the need to take care of the surrounding. Practically speaking, companies are actively participating into funding or sponsoring specific social or environmental projects. They may even create their own foundation in order to take care of underprivileged communities. Charity Charity Promotional Promotional Strategic Strategic Means aligning issues such as water, health and poverty with the core business of the company and mostly through adherence to CSR codes and...
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...citing a 12% rise in 2011 from 2010. Consumers are more prepared to spend their money to help ensure a better deal for foreign farmers and prevent their exploitation and their very motivation behind this demonstrates many of the core concepts of consumer behaviour. The article provides the background information that the overall market growth for grocery products stood at around 5% and suggests that this market growth isn’t sustainable and also suggests that consumers will continue to increase their purchases of Fair-trade products despite increasing financials hardship amongst UK consumers. The article invites analysis of how consumer’s desire for ethically sourced products is being tapped into by companies and what is motivating the purchase decisions of these consumers. It also offers an insight into the organic food products market, which has seen sales fall year on year for the last 3 years. This essay illustrates how by applying consumer behaviour theory to the facts reported in the article, understanding of the consumer is greatly improved. The essay will offer analysis of the consumer from three different perspectives; (1) the cognitive consumer, (2) the emotional consumer and (3) the social consumer. A possession as part of the extended self However, first it is important to understand the type of product that will be discussed and how the concept of possessions as the extended self, is crucial to understanding consumer behaviour....
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...country as well as the global economy. In such a relationship, entrepreneurship with innovation is the major driving force behind the sustainable economic development and thus, entrepreneurs play the key role in manipulating the factors of production that include land, labour, capital and also the natural resources (Econlowdown, n.d.) to cause economic growth. In short, entrepreneurship contributes to the economic performances by introducing innovations, effectively allocating resources and creating changes. Hence, the aim of this essay is to discuss the nexus of entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development as well as the role that creativity and problem solving play in this relationship. From the business point of view, entrepreneurship is referred to the capacity and willingness to develop, organise and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make profit by using the factors of production (BusinessDictionary.com, n.d.). Clearly, entrepreneurs are the people with particular characteristics and traits of behaviours whereas entrepreneurship is the result of what entrepreneurs do and refers to events and their economic impact (Lumsdaine and Binks, 2006). Innovation on the other hand is one of the key tools that could assist entrepreneurs to effectively realise the market opportunities that leads to a sustainable economic development. New ideas that add value to a firm is introduced by innovation. In this competitive business world, innovation...
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