Language is a way of expressing ideas and gives us the extraordinary ability to describe the contents of our thoughts. Familiarity with ways that help us to learn a language is very important. In the process of learning a Language many skills work together to create a link between a speaker and interlocutors. These skills generally taught and assessed in terms of the ‘four basic language skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. All language learners will need to develop their skills in each of these sections.
Although all four language skills are crucial for improving learners’ language competence in a second language, purpose of this study is focus on writing skills. According to Cumming (1998,p.61), “the word "writing" …show more content…
More than three decades, researchers ,scholars, and educators, have given increased attention to writing issues and all of them unanimously have believed that students, as a whole, do not and cannot write well (Holdzkom, Reed, Porter, & Rubin, 1983; Cotton, 1989; Noguchi, 1991; Warner, 1993; Applebee, 1994; Jones, 1995). Neill (1982) surveyed 425 school districts in preparation for a report by the American Association of School Administrators and found that about 90% of the participants viewed student writing to be a problem. Moreover, a decade later, Applebee et al. (1994, p.1) reported similar findings. The researchers cited in findings of National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP, 1992) . According to those findings, many students at fourth, eighth, and twelfth had serious difficulty in writing effective informative, persuasive, or narrative pieces. Furthermore, when we looking at writing scores and national writing achievement of Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program (TCAP) , there is a reason for alarm: “Seventy percent of students in grades four to twelve are low-achieving writers”. Therefore, it can be inferred that the most speakers of English second language, despite have an ability to translate their receptive vocabulary into productive vocabulary during writing, have great difficulty in their writing